CN103887615A - High-quality beam antenna based on inhomogeneous specific media - Google Patents
High-quality beam antenna based on inhomogeneous specific media Download PDFInfo
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- CN103887615A CN103887615A CN201410134089.0A CN201410134089A CN103887615A CN 103887615 A CN103887615 A CN 103887615A CN 201410134089 A CN201410134089 A CN 201410134089A CN 103887615 A CN103887615 A CN 103887615A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the antenna shaping technology and discloses a high-quality beam antenna based on inhomogeneous specific media. The inhomogeneous specific media formed through a micro-strip structure are used for shaping an antenna pattern. According to the technical scheme, the high-quality beam antenna based on the inhomogeneous specific media comprises a radiator and a shaping unit. The shaping unit is placed in front of a radiation beam of the radiator, the shaping unit is of a micro-strip structure and is composed of a medium substrate and micro-strip units distributed on the surface of the medium substrate, and the shape of the beam of the radiator is adjusted according to the shape, the size and the position of each micro-strip unit. According to the high-quality beam antenna based on the inhomogeneous specific media, the shaping unit is composed of the medium substrate and the micro-strip units distributed on the surface of the medium substrate, so that the high-quality beam antenna has the characteristics of the inhomogeneous specific media. The shape of the beam of the radiator can be adjusted, the antenna pattern can be shaped in various ways, and the higher design freedom degree is provided for the high-quality beam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna figuration technology, particularly a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium.
Background technology
In microwave applications technology, the transmission of microwave and reception all be unable to do without antenna system, as microwave communication, microwave sounding, microwave wireless Energy Transfer etc.Different applications, has different requirements to antenna system.
Microwave wireless Energy Transfer is take microwave as carrier, carries out transmitting and receiving of microwave energy by antenna, realizes remote wireless energy transmission, has broad application prospects at numerous areas such as Wireless power transmissions.
In microwave wireless energy transmission system, microwave energy transmitting antenna is one of key equipment, and transmitting antenna is gain directional antenna, and it gives off extremely narrow HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES wave beam, microwave energy is intensively sent to the bore face of reception antenna.Reception antenna rear connects several rectification circuits, microwave energy is converted to DC energy output, and the rectification efficiency (i.e. the DC energy of conversion and the ratio of the microwave energy of feed-in) of rectification circuit is one of key factor affecting microwave wireless energy transmission system efficiency.
The antenna pattern of gain directional antenna is generally lip pencil wave beam, be that the center gain of the major lobe of directional diagram is high and edge gain is low, therefore the central microwave power density of the microwave beam of transmitting antenna radiation is large and edge power density is little, the Microwave Power Density skewness that this causes on reception antenna bore face, the center that is similarly is large and a little less than edge.And the microwave power size of the rectification efficiency of rectification circuit and feed-in circuit is closely related, while only having feed-in microwave power size suitably, rectification circuit could be realized maximum rectification efficiency.Obviously,, due to the Microwave Power Density skewness that lip pencil wave beam causes, the rectification circuit that seriously restricts receiving system is realized to maximal integer mass flow efficiency.
For microwave wireless energy transmission system demand, very necessary design direction figure main lobe gain is even, and wave beam main lobe shape is changed into the transmitting antenna directional diagram of similar rectangle by the form of a stroke or a combination of strokes.Use the quality factor (being squareness factor) of filter and describe antenna beam shape, there is the uniform antenna of wave beam main lobe gain and can be described as high-quality beam antenna.
It is a kind of in shaped aerial that high-quality beam antenna belongs to, and traditional shaped aerial method for designing generally can be divided into: reflecting surface figuration and array figuration.Paper " The current state of the reflector antenna the art " (Vol.32 for example delivering in " IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation " for 1984, No.4, p.313-329) introduced reflecting surface figuration, by loading reflecting surface, the electromagnetic wave that feed is sent reflects and is superimposed upon far field and forms suitable directional diagram.Reflecting surface figuration can be the first antennas of many feeds, can be also the antenna of single feed.Many feeds reflecting surface figuration, can lead on the one hand and regulate feed excitation amplitude and excitation phase, shape, size, placement location that on the other hand can also accommodation reflex plate carry out figuration to antenna pattern, so greatly increase the flexibility ratio of figuration, can complete the figuration to complicated directional diagram.But a large amount of expenses of antenna system will spend in design and adjust on beam-forming network, and complicated beam-forming network can cause that radio frequency loss reduces the gain of antenna system.Single feed reflecting surface figuration has overcome the large shortcoming of many feeds figuration loss, and structure is also relatively simple, but figuration is limited in one's ability.Paper in " Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium " " Phased array contour beam shaping by phase optimization " (Vol.23 in 1985, p.475-478) introduced array figuration, this technology is utilized feed power division network, by adjusting the excitation amplitude of array element, excitation phase, or the gap of adjusting between array element changes radiation pattern.Traditional array shaping method is for example: Chebyshev polynomials method, and fourier transform method, Taylor's method, Woodward method etc., but these methods have been difficult to the figuration to complicated directional diagram.
Simply introduce two technical terms that the present invention relates to below: special medium and microstrip structure.
Special medium refers to the artificial composite structure or the composite material that have natural material and do not possess unique physical character.For example there is left-handed materials, frequency-selective surfaces (Frequency Selective Surface, FSS), high impedance surface (High Impedance Surface) of negative permittivity and negative magnetoconductivity etc.The distinct electrical magnetic characteristic of special medium is widely applied it, comprises and being applied in Antenna Design, as improved antenna gain, expands the beamwidth of antenna and realizes antenna miniaturization etc.
Microstrip structure comprises medium substrate and metal level, and the metal patch layer that technique forms is pasted in washing layer or employing that metal level normally forms on medium substrate surface by coated technique.Metal level can be formed at the one or both sides of medium substrate, as conventional one side and double-sided printed-circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB).In order to realize various functions, conventionally on metal level, make various microstrip elements by etching, decoupage, as be retained in the metal derby (being called microband paste) of the various shapes on medium substrate surface or the microstrip gap of the various shapes that form at metal level (remove metal part and expose the pattern of medium substrate), these microstrip elements have different functions, can form microstrip filter, microstrip coupler, microstrip transmission line, microstrip antenna etc.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention, is just to provide a kind of beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium, and the non-homogeneous special medium that utilizes microstrip structure to form, carries out figuration to antenna pattern.
The present invention solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopting is, a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium, comprise radiator and figuration unit, described figuration unit is placed in the radiation beam front of described radiator, it is characterized in that, described figuration unit has microstrip structure, formed by medium substrate and the microstrip element that is distributed in described medium substrate surface, utilize described microstrip element shape, size and position to adjust described radiator beam shape.
Technical scheme of the present invention, adopts figuration unit to carry out figuration to radiator directional diagram.Figuration unit is made up of medium substrate and the microstrip element that is distributed in medium substrate surface, has non-homogeneous special medium characteristic.Each microstrip element on medium substrate surface, electromagnetic wave is had to different reflection coefficient amplitudes and phase place, by changing the parameter such as shape, size, position of microstrip element, can adjust radiator beam shape, realize the various figurations of directional diagram, for high-quality wave beam provides larger design freedom.
Concrete, described microstrip element is microband paste.
Or described microstrip element is microstrip gap.
Further, described microstrip element shape is identical or different.
Further, described microstrip element size is identical or different.
Further, between described microstrip element, distance is identical or different.
Microband paste and microstrip gap are two kinds of conventional microstrip element structures, by adjusting the parameter such as shape, size, position of microstrip element, can change the directional diagram of radiator, according to designing requirement to radiator directional diagram figuration.
Preferably, described radiator is microstrip antenna.
Adopting microstrip antenna as radiator, is the preferred version of the present invention.The antenna pattern of microstrip antenna passes through and microstrip element figuration, can change the antenna pattern of microstrip antenna, reaches designing requirement.This system has advantages of miniaturization, can be in various portable sets.
Concrete, the medium substrate of described microstrip antenna is parallel with the medium substrate of microstrip element.
Due to the common vertical direction of the beam position microstrip aerial substrate of microstrip antenna, the medium substrate configured in parallel of the medium substrate of microstrip antenna and microstrip element, can bring into play to greatest extent the function of figuration unit, raising figuration effect.
Recommend, described radiator is beam aerial system.
Can there is directional beam in beam aerial system, be combined with figuration of the present invention unit, can bring into play maximum figuration effect.
Concrete, described beam aerial system is parabolic reflector antenna.
Parabolic reflector antenna is the more common version of beam aerial system, its launching beam points to the axis direction of paraboloidal reflector, by the parallel figuration of the present invention unit paraboloidal reflector actinal surface front that is placed on, just can complete the directional diagram figuration of parabolic reflector antenna system.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the wave beam of transmitting antenna can be revised as to the high-quality wave beam of class rectangle, the even power density distribution of high-quality wave beam contributes to microwave wireless energy transmission system to obtain maximum system efficiency.Technical scheme of the present invention can be applied to all kinds antenna, and engineering construction is simple and easy to do.Figuration of the present invention unit is to form by forming some microstrip elements that vary in size on medium substrate surface, can adopt microband printing technique to carry out processing and fabricating, has advantages of that cost is low, machining accuracy is high and is easy in enormous quantities making.The present invention can pass through the suitable design to microstrip element, and adjusts rightly distance between radiating antenna and figuration unit, can realize wave beam forming, does not substantially affect the performance index such as return loss and working frequency points of radiating antenna simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the P-P cutaway view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the microstrip antenna schematic diagram in embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 is the S11 curve chart of embodiment 1 antenna;
Fig. 5 is the antenna pattern (E face) of embodiment 1 antenna;
Fig. 6 is the antenna pattern (H face) of embodiment 1 antenna;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 2;
Fig. 8 is the Q-Q cutaway view of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 3;
Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12 were the schematic diagrames that two vertical line of central point are cut apart figuration unit.
In figure, 1 is figuration unit; 10 is microstrip element (microband paste); 11 is medium substrate; 2 is microstrip antenna; 20 is microstrip antenna radiation patch; 21 is microstrip aerial substrate; 22 is microstrip antenna ground plane; A, B, C and D are respectively four kinds of Bu Tong square microband pastes of size; OX and OY were two vertical line of central point.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail.
Figuration of the present invention unit adopts the some sizes of medium substrate surface distributed or variform microstrip element, forms non-homogeneous special medium layer.This non-homogeneous special medium layer is placed on to radiator wave beam front, by adjusting the parameters such as distance between shape, size, position and non-homogeneous special medium layer and the radiating antenna of microstrip element in non-homogeneous special medium layer, utilize non-homogeneous special medium layer to change beam shape to electromagnetic transmission and reflection characteristic.
The high-quality beam antenna of this example based on non-homogeneous special medium, structure, as shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, comprises radiator 2 and figuration unit 1.The effect of this routine figuration unit is to make antenna beam main lobe gain even, forms high-quality wave beam, and does not substantially affect the performance index such as return loss and working frequency points of radiator 2.
This routine figuration unit 1 has microstrip structure, be 0.5mm by a thickness, size is 80 × 80mm, dielectric constant is 2.65 medium substrate 11, and 4 kinds of square microstrip elements 10 that vary in size of medium substrate 11 surface distributed form, this routine microstrip element 10 is microband paste, is labeled as respectively square microstrip element A, B, C and D in Fig. 1, their length of side a is difference 4.0mm, 4.8mm, 5.8mm, 6.9mm, and the center distance d between microstrip element is 14mm.Fig. 1 is the front view of this figuration unit, in figure, microstrip element A is placed in the center of medium substrate 11, its up and down disposed at equal distance be microstrip element B, microstrip element C is arranged in microstrip element B outside, 4 microstrip element D lay respectively at 1/2 place of medium substrate 11 centers to diagonal angle line.As seen from Figure 1, in this routine figuration unit, due to the distributing position of microband paste with vary in size, make the microstrip structure of this piece 80 × 80mm there is non-homogeneous special medium characteristic, can make antenna beam main lobe gain even, form high-quality wave beam.
It is the microstrip antenna formation of 5.8GHz that this routine radiator 2 adopts operating frequency, and its structure comprises medium substrate 21, rectangular radiation patch 20 and ground plane 22.It is 1mm that this microstrip antenna is made thickness, be of a size of 80 × 80mm, substrate 21 dielectric constants are 2.65.As seen from Figure 2, medium substrate 21 configured in parallel of the substrate of figuration unit 1 11 and microstrip antenna 2, and be placed in the radiation beam front of radiator 2, with the distance of radiator 2 be h, rectangular radiation patch 20 is positioned at the rear of the center O of figuration unit 1.
The antenna S11 curve chart of said structure is as shown in Figure 4 visible, loads 1 front and back, figuration unit, and return loss plot and the working frequency points of antenna remain unchanged substantially.Can be found out by the antenna pattern shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the directional diagram top of E face and H face all becomes smooth, be adjusted into and more approach rectangle wave beam by original pencil beam, greatly improve the uniformity of beam power density, be suitable for very much improving the microwave conversion efficiency of microwave power transmission system.The length of side a and the centre distance d that change above-mentioned microstrip element 10, can adjust beam shape.Also can be by the distance h between adjustment figuration unit 1 and radiator 2 and/or alteration of form radiator 2 beam shapes of microstrip element 10.
The high-quality beam antenna structure of this example based on non-homogeneous special medium as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, microstrip element 10 adopts microstrip gap, this microstrip gap is to adopt etching technics on the washing layer on medium substrate 11 surfaces, etches away the rectangular patterns that metal level forms.This routine antenna can be adjusted radiator beam shape by the shape of adjustment microstrip element 10, size, position etc. equally.Other structures of this example are identical with embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 9, the high-quality beam antenna of this example based on non-homogeneous special medium, wherein microstrip element 10 is shaped as circle, can mate the microstrip antenna that adopts circular radiation patch, by adjusting the parameter such as diameter and distributing position of microstrip element, can change the beam shape of radiator.This routine microstrip element 10 can be microband paste or microstrip gap equally.
In the figuration unit that above-described embodiment is described, the common feature that microstrip element distributes is, on medium substrate, be distributed with the microstrip element varying in size, the distribution of these microstrip elements is about central point, made any two vertical line of this central point that figuration unit is divided into four parts that structure is identical, as shown in Figure 10～Figure 12.This regularity of distribution can make antenna beam main lobe gain even, forms high-quality wave beam.
Above-described embodiment is the microstrip element that adopts different sizes, obtains non-homogeneous special medium characteristic by equidistant distribution.Can find out, the present invention also can adopt the microstrip element of formed objects, obtains non-homogeneous special medium characteristic by different distribution distances.Or adopt the microstrip element of different sizes, and obtain non-homogeneous special medium characteristic in conjunction with different distribution distances.The non-homogeneous special medium of these different performance features, can produce different wave beam forming effects, obtains different beam shapes.
Technical scheme of the present invention, in same figuration unit, microstrip element can have different shapes.According to different wave beam forming requirements, can adopt rectangle and circle shape to constitute, or rectangle and cross and circular etc. constituting.In same figuration unit, microstrip element can be both microband paste, can be also microstrip gap, or was mixed and formed by microband paste and microstrip gap.In a word, in figuration of the present invention unit, microstrip element has configuration mode very flexibly, can obtain different figuration effect and beam shape.The radiator of stating of the present invention can also adopt beam aerial system, as parabolic reflector antenna etc., as long as figuration of the present invention unit is placed in to radiator wave beam front, just can carry out figuration to radiator wave beam, obtains different beam shapes.
Claims (10)
1. the high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium, comprise radiator and figuration unit, described figuration unit is placed in the radiation beam front of described radiator, it is characterized in that, described figuration unit has microstrip structure, formed by medium substrate and the microstrip element that is distributed in described medium substrate surface, utilize described microstrip element shape, size and position to adjust described radiator beam shape.
2. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described microstrip element is microband paste.
3. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described microstrip element is microstrip gap.
4. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described microstrip element shape is identical or different.
5. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described microstrip element size is identical or different.
6. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that, between described microstrip element, distance is identical or different.
7. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described radiator is microstrip antenna.
8. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the medium substrate of described microstrip antenna is parallel with the medium substrate of microstrip element.
9. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described radiator is beam aerial system.
10. a kind of high-quality beam antenna based on non-homogeneous special medium according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described beam aerial system is parabolic reflector antenna.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN104134660A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-11-05 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Support device and flexible display device |
| CN105162335A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-12-16 | 华南理工大学 | High-efficiency rectifier circuit covering wide input power range |
| CN112350055A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-02-09 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | X-waveband shaped beam antenna |
| CN113036412A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 成都中科微信息技术研究院有限公司 | Wireless energy transmission system with improved transmission efficiency |
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