CN108682971B - Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna - Google Patents
Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108682971B CN108682971B CN201810240930.2A CN201810240930A CN108682971B CN 108682971 B CN108682971 B CN 108682971B CN 201810240930 A CN201810240930 A CN 201810240930A CN 108682971 B CN108682971 B CN 108682971B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna which sequentially comprises a first layer of dielectric substrate, a middle layer of floor and a second layer of dielectric substrate from top to bottom, wherein a radiation patch antenna array is arranged on the upper surface of the first layer of dielectric substrate, and a microstrip feed network is arranged on the lower surface of the second layer of dielectric substrate, wherein the radiation patch antenna array comprises M x N radiation patch antenna units which are arranged at equal intervals, and each radiation patch antenna unit is respectively connected with the microstrip feed network through a metal probe which penetrates through the first layer of dielectric substrate, the middle layer of floor and the second layer of dielectric substrate. The invention can be used for short-range detection, the working frequency ranges are Ku and Ka wave bands, and the two frequency ranges have wider impedance bandwidth and beam width, and simultaneously have good radiation gain and directional diagram.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of array antennas, and particularly relates to a Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna.
Background
In the field of information technology, which is changing day by day, wireless communication technology has become an indispensable means for information communication, and the application field is continuously expanding, which is one of the fastest-developing engineering technologies at present. The wireless communication technology is not only widely applied to military fields such as missile guidance, microwave remote sensing, satellite and radar communication, but also rapidly developed and widely applied to civil fields such as internet of things, mobile communication and wireless local area network. Wireless communication systems are occupying increasingly important places in the overall communication system due to their advantages of low cost, high mobility, etc. Research on reconfigurable antennas aims to find an antenna design scheme which can combine the functions of a plurality of antennas into the same antenna or array antenna, so that all the signal receiving and transmitting requirements of the system can be met by using one antenna. In the limited space of the wireless communication system, the reconfigurable antenna can effectively utilize frequency and space resources, on one hand, the transmission capacity of the communication system is greatly improved through the adaptive configuration of the antenna resources, and on the other hand, the fusion of multiple communication services of the communication system is met through the reconfiguration of the antenna structure. The working frequency of the antenna with the frequency reconfigurable function can have continuous or discrete adjustability in a certain frequency band range, and meanwhile, the radiation pattern and the polarization characteristic of the antenna are basically kept unchanged. The feeding mode of the existing frequency reconfigurable antenna basically uses coaxial feeding, and by using the feeding mode, antenna units are not easy to form an array antenna, and the radiation gain of a single frequency reconfigurable antenna is very small, so that the requirements of practical application cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna, which aims at short-range detection with working frequency bands of Ka and Ku wavebands.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, a middle floor and a second dielectric substrate in sequence from top to bottom, wherein a radiation patch antenna array is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and a microstrip feed network is arranged on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate, wherein the radiation patch antenna array comprises M x N radiation patch antenna units which are arranged at equal intervals, each radiation patch antenna unit is connected with the microstrip feed network through a metal probe penetrating through the first dielectric substrate, the middle floor and the second dielectric substrate, and the metal probe is insulated from the middle floor.
Preferably, each radiating patch antenna unit is formed by nesting one square patch in one circular patch, a slot is formed in the middle of each square patch, and each circular patch is connected with each square patch through 8 radio frequency switch elements.
Further, the radio frequency switch element is welded in a gap between the circular patch and the square patch, the radio frequency switch element is welded in a gap formed in the middle of the square patch, and the edge of the radio frequency switch element is overlapped with the edge of the square patch.
Preferably, the shape of the microstrip feed network main feed line is rectangular.
Preferably, one end of the microstrip feed network main feed line is connected with the middle floor into a whole through a lumped excitation port.
Preferably, the main feed line of the microstrip feed network is connected to the impedance matching patch through two PIN diodes for changing the impedance matching of the array antenna.
Preferably, the outer surface of each metal probe is tangent to the middle slot line of the square patch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the working frequency band of the Ku/Ka wave band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna is Ku and Ka wave bands, and the hopping frequency band range is large.
(2) The Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna has larger impedance bandwidth, higher radiation gain and good radiation characteristic, and can meet the requirements of practical application.
(3) According to the Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna, the impedance matching of the antenna is changed on the main feed line of the feed network, the frequency reconfiguration is realized by using the same feed network, and the size of the antenna is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna unit according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a left side view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
Fig. 7 is a bottom view of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
Fig. 8 is a top view of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 35 GHz.
Fig. 9 is a bottom view of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 35 GHz.
Fig. 10 is a return loss schematic diagram of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the radiation gain of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the return loss of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 35 GHz.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the radiation gain of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 35 GHz.
Fig. 14 is a top view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
Fig. 15 is a bottom view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
Fig. 16 is a top view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 35 GHz.
Fig. 17 is a bottom view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 35 GHz.
Fig. 18 is a return loss schematic diagram of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with the center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the radiation gain of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the return loss of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 35 GHz.
Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of the radiation gain of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 35 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
a Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna comprises a first layer of dielectric substrate 13, a middle layer of floor 11 and a second layer of dielectric substrate 14 from top to bottom in sequence, wherein a radiation patch antenna array is arranged on the upper surface of the first layer of dielectric substrate 13, and a microstrip feed network 12 is arranged on the lower surface of the second layer of dielectric substrate 14, wherein the radiation patch antenna array comprises M x N radiation patch antenna units which are arranged at equal intervals, and each radiation patch antenna unit is connected with the microstrip feed network 12 through a metal probe 15 penetrating through the first layer of dielectric substrate 13, the middle layer of floor 11 and the second layer of dielectric substrate 14. The invention adopts a feeding mode of combining the metal probe 15 and the microstrip feeding network 12. In other embodiments, the microstrip feed network 12 employs a parallel feed. The radiation patch antenna array, the middle floor 11 and the microstrip feed network 12 are all metal plating layers, and adopt metal materials with better conductivity, such as: gold, silver, copper.
In a further embodiment, each radiating patch antenna unit is formed by nesting a circular patch 9 into a square patch 10, a slot is formed in the middle of each square patch 10, and the circular patch 9 and the square patch 10 are connected through 8 radio frequency switch elements 1-8. The radio frequency switch element is loaded on a gap between the circular patch 9 and the square patch 10 to change the radiation electric length, so that the frequency reconfiguration of the antenna is realized. In other embodiments, the rf switch element is a PIN diode, and the PIN diode is controlled to be turned on and off by a dc bias circuit. When the radiating patch antenna units form an array, the antenna impedance of different wave bands is different. Therefore, the impedance matching of the antenna is changed on the main feed line of the microstrip feed network, the impedance switching is realized by controlling the connection and disconnection of the PIN diode, and the antenna with two wave bands has good impedance matching by using the same feed network structure.
In a further embodiment, the rf switch elements 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 are soldered in the gap between the circular patch 9 and the square patch 10, and the rf switch elements 3, 7 are soldered in the gap of the middle slot of the square patch 10.
In a further embodiment, the main feed line of the microstrip feed network 12 is rectangular.
In a further embodiment, one end of the main feeder of the microstrip feed network 12 is connected to the middle floor 11 via a lumped excitation port 16.
In a further embodiment the main feed line of the microstrip feed network 12 is connected to an impedance matching patch via two PIN diodes 17, 18 for changing the impedance matching of the array antenna.
In a further embodiment, the outer surface of each metal probe 15 is tangent to the median slot line of the square patch 10.
The Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna has larger impedance bandwidth, higher radiation gain and good radiation pattern on two frequency bands. The array antenna realizes the miniaturization function by the arrangement of the antenna units and the design of the feed network.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, and fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna, which sequentially includes a first dielectric substrate 13, a middle floor 11, and a second dielectric substrate 14 from top to bottom, where the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 13 is provided with a radiation patch antenna array, and the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 14 is provided with a microstrip feed network 12, where the radiation patch antenna array includes 4 × 4 radiation patch antenna units arranged at equal intervals, each radiation patch antenna unit is respectively connected to the microstrip feed network 12 through a metal probe 15 penetrating through the first dielectric substrate 13, the middle floor 11, and the second dielectric substrate 14, and the metal probe 15 is insulated from the middle floor 11. Each radiating patch antenna unit is formed by nesting a round patch 9 into a square patch 10, a slot is formed in the middle of each square patch 10, the round patches 9 are connected with the square patches 10 through 8 radio frequency switch elements 1-8, and the radio frequency switch elements 1-8 are controlled to be switched on and off through a direct current bias circuit, so that frequency reconfiguration is realized. The main feeder of the microstrip feed network 12 is rectangular, and the left edge of the main feeder is connected with the middle floor 11 through the lumped excitation port 16.
Referring to fig. 14, 15, 16 and 17, in this embodiment, simulation was performed by taking an antenna center frequency of 17.5GHz and 35GHz and a radiation patch antenna array of 4 × 4 as an example, the array element pitch is 6.8mm, the two dielectric plates of the antenna are plates of Rogers RT/duroid 5880 and the dielectric constant is 2.2, the upper dielectric plate is 30.4mm × 0.6mm, and the lower dielectric plate is 30.4mm × 0.5 mm.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the upper radiation patch antenna array, the middle floor 11 and the lower microstrip feed network 12 are all metal plating layers, and in this embodiment, copper materials are used.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the PIN diodes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 on the antenna elements and the PIN diodes 17 on the main feed line of the lower feed network are a first set of switches and the PIN diodes 3, 7 and 18 are a second set of switches.
Fig. 14 is a top view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the invention with a center frequency of 17.5GHz when the first set of switches is on and the second set of switches is off.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a feed network in which the center frequency of the 4 × 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna is 17.5GHz when the first group of switches is turned on and the second group of switches is turned off.
Fig. 18 and fig. 19 are schematic diagrams of return loss and radiation gain of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
From simulation results, when the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna works in the Ku band, the center frequency is 17.5GHz, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 430MHz, the relative bandwidth is 2.46%, the maximum gain of the antenna is 15.18dB, and the beam width is 29.85 °.
Fig. 16 is a top view of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna of the present invention with a center frequency of 35GHz when the first set of switches is turned off and the second set of switches is turned on.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a feed network in which the center frequency of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna is 35GHz when the first group of switches is turned off and the second group of switches is turned on.
Fig. 20 and fig. 21 are schematic diagrams of return loss and radiation gain of the 4 x 4Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 35 GHz.
From simulation results, when the 4 x 4 Ku/Ka-band frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna works in the Ka band, the center frequency is 35GHz, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 1.84GHz, the relative bandwidth is 5.26%, the maximum gain of the antenna is 15.65dB, and the beam width is 17.68 °.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9, taking the central frequency of the antenna as 17.5GHz and 35GHz, the number of array elements as an example, and the spacing between the array elements as 6.8mm, the two dielectric plates of the antenna are plates of Rogers RT/duroid 5880 and dielectric constant as 2.2, the size of the upper dielectric plate is 16.8mm 0.6mm, and the size of the lower dielectric plate is 16.8mm 0.5 mm.
Fig. 10 and fig. 11 are schematic diagrams of return loss and radiation gain of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 17.5 GHz.
According to simulation results, when the 2 x 2Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna works in the Ka waveband, the center frequency is 17.5GHz, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 650MHz, the relative bandwidth is 3.71%, and the maximum gain of the antenna is 10.11 dB.
Fig. 12 and 13 are schematic diagrams of return loss and radiation gain of the 2 x 2Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna with the center frequency of 35 GHz.
According to simulation results, when the 2 x 2Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna works in the Ka waveband, the center frequency is 35GHz, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 1.9GHz, the relative bandwidth is 5.43%, and the maximum gain of the antenna is 10.75 dB.
Claims (5)
1. The Ku/Ka waveband frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna is characterized by sequentially comprising a first layer of dielectric substrate (13), a middle layer of floor (11) and a second layer of dielectric substrate (14) from top to bottom, wherein a radiation patch antenna array is arranged on the upper surface of the first layer of dielectric substrate (13), and a microstrip feed network (12) is arranged on the lower surface of the second layer of dielectric substrate (14), wherein the radiation patch antenna array comprises M x N radiation patch antenna units which are arranged at equal intervals, each radiation patch antenna unit is respectively connected with the microstrip feed network (12) through a metal probe (15) penetrating through the first layer of dielectric substrate (13), the middle layer of floor (11) and the second layer of dielectric substrate (14), and the metal probe (15) is insulated from the middle layer of floor (11); each radiating patch antenna unit is formed by nesting a round patch (9) into a square patch (10), a slot is formed in the middle of each square patch (10), and the round patch (9) is connected with the square patch (10) through 8 radio frequency switch elements (1-8);
wherein 6 radio frequency switch elements are welded on the gap between the circular patch (9) and the square patch (10), and the other 2 radio frequency switch elements (3, 7) are welded on the slotted gap in the middle of the square patch (10).
2. The Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the main feed line of the microstrip feed network (12) is rectangular.
3. The Ku/Ka-band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein one end of the main feeder of the microstrip feed network (12) is connected with the middle floor (11) through a lumped excitation port (16).
4. The Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the main feed line of the microstrip feed network (12) is connected to an impedance matching patch through two PIN diodes (17, 18) for changing the impedance matching of the array antenna.
5. The Ku/Ka band frequency reconfigurable microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface of each metal probe (15) is tangent to the median slot line of the square patch (10).
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| CN114256629B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-04-25 | 电子科技大学 | Ka frequency band broadband reconfigurable reflection unit and array antenna |
| CN115548658A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-12-30 | 江苏科技大学 | X/Ku frequency band frequency reconfigurable butterfly antenna based on bias network |
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| CN103367890A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-10-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Dual-frequency microstrip directional-diagram reconfigurable antenna |
| CN106997986A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of circular polarized antenna array of X-band |
| CN107425293A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-01 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of left-right-hand circular polarization restructural slot antenna |
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| KR100952976B1 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2010-04-15 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Antenna element and frequency reconfiguration array antenna using the antenna element |
| CN201515012U (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2010-06-23 | 华南理工大学 | Radio frequency identification circular polarized reader antenna capable of reconstructing frequency |
| US20130187726A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-07-25 | John T. Apostolos | Tunable variable impedance transmission line |
| CN102394352B (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2014-01-08 | 东南大学 | Double-frequency broadband reconfigurable micro-strip antenna |
| CN102832450B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2015-02-25 | 上海大学 | Novel dual-frequency and polarization reconfigurable antenna |
| CN106410416A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-15 | 南京理工大学 | Frequency and polarization reconfigurable microstrip antenna based on varactor diodes |
| CN106602213A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-04-26 | 西安科锐盛创新科技有限公司 | Frequency reconfigurable coupled feed loop antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103367890A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-10-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | Dual-frequency microstrip directional-diagram reconfigurable antenna |
| CN106997986A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of circular polarized antenna array of X-band |
| CN107425293A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-01 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of left-right-hand circular polarization restructural slot antenna |
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