CN107425293B - Left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna - Google Patents
Left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a left-right rotation circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a first switch diode, a second switch diode and a direct-current power supply, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode; the upper surface of the medium substrate is provided with a metal ground; the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a micro-strip structure; an annular radiation gap is arranged in the middle of the metal ground; the annular radiation gap divides the metal ground into an inner metal and an outer metal; the first switch diode and the second switch diode are reversely bridged between the metals on two sides of the annular radiation gap; two poles of the direct current power supply are connected with the inner side metal and the outer side metal which are separated from the annular radiation gap through two leads. The microstrip structure couples energy to the annular radiation gap, and a packaging inductor of the conduction switch diode splits the annular radiation gap main mode into two degenerate modes with equal amplitude and orthogonal phase, so that the circular polarization radiation characteristic is realized; the on-off states of the two switching diodes are switched, so that the purpose of reconstructing the rotation direction of the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna.
Background
The antenna is a key device of a wireless communication system and plays a role in energy conversion between guided electromagnetic waves and radiated electromagnetic waves. Compared with a linear polarization antenna, the circular polarization antenna has the outstanding advantages of resisting rain and fog attenuation, inhibiting multipath interference signals and relaxing installation orientation limitation of the receiving and transmitting antenna. The left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable antenna is beneficial to eliminating the energy fading problem caused by the multipath effect, realizes a polarization modulation system with more excellent performance, and supports the frequency multiplexing function so as to increase the communication capacity of the system. Therefore, the left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable antenna with excellent design performance, simplicity and practicability has important significance for improving the performance of a wireless communication system and reducing the cost of wireless communication equipment.
The slot antenna, most commonly a microstrip slot antenna, has the good properties of wide impedance bandwidth, high error tolerance, easy realization of circular polarization, low profile, small volume, light weight, and convenient integration with a planar circuit, and thus is widely applied to various wireless communication devices. The main problems that exist in the existing left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna include: the number of the switching diodes is large, the direct current bias circuit is complex, and a great improvement space is still left; the volume size is too large, so that the development trend of miniaturization of wireless communication equipment cannot be met; the circular polarization excitation technology and the polarization reconfigurable technology are mutually independent, a switch diode serving as a key device of the reconfigurable technology is only regarded as an ideal switch, and the characteristics are not fully utilized.
In 2003, an article entitled "A Reconfigurable Slot Antenna With switchchaslepolarization" was published by M.K. friends et al on "IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components letters". The article selects circularly polarized perturbation gap pairs at different positions by controlling the on and off states of the switch diodes to realize left-hand circularly polarized or right-hand circularly polarized radiation characteristics, but the antenna needs up to four switch diodes and a direct current bias circuit is complex.
In 2006, J.F.Wu et al published an article entitled "Broadband circulation-Polarized Microtrip Antenna With switching Environment Sense" on "IET Electronics Letters". The article only uses two switching diodes to control the connection and disconnection states of two ends of an open-ended annular microstrip line and a microstrip feeder line, changes the rotation direction of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, but the sandwich structure of a 'dielectric substrate-foam-dielectric substrate' of an antenna is too complex, high in section and not beneficial to batch manufacturing.
In 2012, the scholars of J.S.Row et al published an article entitled "Circular Polarization and Polarization configurable Designs for annular Slot Antennas" on "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and protocols. The article adopts two switch diodes and a single-layer medium substrate, improves the traditional L-shaped microstrip feeder into an arrow-shaped microstrip feeder, combines the switching characteristic and the low on-resistance characteristic of the switch diodes, and enables the radiation electromagnetic wave to be switched between left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, but the antenna size is overlarge, which is not beneficial to the application of miniaturized wireless communication equipment.
Therefore, in order to synthesize the disclosed reconfigurable slot antenna with left-right circular polarization, it is necessary to research a new structure and a new scheme to realize a high-performance reconfigurable slot antenna with left-right circular polarization, which has a simple dc bias circuit, a small size and a low profile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reconfigurable slot antenna with left-right-handed circular polarization, which overcomes the defects of the technology. The invention only needs two switching diodes and a single-layer medium substrate, and has the characteristics of wide circularly polarized bandwidth, good radiation performance, simple direct current bias circuit, simple structure, convenient manufacture and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a left-right rotation circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a first switch diode, a second switch diode and a direct current power supply; the upper surface of the medium substrate is provided with a metal ground; the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a micro-strip structure; an annular radiation gap is arranged in the middle of the metal ground; the annular radiation gap divides the metal ground into an inner metal and an outer metal; the first switch diode and the second switch diode are reversely bridged between the metals on two sides of the annular radiation gap; two poles of the direct current power supply are connected with the inner side metal and the outer side metal which are separated from the annular radiation gap through two leads.
Furthermore, the microstrip structure is composed of a microstrip feeder line and a microstrip tuning branch section which are connected with each other.
Furthermore, the projection of the upper edge of the microstrip feed line on the metal ground is tangent to the lowest point of the excircle of the annular radiation gap.
Further, the first switching diode and the second switching diode are positioned symmetrically with respect to a center line of the microstrip structure.
Furthermore, the included angles of the connecting lines of the loading positions of the first switch diode and the second switch diode and the center of the dielectric substrate relative to the central line of the microstrip structure are both 45 degrees.
Furthermore, the annular radiation gap is superposed with the center of the dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is a square glass epoxy resin dielectric substrate, the size of the square glass epoxy resin dielectric substrate is 50mm multiplied by 50mm, the dielectric constant is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02; the first switch diode and the second switch diode are made of British flying BAR50-03W chips; the voltage of the direct current power supply is 0.95V; the excircle radius of the annular radiation gap is 18.8mm, and the width of the annular radiation gap is 2 mm; the length of the micro-strip tuning branch is 18.8mm, and the width of the micro-strip tuning branch is 2 mm; the width of the microstrip feeder line is 3 mm.
Furthermore, electromagnetic signals are input through a port of the microstrip feeder line, energy is coupled to the annular radiation slot, a main radiation mode of the microstrip feeder line is split into two degenerate modes with equal amplitude and orthogonal phase under the action of a packaging inductor of the switch diode in a conduction state, so that the circularly polarized radiation characteristic is realized, the microstrip tuning branch is used for adjusting antenna impedance matching, the conduction and cut-off states of the first switch diode and the second switch diode are switched by changing the voltage of a direct-current power supply, and the purpose of reconstructing the rotation direction of the circularly polarized electromagnetic waves is finally achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the slot antenna realizes the circular polarization radiation characteristic by utilizing the self-packaged inductance of the switching diode without an additional perturbation unit or a complex feed network, so the slot antenna has a simpler structure and is more convenient to manufacture.
2. The slot antenna adopts the scheme that two switching diodes are reversely bridged on the metal on the two sides of the annular radiation slot, the direct current bias circuit is obviously simplified, other lumped elements are not needed, the structure is simpler, and the manufacturing cost is low.
3. The slot antenna only needs one layer of dielectric substrate, has simple design, small volume, low section, light weight and convenient integration with a planar circuit, and can be applied to various wireless communication devices.
The invention has wide circularly polarized bandwidth, good radiation performance, simple direct current bias circuit, simple structure, convenient manufacture and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top layer structure of the left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna.
Fig. 3 is a schematic bottom structure diagram of the left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna.
FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the switch diode selected for the on and off states according to the embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the ON state; fig. 4(b) is a schematic view of an off state.
Fig. 5 shows simulation results of return loss in different polarization modes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows the simulation results of the normal axial ratio in different polarization modes according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a left hand circularly polarized mode radiation pattern at 2.45GHz in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a right hand circularly polarized mode radiation pattern at 2.45GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The reconfigurable slot antenna with the left-right rotation circular polarization is manufactured on a dielectric substrate with copper-clad double surfaces, and can be conveniently processed and manufactured by using mature technologies such as circuit board corrosion, laser engraving, mechanical engraving and the like. The core idea of the invention is that by using the switching characteristics of the switching diode and the self-packaged inductor, on one hand, the switching diode self-packaged inductor in a conducting state enables the split annular radiation gap main mode to be two degenerate modes with equal amplitude and orthogonal phase, so as to excite circularly polarized radiation electromagnetic waves, and on the other hand, the conducting state and the cut-off state of the two switching diodes are switched, so that the purpose of reconstructing circularly polarized rotation direction is achieved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a left-right circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate 1, a metal ground 2 printed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip structure 3 printed on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a circular radiation slot 4 etched on the metal ground 2, and two switching diodes 5 and 6 (inside a dashed circle frame) reversely bridged over metals on two sides of the circular radiation slot 4. The annular radiation gap 4 coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate 1. The annular radiation gap 4 divides the metal ground 2 into an inner metal and an outer metal; the microstrip structure 3 is composed of two parts of a microstrip feeder line 31 and a microstrip tuning branch 32 which are connected with each other, and the projection of the upper edge of the microstrip feeder line 31 on the metal ground 2 is tangent with the lowest point of the excircle of the annular radiation slot 4. Two poles of a direct current power supply 7 (in a dotted oval frame) are connected with the inner metal and the outer metal which are separated from the annular radiation gap 4 through two leads. The positions of the two switching diodes 5 and 6 are symmetrical relative to the central line of the microstrip structure 3, and the included angles of the connecting line of the two switching diodes and the center of the medium substrate 1 relative to the central line of the microstrip structure 3 are both 45 degrees.
The working principle of the left-right rotation circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna is as follows: electromagnetic signals are input from a port of the microstrip feeder line 31, energy is coupled to the annular radiation slot 4, a main radiation mode is split into two degenerate modes with equal amplitude and orthogonal phase under the action of packaging inductance of the switch diode in a conduction state, and further the circularly polarized radiation characteristic is realized, the microstrip tuning branch 32 is used for adjusting antenna impedance matching, the conduction and cut-off states of the two switch diodes 5 and 6 can be switched by changing the voltage of the direct-current power supply 7, and finally the purpose of reconstructing the rotating direction of the circularly polarized electromagnetic waves is achieved.
The right-left-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna is manufactured on a double-sided copper-coated glass epoxy resin medium substrate 1 with the size of 50mm multiplied by 50mm, the dielectric constant of 4.4, the loss tangent of 0.02 and the thickness of 1.6mm by adopting a printed circuit board process, the switching diodes 5 and 6 adopt Yingfei BAR50-03W chips, the voltage of a direct current power supply 7 is 0.95V, the excircle radius of an annular radiation slot 4 is 18.8mm, the width is 2mm, the length of a micro-strip tuning branch 32 is 18.8mm, the width is 2mm, and the width of a micro-strip feeder line 31 is 3 mm.
Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the switching diode BAR50-03W chip in the on and off states, respectively. In the on state, the switching diode is equivalent to the package inductor Lp1.8nH and a forward on-resistance RfA 3 Ω series circuit; in the off state, the switching diode is equivalent to a capacitor Cr0.15pF and reverse resistance Rr5k omega in parallel and then connected with a package inductor Lp1.8nH series circuit.
Fig. 5 and fig. 6 are simulation results of return loss and normal axis ratio of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized reconfigurable slot antenna in different polarization modes, respectively. Due to the structural symmetry, the return loss of the antenna is basically consistent with the normal axial ratio characteristic under the two modes of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. Specifically, the frequency range of 10dB return loss of the antenna is 2.15GHz to 2.85GHz, and the relative bandwidth is more than 28.0%; the frequency range for the 3dB normal axial ratio is 2.36GHz to 2.54GHz with a relative bandwidth of about 7.5%.
Fig. 7 and fig. 8 are simulation results of far-field radiation patterns in different polarization modes when the left-right-handed circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna is used for 2.45GHz, respectively. In both polarization modes, the antenna has excellent radiation characteristics of high circular polarization purity, wide beam width and low cross polarization level.
The above-mentioned embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but it should not be considered that the embodiments of the present invention are limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make several modifications and amendments without departing from the spirit and technical principle of the present invention, and all should be considered as falling within the scope of patent protection defined by the claims submitted by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A left-right rotation circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (1), a first switch diode (5), a second switch diode (6) and a direct current power supply (7);
a metal ground (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1); the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a micro-strip structure (3);
an annular radiation gap (4) is arranged in the middle of the metal ground (2); the annular radiation gap (4) divides the metal ground (2) into inner metal and outer metal;
the first switch diode (5) and the second switch diode (6) are reversely bridged between metals on two sides of the annular radiation gap (4);
two poles of a direct current power supply (7) are connected with the inner side metal and the outer side metal which are separated from the annular radiation gap (4) through two leads;
the microstrip structure (3) consists of a microstrip feeder line (31) and a microstrip tuning branch (32) which are connected with each other;
the projection of the upper edge of the microstrip feeder line (31) on the metal ground (2) is tangent to the lowest point of the excircle of the annular radiation slot (4);
electromagnetic signals are input from a port of a microstrip feeder line (31), energy is coupled to an annular radiation slot (4), a radiation main mode of the electromagnetic signals is split into two degenerate modes with equal amplitude and orthogonal phase under the action of packaging inductance of a switch diode in a conduction state, so that the circularly polarized radiation characteristic is realized, a microstrip tuning branch (32) is used for adjusting antenna impedance matching, the voltage of a direct current power supply (7) is changed to switch the conduction and cut-off states of a first switch diode (5) and a second switch diode (6), and the purpose of reconstructing the rotating direction of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves is finally achieved;
the positions of the first switching diode (5) and the second switching diode (6) are symmetrical relative to the central line of the microstrip structure (3);
the included angles of the connecting lines of the loading positions of the first switch diode (5) and the second switch diode (6) and the center of the dielectric substrate (1) relative to the central line of the microstrip structure (3) are both 45 degrees.
2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the annular radiation slot (4) and the dielectric substrate (1) are coincident in center.
3. The left-right hand circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric substrate (1) is a square glass epoxy dielectric substrate with dimensions of 50mm x 50mm, a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02; the first switch diode (5) and the second switch diode (6) are made of an England BAR50-03W chip; the voltage of the direct current power supply (7) is 0.95V; the excircle radius of the annular radiation gap (4) is 18.8mm, and the width is 2 mm; the length of the micro-strip tuning branch (32) is 18.8mm, and the width of the micro-strip tuning branch is 2 mm; the width of the microstrip feeder line (31) is 3 mm.
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| CN113972489B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2023-02-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and electronic device |
| CN113300090B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-08-26 | 南通大学 | Differential feed directional diagram reconfigurable dielectric patch antenna |
| CN114256629B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-04-25 | 电子科技大学 | Ka frequency band broadband reconfigurable reflection unit and array antenna |
| CN114421167B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2024-03-26 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Dual-frequency left-right circular polarization reconfigurable slot antenna |
| CN114792888B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2024-08-09 | 领翌技术(横琴)有限公司 | Antenna and electronic device |
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