CN114249619A - Foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing selenium content of crops - Google Patents
Foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing selenium content of crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN114249619A CN114249619A CN202210063963.0A CN202210063963A CN114249619A CN 114249619 A CN114249619 A CN 114249619A CN 202210063963 A CN202210063963 A CN 202210063963A CN 114249619 A CN114249619 A CN 114249619A
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- selenium
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- sodium selenite
- deionized water
- folic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The utility model provides a promote fertilizer is used to leaf surface of crop selenium content fast, belongs to fertilizer science and technology field, comprises folic acid, sodium selenite, cockroach polypeptide mixture and deionized water, its characterized in that: the ratio of folic acid, sodium selenite, cockroach polypeptide mixture and deionized water is 0.999 parts of folic acid, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 0.001 part of cockroach polypeptide mixture and 6 parts of deionized water, when in preparation, the deionized water is heated to 40-50 ℃, the hot deionized water is mixed with the sodium selenite, the mixture is stirred for 10-20 minutes to prepare sodium selenite solution, then the cockroach polypeptide mixture is added, the stirring is continued to prepare selenium peptide, the selenium peptide is poured into a closed stirrer with an electric stirring device inside, finally the folic acid is added, the electric stirring is carried out for 30-60 minutes, and the liquid foliar application fertilizer raw liquid capable of rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops can be prepared. The selenium-enriched compound fertilizer is low in cost and convenient to use, and the selenium content of crops can be rapidly increased after the selenium-enriched compound fertilizer is applied.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer science.
Background
After people recognize the danger of the keshan disease, a treatment scheme is always sought, and particularly after the people are liberated, a great deal of research and attempt are made on the keshan disease in our country, and as a result, the selenium supplement in the salt can effectively reduce the danger of the keshan disease. Later, in the process of researching selenium, people found a place which is long in life and is the environment where people live: crops, soil, drinking water and the like are rich in selenium. Slowly, selenium is gradually recognized by people, and is recognized as a long-life trace element for human beings. Selenium is known to play several roles: selenium is a healthy guard (selenium can delay aging and resist oxidation): oxidative damage in human bodies is an important reason for the life, the illness and the death of human bodies, and selenium can activate glutathione peroxidase so as to achieve the purposes of controlling and relieving the oxidative damage and preventing diseases. Research shows that selenium has 500 times higher antioxidant capacity than vitamin E. The blood selenium level of residents in the China Changshou village is obviously higher than that of residents in other areas, which indicates that the level of selenium in blood determines the life length of people. The eyes of the shanying are the most acute in the earth biology, and biologists find that the eye of the shanying contains extremely rich selenium which is over one hundred times higher than that of human beings through long-term research, which indicates that the selenium plays an important role in protecting the eyes. If the selenium is not taken in the human body for a long time, the phenomena of vision reduction and eye diseases increase, such as cataract, retinopathy, pseudomyopia, nyctalopia and the like can occur. Insufficient selenium cannot timely remove lipid peroxide in crystalline lens, which causes clouding of crystalline lens and cataract. ② selenium is cell protection spirit (protection and repair cells), human body cells are intact, viscera can only play normal function, selenium protection and repair cells are equal to protection and maintenance of important viscera of human body such as heart, liver, kidney, lung, eye and the like, because selenium can play digestion and reduction action to peroxide generated in the metabolic activity of organism cells, and protect cell membrane structure from being damaged by peroxide. In addition, selenium protects erythrocytes in blood, improves the oxygen carrying capacity of erythrocytes, and hemoglobin in erythrocytes can bring sufficient oxygen to each cell of the body, so that each cell can maintain normal functions. Selenium is capable of removing diseases (improving human immunity), enhancing the recognition capability of an immune system on viruses, foreign matters and pathological changes in vivo, improving the antibody synthesis of beta cells of the immune system, the proliferation of T cells and the antibody level in blood, and improving the phagocytic and bactericidal capability of macrophages by more than 2 times. Selenium improves the immunity of the organism, thus fundamentally improving the resistance to diseases, which is the important reason that selenium can build body and remove diseases. Selenium is a natural antidote (detoxification, detoxification and pollution resistance), selenium is used as a non-metal ion with negative charge, can be combined with harmful metal ions with positive charge in a human body to form a metal-selenium-protein compound, and can directly discharge the harmful metal ions capable of inducing canceration out of the body or excrete the harmful metal ions out of the body from bile secretion, so that the toxicity of the metal ions such as lead, aluminum, mercury, cadmium, thallium and the like is cleared, and the effects of detoxification and detoxification are achieved. The U.S. name of "natural antidote" follows from this. Selenium is fire of life (protecting spirit of alcoholism smokers), and researches show that the selenium in patients with liver injury such as alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatic ascites and the like is obviously lower than that in normal people; the main harmful substances of the cigarette are nicotine, tobacco tar and carbon monoxide, and the selenium is used as a good antioxidant, can effectively eliminate the external toxin inhaled into the body, and has a repairing effect on the body injury of smokers by supplementing the selenium. The selenium added with the salt is sodium selenite, but the selenium in the sodium selenite is high-valence selenium, is toxic after being taken by a human body, and can cause toxic symptoms if the intake amount exceeds 300 micrograms. However, if selenium is transformed into negatively bivalent selenium by crop transformation, the toxicity becomes very small and can hardly be noticed, thereby being safe and reliable. However, sodium selenite is an inorganic compound, and is directly sprayed on the leaves of crops, and cannot be well absorbed by the leaves of crops, and sodium selenite can only be absorbed and converted into bivalent organic selenium by the crops after rapidly entering the crops, so how to increase the absorptivity of sodium selenite sprayed on the leaves and rapidly increase the selenium content of the crops becomes a big problem to be solved? In order to improve the absorption rate of sodium selenite and quickly improve the selenium content of crops, the sodium selenite is matched with polypeptide and folic acid, so that the absorption rate of sodium selenite is greatly improved, and the aim of quickly improving the selenium content of crops is fulfilled. Therefore, the invention discloses a foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops, aiming at overcoming the problem of how to increase the absorptivity of sodium selenite sprayed on the foliar and rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention relates to a foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing selenium content of crops, which consists of folic acid, sodium selenite, a cockroach polypeptide mixture and deionized water. The four components are 0.999 part of folic acid, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 0.001 part of cockroach polypeptide mixture and 6 parts of deionized water, when in preparation, the deionized water is heated to 40-50 ℃, the hot deionized water is mixed with the sodium selenite, the mixture is stirred for 10-20 minutes to prepare sodium selenite solution, then the cockroach polypeptide mixture is added, the stirring is continued to prepare selenium peptide, the selenium peptide is poured into a closed stirrer with an electric stirring device inside, finally, the folic acid is added, the electric stirring is carried out for 30-60 minutes, and the liquid foliar application fertilizer raw liquid capable of rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops can be prepared.
The preparation method of the cockroach polypeptide mixture comprises the following steps: homogenizing 500g of cockroach dry powder with 4.5L of 0.5mol L of acetic acid solution, extracting overnight at 4 ℃, centrifuging and filtering to obtain 4L of cockroach polypeptide acid extract, and extracting the cockroach polypeptide acid extract by 2 processes, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: (1) extracting polypeptide by a heating chromatography method: taking 2L of the cockroach polypeptide acid extract, putting the 2L of cockroach polypeptide acid extract into a water bath kettle at 100 ℃ for water bath heat preservation for 50min, centrifuging the extract at 4 ℃ and 15000rmin for 40min, and collecting precipitate, wherein the heat-denatured protein is marked as precipitate A; freeze-drying the supernatant to obtain dry matter B, and then performing Sephadex G25 coarse column desalting chromatography, wherein the part of the dry matter B which is insoluble in 0.2molL acetic acid is marked as B0, and eluting peaks B1 and B2 are collected according to an elution curve; (2) extracting polypeptide by adopting an alginic acid adsorption method: adsorbing and extracting 2L of cockroach polypeptide acid extract with alginic acid according to methods such as Jie and the like (2006), collecting alginic acid adsorbed with polypeptide by using a Buchner funnel, and directly freeze-drying filtrate to obtain dry matter D; eluting alginic acid adsorbed polypeptide, salting out to obtain dry matter C, performing Sephadex G50 fine column gel chromatography, collecting the part of dry matter C insoluble in 0.2mol L acetic acid as precipitate C0, and collecting elution peaks C1-C11 according to the elution curve: fully equilibrating Sephadex G25 coarse column (26mm-1000mm) or Sephadex G50 fine (26mm-1000mm) with 0.2mol of acetic acid, dissolving the sample in 15mL of 0.2mol of acetic acid, centrifuging, collecting the precipitate and lyophilizing; and (3) loading the supernatant, eluting with 0.2mol L of acetic acid at a flow rate of 2mL min, monitoring at a wavelength of 280nm, collecting an elution peak according to an elution curve, and freeze-drying. In the two methods, the yield of the polypeptide extracted by the heating chromatography is higher than that of the alginic acid adsorption method, and because the antibacterial peptide is very stable to heat, a spray drying method can be adopted in large-scale production, so that the cost is further reduced. Among gel fillers, coarse type gels have a coarser particle size than fine type gels, and are used for desalting samples with a high flow rate and high separation efficiency. In order to simplify the process, the Sephadex G25 coarse extraction column can be directly used for chromatographic separation, and protein and non-protein components can be effectively separated while desalting, so that the process is simplified. Although the yield of the polypeptide extracted by the heating chromatography is slightly lower than that of the polypeptide extracted by the direct freeze-drying method, the exogenous protease degradation polypeptide can be effectively removed in the heating process, the inactivation of the polypeptide is avoided, and the quality and the stability of the product are favorably ensured.
The application method of the foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops comprises the following steps: 20-30 days before crops such as rice, corn, tomatoes and the like are harvested, a day which is clear or cloudy but has no rain in the next day is determined according to weather forecast, a sprayer or an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for uniformly spraying foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of the crops on plant leaves according to the proportion of 1:20, and the amount of the stock solution used per mu is 500 milliliters each time. Spray application precautions: the common use with pesticides is avoided; the product can be used at least 7 days after the medicine is taken; shaking up when in use; fourthly, the pesticide is selected to be sprayed in the afternoon of fine day; the product is diluted and then evenly sprayed on the leaves of the crops.
Collecting and processing a detection sample: taking corn as an example, most of the produced corn is directly harvested to corn cobs, and experimental samples are collected when the corn cobs are harvested. The experimental sample is collected with soil for the whole plant, the corn leaves, roots, stems, tassel, stick coatings, grains and rhizosphere soil are respectively placed in different self-sealing bags, the bags are placed in a refrigerator after being labeled, then 1 g of sample is taken in a laboratory, the sample is placed in a conical flask, 5ml of nitric acid is dripped in the conical flask, the conical flask is placed on a heating table to heat a nitrolysis sample at 200 ℃, a small amount of deionized water is added when the nitric acid is about to volatilize to the full bottom of the flask and is burnt until no nitric acid volatilizes, the time is about 1 hour, then the filtering is carried out, filtrate is remained, the deionized water is added in a graduated centrifuge tube to prepare a sample to be detected of 50 ml/sample, and then the sample is sent to a detection center to be detected by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
And (3) detection results:
from the above table, it can be seen that the selenium content in the whole corn is increased by spraying the foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of the crop, particularly the leaf blade is increased by 77 times, and the selenium content in the corn kernels and the corn stigma is increased by more than 5 times. If the corn can be made into the feed, the selenium content in the feed can be greatly improved, which provides a reliable foundation and a raw material source for the production of the selenium-rich feed.
In addition, the content of other components in the corn kernels is detected after the corn is ripe, and the following results are obtained:
from the table above, it can be seen that after the foliar fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops is used, the contents of dietary fiber and amylose which affect the corn taste in the experimental group of corn are greatly reduced, the dietary fiber is reduced by nearly half, and the amylose is also reduced by nearly one fourth, which is the main reason that the nutrient solution can improve the taste.
After the corn is matured, the content of other mineral elements in the corn grains is detected, and the following results are obtained:
from the table, after the foliar application fertilizer for quickly improving the selenium content of crops is sprayed, the K content and the Na content are reduced, but the contents of magnesium Mg, calcium Ca, iron Fe and zinc Zn elements are increased, particularly the contents of calcium Ca, iron Fe and zinc Zn are increased, so that the corn sprayed with the foliar application fertilizer for quickly improving the selenium content of crops is more beneficial to the health of people, and the use value of the corn is greatly increased.
The foliar application fertilizer for rapidly improving the selenium content of crops has the beneficial effects that the folic acid and cockroach polypeptide mixture is combined with the sodium selenite, so that the sodium selenite sprayed to the foliage of crops can rapidly enter the crop bodies and can be further rapidly converted into organic selenium required by people in the crop bodies, and the purposes of rapidly improving the absorptivity of the sodium selenite sprayed to the foliage and rapidly improving the selenium content of the crops are achieved. The foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and convenient use, and can rapidly increase the selenium content of crops after being applied.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a foliar-applied fertilizer applied to corn for rapidly increasing selenium content in crops according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of experiments in which foliar applied fertilizers for rapidly increasing selenium content of crops are applied to rice.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of experiments in which foliar applied fertilizers for rapidly increasing selenium content in crops are applied to tomatoes.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in the figure, the foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops consists of folic acid, sodium selenite, a cockroach polypeptide mixture and deionized water. The four components are 0.999 part of folic acid, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 0.001 part of cockroach polypeptide mixture and 6 parts of deionized water, when in preparation, the deionized water is heated to 40-50 ℃, the hot deionized water is mixed with the sodium selenite, the mixture is stirred for 10-20 minutes to prepare sodium selenite solution, then the cockroach polypeptide mixture is added, the stirring is continued to prepare selenium peptide, the selenium peptide is poured into a closed stirrer with an electric stirring device inside, finally, the folic acid is added, the electric stirring is carried out for 30-60 minutes, and the liquid foliar application fertilizer raw liquid capable of rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops can be prepared.
The preparation method of the cockroach polypeptide mixture comprises the following steps: homogenizing 500g of cockroach dry powder with 4.5L of 0.5mol L of acetic acid solution, extracting overnight at 4 ℃, centrifuging and filtering to obtain 4L of cockroach polypeptide acid extract, and extracting the cockroach polypeptide acid extract by 2 processes, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: (1) extracting polypeptide by a heating chromatography method: taking 2L of the cockroach polypeptide acid extract, putting the 2L of cockroach polypeptide acid extract into a water bath kettle at 100 ℃ for water bath heat preservation for 50min, centrifuging the extract at 4 ℃ and 15000rmin for 40min, and collecting precipitate, wherein the heat-denatured protein is marked as precipitate A; freeze-drying the supernatant to obtain dry matter B, and then performing Sephadex G25 coarse column desalting chromatography, wherein the part of the dry matter B which is insoluble in 0.2molL acetic acid is marked as B0, and eluting peaks B1 and B2 are collected according to an elution curve; (2) extracting polypeptide by adopting an alginic acid adsorption method: adsorbing and extracting 2L of cockroach polypeptide acid extract with alginic acid according to methods such as Jie and the like (2006), collecting alginic acid adsorbed with polypeptide by using a Buchner funnel, and directly freeze-drying filtrate to obtain dry matter D; eluting alginic acid adsorbed polypeptide, salting out to obtain dry matter C, performing Sephadex G50 fine column gel chromatography, collecting the part of dry matter C insoluble in 0.2mol L acetic acid as precipitate C0, and collecting elution peaks C1-C11 according to the elution curve: fully equilibrating Sephadex G25 coarse column (26mm-1000mm) or Sephadex G50 fine (26mm-1000mm) with 0.2mol of acetic acid, dissolving the sample in 15mL of 0.2mol of acetic acid, centrifuging, collecting the precipitate and lyophilizing; and (3) loading the supernatant, eluting with 0.2mol L of acetic acid at a flow rate of 2mL min, monitoring at a wavelength of 280nm, collecting an elution peak according to an elution curve, and freeze-drying. In the two methods, the yield of the polypeptide extracted by the heating chromatography is higher than that of the alginic acid adsorption method, and because the antibacterial peptide is very stable to heat, a spray drying method can be adopted in large-scale production, so that the cost is further reduced. Among gel fillers, coarse type gels have a coarser particle size than fine type gels, and are used for desalting samples with a high flow rate and high separation efficiency. In order to simplify the process, the Sephadex G25 coarse extraction column can be directly used for chromatographic separation, and protein and non-protein components can be effectively separated while desalting, so that the process is simplified. Although the yield of the polypeptide extracted by the heating chromatography is slightly lower than that of the polypeptide extracted by the direct freeze-drying method, the exogenous protease degradation polypeptide can be effectively removed in the heating process, the inactivation of the polypeptide is avoided, and the quality and the stability of the product are favorably ensured.
The application method of the foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops comprises the following steps: 20-30 days before crops such as rice, corn, tomatoes and the like are harvested, a day which is clear or cloudy but has no rain in the next day is determined according to weather forecast, a sprayer or an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for uniformly spraying foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of the crops on plant leaves according to the proportion of 1:20, and the amount of the stock solution used per mu is 500 milliliters each time. Spray application precautions: the common use with pesticides is avoided; the product can be used at least 7 days after the medicine is taken; shaking up when in use; fourthly, the pesticide is selected to be sprayed in the afternoon of fine day; the product is diluted and then evenly sprayed on the leaves of the crops.
Collecting and processing a detection sample: taking corn as an example, most of the produced corn is directly harvested to corn cobs, and experimental samples are collected when the corn cobs are harvested. The experimental sample is collected with soil for the whole plant, the corn leaves, roots, stems, tassel, stick coatings, grains and rhizosphere soil are respectively placed in different self-sealing bags, the bags are placed in a refrigerator after being labeled, then 1 g of sample is taken in a laboratory, the sample is placed in a conical flask, 5ml of nitric acid is dripped in the conical flask, the conical flask is placed on a heating table to heat a nitrolysis sample at 200 ℃, a small amount of deionized water is added when the nitric acid is about to volatilize to the full bottom of the flask and is burnt until no nitric acid volatilizes, the time is about 1 hour, then the filtering is carried out, filtrate is remained, the deionized water is added in a graduated centrifuge tube to prepare a sample to be detected of 50 ml/sample, and then the sample is sent to a detection center to be detected by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
And (3) detection results:
from the above table, it can be seen that the selenium content in the whole corn is increased by spraying the foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of the crop, particularly the leaf blade is increased by 77 times, and the selenium content in the corn kernels and the corn stigma is increased by more than 5 times. If the corn can be made into the feed, the selenium content in the feed can be greatly improved, which provides a reliable foundation and a raw material source for the production of the selenium-rich feed.
In addition, the content of other components in the corn kernels is detected after the corn is ripe, and the following results are obtained:
from the table above, it can be seen that after the foliar fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops is used, the contents of dietary fiber and amylose which affect the corn taste in the experimental group of corn are greatly reduced, the dietary fiber is reduced by nearly half, and the amylose is also reduced by nearly one fourth, which is the main reason that the nutrient solution can improve the taste.
After the corn is matured, the content of other mineral elements in the corn grains is detected, and the following results are obtained:
from the table, after the foliar application fertilizer for quickly improving the selenium content of crops is sprayed, the K content and the Na content are reduced, but the contents of magnesium Mg, calcium Ca, iron Fe and zinc Zn elements are increased, particularly the contents of calcium Ca, iron Fe and zinc Zn are increased, so that the corn sprayed with the foliar application fertilizer for quickly improving the selenium content of crops is more beneficial to the health of people, and the use value of the corn is greatly increased.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A foliar application fertilizer for rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops comprises folic acid, sodium selenite, a cockroach polypeptide mixture and deionized water, and is characterized in that: the ratio of folic acid, sodium selenite, cockroach polypeptide mixture and deionized water is 0.999 parts of folic acid, 2 parts of sodium selenite, 0.001 part of cockroach polypeptide mixture and 6 parts of deionized water, when in preparation, the deionized water is heated to 40-50 ℃, the hot deionized water is mixed with the sodium selenite, the mixture is stirred for 10-20 minutes to prepare sodium selenite solution, then the cockroach polypeptide mixture is added, the stirring is continued to prepare selenium peptide, the selenium peptide is poured into a closed stirrer with an electric stirring device inside, finally the folic acid is added, the electric stirring is carried out for 30-60 minutes, and the liquid foliar application fertilizer raw liquid capable of rapidly increasing the selenium content of crops can be prepared.
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