CN114230331A - 一种高性能永磁铁氧体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高性能永磁铁氧体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114230331A
CN114230331A CN202111656896.5A CN202111656896A CN114230331A CN 114230331 A CN114230331 A CN 114230331A CN 202111656896 A CN202111656896 A CN 202111656896A CN 114230331 A CN114230331 A CN 114230331A
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丁国栋
曹江平
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Guizhou Faraday Magnetoelectric Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种高性能永磁铁氧体及其制备方法,所述高性能永磁铁氧体包括以下组分:镧铈钕铁硼磁粉4~18wt%;固体樟脑1.1~1.6wt%;硬脂酸钙0.25~0.35wt%;余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性粉料。有益效果是,产品磁性能高、生产成本低,扩大了产品应用范围,并节约了稀土资源。该产品的制备方法,其工艺简单、方便,制备得到的产品一致性好、合格率高,且可有效保证产品的使用寿命。

Description

一种高性能永磁铁氧体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及磁性材料领域,特别涉及一种高性能永磁铁氧体及其制备方法。
背景技术
永磁铁氧体材料是产生磁场的功能材料。随着高技术产业的快速发展,对永磁铁氧体产品的性能指标提出了越来越高的要求。针对无人机、机器人、工业自动化控制设备及办公自动化、仪器仪表等产品,对所使用的永磁铁氧体性能指标要求为:剩磁Br≥4000Gs、内禀矫顽力Hcj≥4000(Oe)、磁能积BH(max) ≥4.0MGO。然而,目前市面上常规配方工艺制备的永磁铁氧体产品的性能指标与之差距较大,不能有效满足高技术产业的需求,只能采用高价位的稀土钕铁硼永磁产品,造成使用成本较高。
因此,如何设计一种高磁性能、低生产成本的永磁铁氧体,是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种高性能永磁铁氧体,其磁性能高、生产成本低,扩大了产品应用范围,并节约了稀土资源。
本发明的目的之二是提供上述高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其工艺简单、方便,制备得到的产品一致性好、合格率高,且可有效保证产品的使用寿命。
一种高性能永磁铁氧体,包括以下组分:镧铈钕铁硼磁粉4~18wt%;固体樟脑 1.1~1.6wt%;硬脂酸钙 0.25~0.35wt%;余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性粉料。
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:第一步、按镧铈钕铁硼磁粉4~18wt%;固体樟脑 1.1~1.6wt%;硬脂酸钙 0.25~0.35wt%;余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性粉料比例取料,混合均匀,得到混合粉料;第二步、所述混合粉料经内螺旋管送料至打散机进行制粉处理,得到混合原料;第三步,所述混合原料送至压力机进行成型处理,且成型过程中进行充磁、退磁处理,充磁电压为1200V,充磁时间为3s、退磁时间3s,密度≥5g/cm3,且浸入工业酒精无气泡时成型完毕,得到初产品;第四步、所述初产品送至旋转电窑进行烧结处理,旋转电窑沿长度方向分为十四个区间,第一个至第十个区间的温度由80℃逐级升温至1240℃,第十一个区间至第十四个区间的温度由1240℃逐级降至80℃,旋转电窑的转速为15~25Hz,得到出窑产品;第五步、所述出窑产品经研磨、烘干、抛光、充磁后得到目标产品。
优选,所述高性能永磁铁氧体包括以下组分:镧铈钕铁硼磁粉 8~15wt%;固体樟脑 1.1~1.6wt%;硬脂酸钙 0.25~0.35wt%;余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性粉料。
优选,所述镧铈钕铁硼磁粉的粒度≥10μm,且剩磁Br≥5600Gs、内禀矫顽力Hcj≥9000Oe、磁能积BH(max) ≥6.5MGO。
优选,所述锶钡铁氧体干压异性粉料的粒径≥0.85μm,且剩磁Br≥4000Gs、内禀矫顽力Hcj≥3100Oe、磁能积BH(max) ≥3.85MGO。
高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法优选,所述第二步中所述打散机的转速为2900r/min。
上述制备方法优选,所述第三步中所述压力机为液压压力机,压制压力为18MPa。
上述制备方法优选,所述第四步中所述旋转电窑的长度为40m,粗产品在温度≥400℃的区间匀速运行时间设定为2h。
上述制备方法优选,所述第五步中所述抛光的时间为15~20min,所述充磁的电压为600~1250v。
采用上述技术方案具有以下有益效果。
1、产品磁性能高、成本相对较低。产品配方通过适当添加钕铁硼永磁粉、碳酸锶、氧化镧等,提高了永磁铁氧体的各项性能指标,经检测:Br:4525Gs、Hcj:4136(Oe)、BH(max):4.238MGO, 这样的性能指标目前在同类产品尚属仅有,这一产品的配方成本大于普通铁氧体产品成本,但远远低于粘结钕铁硼和烧结钕铁硼产品成本,同时提升了产品附加值。
2、产品性能一致性好,成品合格率高。产品通过配方、制粉、压型、烧结、研磨等工序工艺优化、参数调整,产品表磁性能一致,外观几何尺寸一致,产品合格率提高至98%,超出了同行业95%的指标,提高了产品毛利率。
3、扩大了产品应用领域,节约了稀土资源。在高新技术行中包括用于无人机、机器人、各种工业自动化控制设备的伺服电机,它不需要很高磁性能即剩磁、内禀矫顽力、磁能积的指标,但普通铁氧体产品性能指标又不能满足,鉴于此,本发明以高端应用为切入口,以磁性能指标达到或超过Br≥4500Gs、Hcj≥4000(Oe)、BH(max) ≥4.0MGO为目标, 通过量试各项磁性能达到:Br:4525Gs、Hcj:4163(Oe)、BH(max) 4.238MGO,很好的滿足了高新技术产品应用,同节约了宝贵的稀土资源。
4、工艺特殊,产品使用寿命长。本发明在产品配方中添加的镧铈钕铁硼超细永磁粉,经过抗氧化处理和高温热退磁处理。所述抗氧化处理是经高湿处理,所述高温热退磁处理是对镧铈钕铁硼超细永磁粉进行精准温控作退磁处理,所述镧铈钕铁硼超细永磁粉是平均粒径D50/10um以内,所述平均粒径D50/10um以内是一种特殊研磨方法取得,以上的工艺有效的解决了钕镧铈铁硼磁粉与氧化铁红磁粉的混合,所产出产品不需要作防腐蚀处理,产品使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
本发明中,使用镧铈钕铁硼合金超细磁粉4~18 wt%为锶钡铁氧体干压异性细粉的重量比,不同的重量比配方其性能结果不同,以下实施例进行优化优选。
实施例1:
一、高性能永磁铁氧体配方工序为:以设备单批次产量核定为原料总量,取镧铈钕铁硼合金超细磁粉4~10 wt%、固体樟脑1.1~1.4 wt%、硬脂酸钙0.25~0.34 wt%、余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性细粉。
二、高性能永磁铁氧体制粉工序为:将上述混合物料一次性投入混料机中,控制混料机的转速为280转/分,混料时间为15分钟,然后放出,采用内螺旋管匀速送料至粉末打散机进行粉末打散,控制打散机的转速为2900转/分,即时打散、即时放出,转入压型待转区24小时后转入压型工序。
三、高性能永磁铁氧体压型工序为:将经过制粉工序的粉末经液压压力机压制成型,液压压力机是带有磁场取向装置的压制设备,压制成型是在压机装有指定规格模具中压制出的成型初产品,压制过程经过压制→充磁→保压→退磁→出模,所述压制压力为18MP,所述充磁电压为1200V,所述保压时间3秒,所述成型初产品:处观尺寸符合公差标准、压制密度达到5g/cm3、产品浸入工业酒精无气泡。符合要求定量装钵上架集中转入烧结工序。
四、高性能永磁铁氧体烧结工序为:将得到的成型初产品依批次号、产品大小有序排列转入电窑烧结成型,电窑是长40m的旋转电窑。所述电窑温区沿长度方向设定14个区域,第一个至第十个区间的温度由80℃逐级升温至1240℃,第十一个区间至第十四个区间的温度由1240℃逐级降至80℃,且粗产品在温度≥400℃的区间时间设定为2h。旋转电窑的运行速度的频率是根据产品大小不同确定为15~25HZ。出炉产品转入研磨工序。
五、高性能永磁铁氧体研磨工序为:出窑产品转入研磨定型,研磨定型是将不同产品转入有相对应工装、导轨、砂轮的研磨机进行定制化精准研磨。所述研磨机可以是单工位、双工位和多功位的多种规格型号,精准研磨是根据产品规格的几何尺寸进行研磨,研磨产量可以通过调节频率运行速度控制,运行速度是根据砂轮新旧调节,砂轮可以多返镀翻新使用。凡斜磨、分层、倒角大小头、轴高缺口、外R内研磨不均匀、有漏磨产品、两边R尺寸不一样、相差大,调机装砂轮内外R超标准公差等均为质量不合格,必须调试达标后生产,研磨合格产品转入拋光、充磁、分选工序。
六、高性能永磁铁氧体拋光、充磁、分选工序为:将所述研磨产品进行烘干→抛光→充磁→分选。所述烘干是将研磨产品在烘干机上作烘干处理。所述拋光是将烘干后的产品在拋光机上进行抛光处理,所述抛光处理是釆用木榍加少许废机械油后,将烘干后的产品加入进抛光,所述抛光机是高频振动式设备,所述高频是可以调整频率大小的振动抛光方式,所述振动抛光的时间根据产品拋光的程度确定,所述拋光的程度确定是要求产品表面光滑、不粘油渍、不粘木榍,一般确定为15~20分钟。所述充磁是将抛光后的产品在充磁机上进行充磁,所述充磁机是一种全自动充磁设备,所述全自动充磁设备是在充磁机上配套有振动下料盘、多个产品集约充磁工装和自动落料控制装置,所述充磁电压为600~1250V不等,根据客户需要可以是饱和充磁和不饱和充磁两种方式,充磁产品区分S极和N极充磁,两磁极产品同等数量分别存放。所述分选是对产品在充磁后,其中存有的不良品、碎屑通过人工方式取出,所述不良品是指产品有破损、开裂、超厚、超宽等不良,分选后的产品有序排列、定量装箱。
经检测,制备得到的高性能永磁铁氧体产品,经检测,剩磁Br为4068Gs、内禀矫顽力Hcj为4013Oe、磁能积BH(max) 为4.087MGO。
结论:本实施例性能提升明显,但距诸多行业产品高端应用有差距。
实施例2:
一、高性能永磁铁氧体配方工序为:以设备单批次产量核定为原料总量,取镧铈钕铁硼合金超细磁粉6~14wt%、固体樟脑1.2~1.4wt%、硬脂酸钙0.26~0.33wt%、余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性细粉。
二、高性能永磁铁氧体的其他工序、工艺同实施例1,经检测,剩磁Br为4525Gs、内禀矫顽力Hcj为4163Oe、磁能积BH(max) 为4.238MGO。
结论:本实施例性能指标佳,可实现诸多行业产品高端应用。
实施例3:
一、高性能永磁铁氧体配方工序为:以设备单批次产量核定为原料总量,取镧铈钕铁硼合金超细磁粉10~18wt%、固体樟脑1.3~1.6wt%、硬脂酸钙0.27~0.35wt%、余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性细粉。
二、高性能永磁铁氧体的其他工序、工艺同实施例1,经检测,剩磁Br为4672Gs、内禀矫顽力Hcj为4188Oe、磁能积BH(max) 为4.273MGO。
结论:本实施例性能指标佳,可实现诸多行业产品高端应用,但因添加镧铈钕铁硼合金超细磁粉重量比增加、成本增加,而产品内禀矫顽力Hcj 、磁能积BH(max) 两项指标提升不明显。
综上实施例1~3,本发明以实施例2为结果,实行产业化应用。

Claims (7)

1.一种高性能永磁铁氧体,其特征在于,所述高性能永磁铁氧体包括以下组分:镧铈钕铁硼磁粉4~18wt%;固体樟脑 1.1~1.6wt%;硬脂酸钙 0.25~0.35wt%;余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性粉料。
2.一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:第一步、按镧铈钕铁硼磁粉4~18wt%;固体樟脑 1.1~1.6wt%;硬脂酸钙 0.25~0.35wt%;余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性粉料比例取料,混合均匀,得到混合粉料;第二步、所述混合粉料经内螺旋管送料至打散机进行制粉处理,得到混合原料;第三步,所述混合原料送至压力机进行成型处理,且成型过程中进行充磁、退磁处理,充磁电压为1200v,充磁时间为3s、退磁时间3s,密度≥5g/cm3,且浸入工业酒精无气泡时成型完毕,得到初产品;第四步、所述初产品送至旋转电窑进行烧结处理,旋转电窑沿长度方向分为十四个区间,第一个至第十个区间的温度由80℃逐级升温至1240℃,第十一个区间至第十四个区间的温度由1240℃逐级降至80℃,旋转电窑的转速为15~25Hz,得到出窑产品;第五步、所述出窑产品经研磨、烘干、抛光、充磁后得到目标产品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高性能永磁铁氧体,其特征在于,包括以下组分:镧铈钕铁硼磁粉 8~15wt%;固体樟脑 1.1~1.6wt%;硬脂酸钙 0.25~0.35wt%;余量为锶钡铁氧体干压异性粉料。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二步中所述打散机的转速为2900r/min。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第三步中所述压力机为液压压力机,压制压力为18MPa。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第四步中所述旋转电窑的长度为40m,粗产品在温度≥400℃的区间匀速运行时间设定为2h。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第五步中所述抛光的时间为15-20min,所述充磁的电压为600~1250v。
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CN103304229A (zh) * 2013-06-14 2013-09-18 南通飞来福磁铁有限公司 高取向度干压永磁铁氧体成型工艺
CN108847326A (zh) * 2018-06-29 2018-11-20 江苏新旭磁电科技有限公司 一种高性能永磁铁氧体产品及其制备方法
CN112614688A (zh) * 2020-12-22 2021-04-06 江苏巨鑫磁业有限公司 一种高性能永磁铁氧体产品的制备方法

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CN103304229A (zh) * 2013-06-14 2013-09-18 南通飞来福磁铁有限公司 高取向度干压永磁铁氧体成型工艺
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