CN114208853B - Combined preparation and system for preventing and treating thrips and application thereof - Google Patents

Combined preparation and system for preventing and treating thrips and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114208853B
CN114208853B CN202210157558.5A CN202210157558A CN114208853B CN 114208853 B CN114208853 B CN 114208853B CN 202210157558 A CN202210157558 A CN 202210157558A CN 114208853 B CN114208853 B CN 114208853B
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thrips
attractant
beauveria bassiana
food attractant
food
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CN114208853A (en
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王海鸿
刘胜
雷仲仁
王帅宇
王登杰
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Institute of Plant Protection of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Plant Protection of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
    • A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N31/16—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system with two or more oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof, directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. acetophenone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
    • A01M2200/01—Insects
    • A01M2200/012—Flying insects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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Abstract

The invention discloses a combined preparation of thrips, a system and application thereof, wherein the combined preparation comprises beauveria bassiana and a food attractant, the food attractant and the beauveria bassiana are used in a combined way and are mixed or not mixed, on the basis of increasing the attraction amount to the thrips, the germination of conidia of the beauveria bassiana is not influenced, so that the propagation efficiency of the thrips to the beauveria bassiana is improved, and the continuous biological control effect is achieved.

Description

Combined preparation and system for preventing and treating thrips and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biological control, and particularly relates to a combined preparation and system for controlling thrips and application thereof.
Background
Thrips belongs to the order of the Thysanoptera (Thysanoptera) and is an extremely aggressive worldwide pest, with the common thrips being thrips melonis, thrips tabaci, thrips oryzae, thrips sieboldii, and thrips flavivis, among others. The insect is widely distributed around the world, has complicated feeding property, mainly includes phytophagy, fungus feeding property and predation property, wherein the phytophagy property accounts for more than half of the total number of the insect pests, and is one of important economic pests. Thrips poses a serious hazard to many agricultural, horticultural and commercial crops by feeding, laying eggs and spreading viruses. Because the thrips is small in size and hidden in life habits, the control is difficult. Chemical agents are commonly used for controlling thrips at present, but the chemical agents are not friendly to the environment and cause the continuous increase of resistance of thrips populations, and are not sustainable.
Entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (balsamo) VuilleminBeauveria bassiana (balls.) Vuill is an important group of fungi that control thrips. The most common application of entomopathogenic fungi is by submerged spraying. However, the duration of fungal conidia on the leaves is short due to environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays, temperature, and rainfall. For example, Ekesi et al report that conidia of Beauveria bassiana can only last 3-4 days on cowpea leaves. The field spores have short duration and need to be frequently used in a short period, thereby causing higher inoculation requirements and cost. Fungal inocula can be transmitted between infected insects and healthy individuals, e.g. liriomyza virescensLiriomyza huidobrensisAfter 5d into the metarhizium added device, 98.2% of the individuals died. In the field cage experiment, fruit flyCeratitis rosaAndC. fasciventrisafter being drawn into a device containing Metarhizium anisopliae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 70-93% of the individuals died. At present, fungal preparations specific for thrips are commercialized (Zhongbao Jiduobao)®Beijing, Bao Lu agricultural science and technology group), has achieved better control effect on thrips on various crops.
At present, there are many reports related to the use of Beauveria bassiana for the prevention and treatment of thrips, for example, patent CN104212724A and patent CN104263655A disclose two Beauveria bassiana strains SCWJ-2 and GZGY-1-3, which can be used for preparing a biocontrol agent for the prevention and treatment of Frankliniella occidentalis; for example, patent CN106135295A discloses a thrips preventing and treating agent and its application, including using beauveria bassiana, synergist and talcum powder and two kinds of preventing and treating agents of beauveria bassiana, chlorantraniliprole and talcum powder to prevent and treat thrips; patent CN111165485A discloses a diatomite-beauveria bassiana pesticide composition and application thereof, which can be used for preventing and treating frankliniella occidentalis and tea yellow thrips; it is also disclosed in patent CN113142244A that beauveria bassiana SB063 and spinetoram produce a significant synergistic effect on the poisoning effect of common thrips.
A phagostimulant (also called as a plant-source attractant) developed based on preference of phytophagous pests on food sources or volatiles thereof is another important class of green pest control products. The phytophagous insects can find suitable and favorite food according to the qualitative and quantitative composition of plant volatile matters. For example, the attractant activity towards Frankliniella occidentalis could be greatly improved by applying only one plant volatile to the attractant plate compared to the control (Liangxing Hui and Lei Zhong ren, the behavioral regulation of Frankliniella occidentalis by semiochemicals and their application Chinese vegetables, 2010, (22): 11-15.). A large number of indoor and outdoor researches show that benzene compounds comprise benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and methyl anthranilate; the floral-scented substances, including geraniol, linalool and methyl nicotinate, have obvious attraction activity or synergistic effect on various thrips, such as Frankliniella occidentalis and the like.
There have been studies on the combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and food attractant for controlling thrips, for example patent CN110250224A discloses a preparation for controlling thrips occidentalis on vegetables, which comprises plant-derived extracts, an attractant, nutrients and complex bacteria, i.e. beauveria bassiana and streptomyces avermitilis, wherein the complex bacteria are irradiated for 40s at a distance of 50cm using a 30w ultraviolet lamp to obtain a mutagenized bacteria solution.
The use of ultraviolet mutagenesis may cause the fatigue effect of the mutagen, the performance is unstable, in the actual production, the strain mutagenesis needs to be carried out by adopting a method of combining and cross-using several mutagens, the prevention and control cost is increased, and in the using process, the partial feeding attractant is also found to have adverse effect on the germination of the fungus.
Therefore, it is of great importance to find a new method for combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and a phagostimulant, or a phagostimulant that does not affect the germination of conidia of the fungi.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides a simple, feasible and efficient method for controlling thrips by combining the fungus product with the infectious property and the transmission potential and the food attractant with the attraction effect on the thrips. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
in a first aspect of the invention, a combined preparation for controlling thrips is provided, which comprises beauveria bassiana and a food attractant.
Preferably, the thrips include but are not limited to Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalisPergande), herba Alii Fistulosi (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips alliorumPriesner), thrips oryzae (A)Chloethrips oryzaeWil., Frankliniella occidentalis (Willd.), (Frankliniella intonsaTrybom), thrips tabaci (A.Merr. (B.T.)Scirtothrips dorsalisHood), thrips tabaci (A.B.)Thrips tabaciLindeman, herba seu radix Cirsii Japonici (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips flavusSchrank), yellow thrips Oceana (C.J.)Thrips flavidulusBagnall), Frankliniella brevis (A)Thrips brevicornisPriesner), thrips palmi, (Thrips palmiKarny), tea stick thrips (A), (B), (C)Dendrothrips minowaiPriesner), common thrips (Megalurothrips usitatusBagnall) and/or Guaranthus (Guaranthus)Thrips flevasSchrank), and the like.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the thrips is Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande）。
Preferably, the combined preparation is a mixture, or the beauveria bassiana and the phagostimulant are separately and independently packaged.
Preferably, the combined preparation is a mixture, and the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant are uniformly mixed.
Preferably, the combined preparation is separately packaged, i.e. the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant are not mixed, and are separately packaged, and can be separately placed or mixed to be placed at the time of use.
More preferably, the combined preparation is packaged separately and independently, and before use, the ratio of beauveria bassiana: the food attractant is prepared from (1-5): 1 and mixing.
Preferably, the content of the beauveria bassiana is 1-5g, the content of the food attractant is 1-5g, and preferably, the beauveria bassiana is 100-200 hundred million spores/g.
Preferably, the food attractant comprises an attractant substance.
Preferably, the attractant substance comprises one or more of eugenol, nerol, benzaldehyde, methyl isonicotinate, pollen typhae, ethyl isonicotinate and/or ethyl nicotinate, and more preferably, the attractant substance comprises methyl isonicotinate and/or pollen typhae.
Preferably, the food attractant may further comprise a slow release synergist comprising one or more of vegetable oil, butter, honey, paraffin oil, glycerol, petrolatum and/or animal oil.
More preferably, the food attractant comprises 5-100% of an attractant substance and 0-95% of a slow-release synergist.
Preferably, the food attractant may also include plant volatile secondary materials and/or nutrients.
Preferably, the plant volatile secondary substances comprise geraniol, terpineol, linalool and/or anisaldehyde, and further preferably, the content of the plant volatile secondary substances in the food attractant is 0-3%.
Preferably, the nutrient substances comprise honey, glucose and/or corn steep liquor, and further preferably, the content of the nutrient substances in the food attractant is 0-10%.
More preferably, the food attractant comprises 5-100%, the slow release synergist 0-95%, the plant volatile secondary substances 0-3%, and the nutrient substances 0-10%.
Preferably, the food attractant inhibits germination of beauveria bassiana or the food attractant does not affect germination of beauveria bassiana.
More preferably, the food attractant inhibits germination of beauveria bassiana, and the food attractant and the beauveria bassiana are separately and independently packaged.
More preferably, the food attractant does not affect the germination of beauveria bassiana, and the food attractant and beauveria bassiana are mixed or separately and independently packaged.
Preferably, the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant in the combined preparation are separately packaged when the attractant substance comprises methyl isonicotinate, and are mixed or separately packaged when the attractant substance comprises pollen typhae.
Preferably, no other strains are included in the combined preparation.
Preferably, no other insecticides useful in thrips are included in the combined preparation.
More preferably, the combined preparation consists of beauveria bassiana and a food attractant.
In one embodiment of the invention, the food attractant comprises:
10% methyl isonicotinate and 90% vegetable soybean oil;
10% methyl isonicotinate, 89% butter and 1.0% geraniol; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
90% of methyl isonicotinate, 8% of eugenol, 2% of anisaldehyde,
the food attractant inhibits the germination of the beauveria bassiana, and the food attractant and the beauveria bassiana are separately and independently packaged.
In one embodiment of the invention, the food attractant comprises 1-5g pollen typhae, the food attractant does not affect the germination of beauveria bassiana, and the food attractant and beauveria bassiana are mixed or separately and independently packaged.
The contents are mass ratios.
In a second aspect of the invention there is provided a device for controlling thrips, said device being adapted to receive a co-formulation according to any of the above, said device comprising a container and a lid, said device being provided with an aperture to facilitate ingress and egress of thrips.
Preferably, the aperture is a plurality of fine apertures. The holes are arranged around the container. More preferably, the container is further provided with a plurality of perforations around the container to facilitate air circulation.
Preferably, the device is made of any material, and further preferably, the material is a waterproof material.
Preferably, the device is sized to accommodate the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant at a spacing, and more preferably, the spacing is at least 20 cm.
Preferably, the thrips include but are not limited to Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalisPergande), herba Cirsii Japonici (herba Cirsii Japonici: (A), (B), (C) and C)Thrips alliorumPriesner), thrips oryzae (A)Chloethrips oryzaeWil., Frankliniella occidentalis (Willd.), (Frankliniella intonsaTrybom), thrips tabaci (A.Merr. (B.T.)Scirtothrips dorsalisHood), thrips tabaci (A.B.)Thrips tabaciLindeman, herba seu radix Cirsii Japonici (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips flavusSchrank), yellow thrips Oceana (C.J.)Thrips flavidulusBagnall), Frankliniella brevis (A)Thrips brevicornisPriesner), thrips palmi, (Thrips palmiKarny), tea stick thrips (A), (B), (C)Dendrothrips minowaiPriesner), common thrips (A.B.)Megalurothrips usitatusBagnall) and/or Guaranthus (Guaranthus)Thrips flevasSchrank), and the like.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the thrips is Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande）。
In a third aspect of the invention, a system for controlling thrips is provided.
Preferably, the system comprises the combined preparation described above and the device described above.
Preferably, the thrips include but are not limited to Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalisPergande), herba Alii Fistulosi (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips alliorumPriesner), thrips oryzae (A)Chloethrips oryzaeWil., Frankliniella occidentalis (Willd.), (Frankliniella intonsaTrybom), thrips tabaci (A.Merr. (B.T.)Scirtothrips dorsalisHood), thrips tabaci (A.B.)Thrips tabaciLindeman, herba seu radix Cirsii Japonici (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips flavusSchrank), yellow thrips Oceana (C.J.)Thrips flavidulusBagnall), Frankliniella brevis (A)Thrips brevicornisPriesner), thrips palmi, (Thrips palmiKarny), tea stick thrips (A), (B), (C)Dendrothrips minowaiPriesner), common thrips (Megalurothrips usitatusBagnall) and/or Guaranthus (Guaranthus)Thrips flevasSchrank), and the like.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the thrips is Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande）。
In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a combination as described above, a device as described above or a system as described above for the control of thrips.
Preferably, the thrips include but are not limited to Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalisPergande), herba Alii Fistulosi (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips alliorumPriesner), thrips oryzae (A)Chloethrips oryzaeWil., Frankliniella occidentalis (Willd.), (Frankliniella intonsaTrybom), thrips tabaci (A.Merr. (B.T.)Scirtothrips dorsalisHood), thrips tabaci (A.B.)Thrips tabaciLindeman, herba seu radix Cirsii Japonici (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips flavusSchrank), yellow thrips Oceana (C.J.)Thrips flavidulusBagnall), Frankliniella brevis (A)Thrips brevicornisPriesner), thrips palmi, (Thrips palmiKarny), tea stick thrips (A), (B), (C)Dendrothrips minowaiPriesner), common thrips (Megalurothrips usitatusBagnall) and/or Guaranthus (Guaranthus)Thrips flevasSchrank), and the like.
In one embodiment of the invention, the thrips is Frankliniella occidentalis (A), (B), (C) and (C)Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande）。
In a fifth aspect of the invention, a method of controlling thrips is provided.
Preferably, the thrips include but are not limited to Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalisPergande), herba Alii Fistulosi (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips alliorumPriesner), thrips oryzae (A)Chloethrips oryzaeWil., Frankliniella occidentalis (Willd.), (Frankliniella intonsaTrybom), thrips tabaci (A.Merr. (B.T.)Scirtothrips dorsalisHood), thrips tabaci (A.B.)Thrips tabaciLindeman, herba seu radix Cirsii Japonici (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips flavusSchrank), yellow thrips Oceana (C.J.)Thrips flavidulusBagnall), Frankliniella brevis (A)Thrips brevicornisPriesner), thrips palmi, (Thrips palmiKarny), tea stick thrips (A), (B), (C)Dendrothrips minowaiPriesner), common thrips (Megalurothrips usitatusBagnall) and/or Guaranthus (Guaranthus)Thrips flevasSchrank), and the like.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the thrips is Frankliniella occidentalis (A)Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande）。
Preferably, the method is a control with the above combination, the above device or the above system.
The food attractant inhibits the germination of the beauveria bassiana, the combined preparation is separately used, and the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant are placed at a certain distance; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the food attractant does not affect the germination of the beauveria bassiana, and the combined preparation is mixed or separately used.
Preferably, the combined preparation is used separately, and comprises beauveria bassiana in the device and the food attractant in or outside the device, further preferably, the food attractant is outside the device and is not more than 20cm from the device, more preferably, is not more than 10cm from the device, and further preferably, the food attractant is located around the device, i.e. 0cm from the device.
Preferably, when the combined preparation is mixed for use, the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant are mixed according to a certain proportion.
Preferably, when the combined preparation is used in a mixed way, the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant are mixed according to the ratio of (1-5): 1 are mixed and placed in a device, e.g., 1:1,2:1, 3:1,4:1,5:1, etc.
In one embodiment of the invention, the separately applied phagostimulant comprises methyl isonicotinate.
Preferably, the food attractant comprises pollen Typhae pollen, and the beauveria bassiana and the pollen Typhae pollen can be placed separately or in a mixed manner. More preferably, the pollen Typhae pollen can be placed inside or outside the device.
In one embodiment of the invention, the mixed food attractant comprises pollen Typhae 1-5 g.
Preferably, the time for the exchange of beauveria bassiana is more than 3 days, more preferably more than 6 days, such as more than 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 days and the like.
The terms "comprises" and "comprising" as used herein are intended to be open-ended terms that include the stated specified components or steps, as well as any other specified components or steps, which are not materially affected.
All combinations of items described herein as "and/or" including "connected by this term are to be considered as if each combination had been individually listed herein. For example, "A and/or B" encompasses "A", "A and B", and "B". As another example, "A, B and/or C" includes "A", "B", "C", "A and B", "A and C", "B and C", and "A and B and C".
Advantages of the present invention include, but are not limited to:
1) the combined preparation provided by the invention not only comprises the biological control of fungi, but also comprises the chemical induction, combines the advantages of the two, and aims to realize the environment-friendly green control of thrips by establishing an attraction-infection-spread (attracting-infecting-disetinate) system.
2) The combined preparation of the invention does not affect the germination of beauveria bassiana conidia on the basis of increasing the attraction amount to the thrips, thereby improving the propagation efficiency of the thrips to the beauveria bassiana and achieving the continuous biological control effect.
3) In the invention, the influence of the food attractant on fungus germination is comprehensively considered, and a suitable food attractant or a suitable use method is screened out, for example, when the food attractant has adverse influence on fungus germination, the combined preparation is packaged separately, so that the adverse influence of the food attractant on fungus spore germination is reduced, the lasting period of spores is increased, and the continuous biological control effect can be maintained without carrying out mutagenesis on beauveria bassiana, thereby avoiding frequent use of the fungus and higher inoculation requirement.
4) The device is arranged into a structure which can contain the combined preparation and is beneficial to the coming in and going out of the thrips, the combined preparation, especially the beauveria bassiana, can be protected, and the adverse effect of the external environment on the fungal preparation is avoided. Simultaneously, the size of device is fit for beauveria bassiana and eats the attractant and can place by certain distance at an interval, has avoided eating the inhibitory action of attractant to beauveria bassiana germination rate, also can prolong beauveria bassiana's effective use period.
5) In the using process, whether the food attractant has adverse effect on the germination of the conidia of the beauveria bassiana or not is combined, the conidia of the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant are mixed or placed at a certain distance, when the food attractant has adverse effect on the germination of the conidia of the beauveria bassiana, the food attractant and the beauveria bassiana are placed at a certain distance without direct contact, the adverse effect of the food attractant on the germination of the conidia of the beauveria bassiana is reduced to the maximum extent, and the lasting period of the spores of the beauveria bassiana can reach 15 days.
6) The thrips prevention and treatment method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, easy implementation and high efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the experimental design of the influence of the indoor food attractant distance on the germination of conidia of beauveria bassiana is shown, and H represents the vertical distance between the food attractant and a culture dish.
FIG. 2: the distance between the food attractant and the device in the automatic greenhouse inoculation device is schematically shown, wherein a diagram A shows that the food attractant is placed in the device, a diagram B shows that the vertical distance between the food attractant and the device is 0, 10 or 20cm, and a diagram C shows a control group without the food attractant.
FIG. 3: the distance between the food attractant and beauveria bassiana has influence on germination of conidiophores, and different letters (a, b, c and d) in the graph represent remarkable difference (P is less than 0.05); re，RaRespectively representing the influence of a feeding attractant or a non-feeding attractant in a closed environment on the germination of the conidia of the beauveria bassiana, wherein R20, R10 and R0 respectively represent that the distances between the feeding attractant and the conidia of the beauveria bassiana are respectively 20, 10 and 0cm, and CK is a control.
FIG. 4: the effect of pollen Typhae on spore germination of Beauveria bassiana.
FIG. 5: and detecting olfactory behavior reaction of Frankliniella occidentalis to pollen typhae, pollen pini and Beauveria bassiana spores.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1: preparation of conidia of beauveria bassiana and food attractant
1. Acquisition of conidia of beauveria bassiana
Beauveria bassiana conidia are taken from commercial Baojiduobao®(150 hundred million spores/gram Beauveria bassiana wettable powder, Beijing Zhongbao Green agricultural science and technology group, pesticide registration number: PD 20183086). Inoculating the spores to Goettel spore production medium (2% corn flour, 1% wheat bran, 0.5% peptone, 0.3% KH)2PO4，0.1％ MgSO4•7H2O，0.1％NH4NO32% agar, 1L distilled water), continuously culturing at 26 + -1 deg.C for 14d, and collecting the cultured spore powder. The conidia powder was suspended in sterilized 0.05% Tween-80 solution and inoculated into a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50mL of germination medium (4% glucose, 1% yeast extract) to a final concentration of 107spores/mL (determined by cytometry), 26 ℃, 180rpm, spin culture for 2 d. The germination solution was transferred to a 500mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 300mL of the germination solution, and the culture was continued for 1 day to prepare a mother solution. Soaking rice in boiled water for 20min, cleaning, draining, adding soybean oil (0.5% v/w), mixing, packaging, and autoclaving. Cooling in a clean bench, adding 15% mother liquor, and mixing. Folding the bag mouth, culturing in the dark for 3 days, opening the bag, culturing in the light, and growing light yellow spores on the surface of rice grains after 10 days, wherein the temperature is 26 ℃ during the culture. Transferring the rice culture bag into an oven at 30 deg.C, oven drying for 5 days, sieving the bacterium rice, and collecting spores.
2. Preparation of food attractant
The early-stage pre-experiment screened food attractant with the best attracting effect on the frankliniella occidentalis comprises the following components: attractant substance (eugenol/nerol/benzaldehyde/methyl isonicotinate/ethyl nicotinate); slow release synergists include (vegetable oil/butter oil/honey/paraffin oil/glycerin/petrolatum and/or animal oil); plant volatile secondary substances (geraniol/terpineol/linalool/anisaldehyde); nutrients (honey/glucose/corn steep liquor). For example:
scheme 1: 1ml of methyl isonicotinate;
scheme 2: 3ml of a food attractant, which comprises 10 percent of methyl isonicotinate and 90 percent of vegetable soybean oil;
scheme 3: 5ml of a food attractant comprising 10% methyl isonicotinate, 89% butter and 1.0% geraniol;
scheme 4: 4ml of food attractant comprising 90% of methyl isonicotinate, 8% of eugenol and 2% of anisaldehyde;
the above percentages are mass percentages.
Example 2: indoor experiment for detecting influence of food attractant on conidium germination of beauveria bassiana
0.01g of conidia powder of Beauveria bassiana (Beauveria bassiana), 150 hundred million spores/g, was weighed out and spread evenly on a cover glass (2.5X 2.5 cm) and transferred to a petri dish (12cm) containing water agar (2% w/v). 0.3ml of the appetizing attractant of scheme 2 was packed into a non-woven bag (3X 4cm, Weifang Jinnong) for future use.
Indoor open space (see fig. 1 left image): set up R0， R10，R20Three groups (the distance between the food attractant and the conidium is 0, 10 and 20cm) respectively represent that the vertical distance between the food attractant and a culture dish (with the conidium) is 0, 10 and 20cm, a non-woven bag filled with the food attractant is hung right above the culture dish, and the non-hung food attractant is used as a control. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.
Closed space (see fig. 1 right picture): placing the culture dish (with conidium) in sterilized sealed plastic cylindrical box (diameter 15cm, height 15cm), placing food attractant R in the boxeThe non-feeding attractant is Ra. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.
After 24h, the cover slips with conidia were transferred to a 15mL centrifuge tube containing 2mL sterile 0.05% Tween-80 solution, vortexed for 30s, and the conidia were eluted. 500 mul of spore eluate was transferred to 4.5mL of sterile germination solution (glucose 4%, yeast powder 1%), and sealed with a sealing film. Culturing at 26 deg.C and 180rpm under rotary shaking for 18 h. And (3) counting the spore germination rate by adopting a blood counting plate method, regarding the spore germination rate as that the spore tube exceeds 1/2 of the spore diameter, and counting the germination conditions of at least 200 spores.
The results are shown in FIG. 3: in the indoor open space, along with conidia of beauveria bassiana and food baitIncrease in the distance between the agents, R0，R10，R20The germination rate of (A) is also significantly increased (PLess than 0.05), respectively 40.0%, 57.9% and 70.7%, and the germination rate of the control group is 71.7%. In a closed environment, ReGroup (22.5%) and RaGroups (95.1%) also differed significantly.
Example 3: field experiment evaluation of influence of distance between food attractant and device on Beauveria bassiana germination rate, thrips attraction amount and thrips obtaining amount on peripheral dwarfing
The field experiment is carried out in a greenhouse of lion Yingcun in Changping district, Beijing. Eggplant (Eisenia sorghi)Solanum melongenaThe fertilizer is planted in a greenhouse, no chemical insecticide is applied during the test period, and other management is normal. Through field trials, the effect of the distance of the phagostimulant (scheme 2) from the apparatus on beauveria bassiana germination rate, thrips attraction and thrips acquisition on peripheral dwarfing was evaluated.
The combined use of food attractant and beauveria bassiana used in this study is shown in figure 2. The middle parts of four side surfaces of a paper box (container) (10 multiplied by 15cm) are respectively provided with 1 big access hole (2 multiplied by 2cm), and the lower part is respectively provided with 4 small access holes (the diameter is 0.5 cm). A plastic cylinder (2X 10cm) wrapped with medical gauze is hung in the center of the paper box, and about 3g of beauveria bassiana conidia are uniformly distributed on the gauze. The uppermost of the four sides of the carton was affixed with a yellow sticker (2X 10cm, Guanren Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Bao Ji) to count the amount of thrips attracted. Set 5 treatments in the greenhouse, GdIndicating that a food attractant is placed in the device, G0，G10，G10Indicating that the food attractant is placed outside the device and has the distances of 0, 10 and 20cm from the device respectively, and CK is a control group without the food attractant. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The treatment was carried out in a completely random block design, the greenhouse was divided into 15 cells, and each two units were spaced about 5m apart to reduce interference between different treatments. The greenhouse experiment lasted for a total of 15d, investigated every 3 d.
(1) Germination rate of beauveria bassiana conidia
Dipping conidia in the device with a sterile cotton swab every 3d, cutting one end of the cotton swab dipped with the conidia, putting the cotton swab into a 1.5mL centrifuge tube containing 1mL0.05% Tween-80 solution, and performing vortex oscillation for 1 min to elute the conidia. And (3) transferring 500 mu L of eluent into a 15mL sterile centrifuge tube containing 4.5mL of germination solution, carrying out rotary shaking culture at 26 ℃ and 180rpm for 18h, and counting the germination rate of conidia.
Results as shown in table 1, the distance of the food attractant from the device had a significant effect on the germination rate of beauveria bassiana conidia. As shown in Table 1, GdGermination rate (23.4%) was significantly lower (food attractant placed in device) than other treatments G0(42.9%), G10（43.9%）, G20(46.5%) and control (45.7%), the latter four of which were not significantly different. The conidiophores germination rate decreased with time, and from 9d, the germination rate decreased significantly.
TABLE 1 Effect of phagostimulant distance on spore germination of Beauveria bassiana in devices
Figure 240323DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Note that the data were SPSS processed and the different letters (a, b) in the graph represent significant differences (P < 0.05).
(2) Attractive amount of Frankliniella occidentalis
And replacing the adhesive strips on the device every 3d, and counting the number of the frankliniella occidentalis on the adhesive strips.
The results are shown in Table 2, where the attraction of Frankliniella occidentalis on the treated devices was significantly higher than the control (50.2), where GdThe attraction of the thrips was 112.9, which was significantly lower than G0(230.9 only) and G10(178.7); g20The attraction of the thrips was 131.3, which was significantly lower than G0And G isdThere was no significant difference.
The amount of frankliniella occidentalis attraction on the device decreases with time, e.g. G03d (322.0), significantly higher than 9d (260.0), 12d (178.7) and 15d (129.3).
TABLE 2 influence of phagostimulant distance on the attractive volume of frankliniella occidentalis in the device
Figure 480811DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Note that the data were SPSS processed and the different letters (a, b, c, d) in the graph represent significant differences (P < 0.05).
The above results show that the food attractant has an attracting effect on frankliniella occidentalis whether placed inside or outside the device, with placement within 20cm being recommended for best results at the periphery of the device.
(3) Frankliniella occidentalis bacterial quantity
Randomly selecting 3 plants within 1m of the radius of the device, placing an enamel tray below the plants, lightly beating the plants to shake off the thrips, and transferring the plants into a 50mL centrifugal tube for temporary storage. For each treatment, 50 thrips were randomly selected, transferred to 1.5mL centrifuge tubes containing 1mL of 0.05% Tween-80 solution, vortexed and shaken for 2min to elute conidia attached to the thrips, and the number of the conidia was counted by a hemacytometer.
The results are shown in Table 3, regardless of Gd(1.70), or G0(2.80) surrounding the apparatus, G10(1.61) and G20(1.59) the amount of frankliniella occidentalis obtained was significantly higher than the control (0.46), and G was used0(2.80) the effect is best. Regardless of which group, the amount of frankliniella occidentalis acquired increases with time. For example, for G0For the groups, 3d (0.63) < 6 d (2.23) < 9d (2.73) < 12d (3.83) < 15d (4.57) in this order. The unit is 1X 104Spores/50.
TABLE 3 Effect of phagostimulant distance on the amount of thrips occidentalis acquired around the device
Figure 900291DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Note that the data were SPSS processed and the different letters (a, b, c) in the graph represent significant differences (P < 0.05).
From the above results, it was found that the amount of the thrips occidentalis in the experimental group was significantly different from that in the control group regardless of whether the food attractant was placed in the device or the device. G0The obtained amount of the strain is the highest, and simultaneously, the beauveria bassiana still has activity in 15 days due to the protection effect of the device on the beauveria bassiana. The attraction effect of different distances on spore germination rate and the attraction effect of the food attractant on the Frankliniella occidentalis are comprehensively considered, and when the food attractant has adverse effect on the Frankliniella occidentalis germination, the food attractant is recommended to be placed at a certain distance, for example, around the device. Of course, placement within the device, or within 20cm outside the device, is also possible.
The food attractant achieved substantially the same results using protocols 1, 3 and 4 in example 1.
Example 4: indoor experiment for detecting influence of pollen typhae on spore germination of beauveria bassiana
Respectively taking 0.1g of beauveria bassiana conidium powder and 0.1g of pollen typhae pollen, 1:1, uniformly mixing, standing at 26 ℃ for 24 hours, and measuring the germination rate of beauveria bassiana spores by using a blood counting plate method. Beauveria bassiana conidia without pollen typhae as a control.
The difference significance of the spore germination rates is calculated by utilizing independent sample T test, the results are shown in figure 4, the spore germination rates of the treated and the control are both up to 95%, and pollen typhae pollen has no significant influence on the spore germination of the beauveria bassiana.
Example 5: attraction effect of pollen Typhae on Frankliniella occidentalis
And measuring the olfactory action reaction of the frankliniella occidentalis to the substance to be measured by using a Y-type olfactometer. The included angle of the two arms of the Y-shaped transparent glass tube is 45 degrees, the length of the two arms and the base part is 10cm, and the inner diameter is 1 cm. The olfaction instrument system mainly comprises an atmospheric sampling instrument, activated carbon, distilled water, a sample loader, a gas flowmeter and a Y-shaped transparent glass tube, and the devices are connected by a medical silicone tube. The whole device is placed in a light-proof operating table, and a fluorescent lamp source (40W) is hung right above the internal Y-shaped tube.
During the experiment, the gas flow at both sides of the Y-shaped tube is 300 mL/min, and the substance to be detected (pollen Typhae, pollen Pini or Beauveria bassiana spore) is placed in the sample loader (the liquid substance absorbs 2 μ L to 1 cm)2On a filter paper sheet; taking 1g of solid matter, wrapping with non-woven cloth bag, and stabilizing for 20 min. Releasing thrips at the base of the Y-shaped transparent glass tubeObserve if thrips crossed an arm 1/3 and stayed for 5s within 3min, the number of unselected arms was not counted. Each test substance required 60 thrips to be tested, 10 of which were tested each time the Y-tube was replaced with a new one, and the sample loaders for treatment and control were exchanged to avoid position effects.
The SPSS software is used for carrying out chi-square test (chi 2) on the olfactory behavior reaction of the Frankliniella occidentalis, and the chi 2 and the P value are calculated, and the result is shown in figure 5, pollen typhae pollen has a remarkable attraction effect on the Frankliniella occidentalis, while pollen pini or beauveria bassiana spores have no effect on the Frankliniella occidentalis.
Example 6: evaluation of the Effect of the combination preparation comprising pollen Typhae on the amount of thrips on surrounding plants
5g of beauveria bassiana and pollen typhae pollen were mixed in different proportions and placed in the device (group 1, beauveria bassiana: pollen typhae = 1: 1), (group 2, beauveria bassiana: pollen typhae = 2: 1), (group 3, beauveria bassiana: pollen typhae = 3: 1), (group 4, beauveria bassiana: pollen typhae = 4: 1) and the control group (CK).
The measurement was performed by referring to the method for obtaining the amount of frankliniella occidentalis in example 3, and the results were as follows:
TABLE 4 influence of Beauveria bassiana and pollen Typhae ratio on the amount of acquired frankliniella occidentalis around the device
Figure 251638DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
From the above results, it was found that the number of spores of thrips on the peripheral plants was higher than that of the control group regardless of the ratio of pollen typhae to beauveria bassiana, and the amount of the spores obtained was gradually increased with the lapse of time. The pollen typhae pollen does not influence spore germination, can be mixed for use, and also shows that the device has a protective effect on beauveria bassiana.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for preventing and treating thrips is characterized in that a combined preparation is utilized for preventing and treating, the combined preparation comprises beauveria bassiana and a food attractant, the beauveria bassiana is 1-5g, the food attractant is 1-5g, the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant are separately and independently packaged in the combined preparation, the food attractant comprises an attractant substance,
(1) the attractant is selected from methyl isonicotinate, the combined preparation is separately used, the beauveria bassiana is placed in the device, the food attractant is placed outside the device, and the distance between the food attractant and the device is not more than 20 cm; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
(2) the attractant is selected from pollen Typhae, the combined preparation is used in a mixed way, and the beauveria bassiana and the food attractant are used according to the ratio of (1-5): 1 and mixing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said thrips comprises thrips occidentalis (thrips palmi: (i) (ii)) jaFrankliniella occidentalisPergande), herba Alii Fistulosi (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips alliorumPriesner), thrips oryzae (A)Chloethrips oryzaeWilla, Frankliniella occidentalis (Willd.), (Frankliniella occidentalis)Frankliniella intonsaTrybom), thrips tabaci (A.Merr. (B.T.)Scirtothrips dorsalisHood), thrips tabaci (L.) MerrThrips tabaciLindeman, herba seu radix Cirsii Japonici (herba Cirsii Japonici)Thrips flavusSchrank), yellow thrips Oceana (C.J.)Thrips flavidulusBagnall), Frankliniella brevis (A)Thrips brevicornisPriesner), Cynara scolymusHorse (A)Thrips palmiKarny), tea stick thrips (A), (B), (C)Dendrothrips minowaiPriesner), common thrips (Megalurothrips usitatusBagnall) and/or Guarathrips: (A), (B), (C), (D) and D)Thrips flevas Schrank）。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the food attractant further comprises a slow release synergist, wherein the food attractant comprises 5-100% of an attractant substance and 0-95% of a slow release synergist, and the percentages are by mass.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the food attractant further comprises plant volatile secondary matter and/or nutrients.
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