CN115336582B - Thrips insect attracting device and preventing and controlling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thrips insect attracting device and a control method. The inventor prefers 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde to be used as compounds with better thrips attracting effect for preparing thrips attracting devices. In addition, the inventor finds that the shape, the color, the placement height, the placement direction and the like of the thrips insect attracting device influence the control effect based on experiments, and provides an optimized thrips control method based on the method, so that a better solution is provided for controlling the greenhouse and the field of thrips.

Description

Thrips insect attracting device and preventing and controlling method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of pest control, and particularly relates to a thrips attractant and application thereof in preparation of products for controlling thrips.

Background

Besides directly damaging plants through feeding and spawning, thrips can indirectly damage the plants through spreading plant viruses, are important agricultural pests, have the characteristics of tiny bodies, hidden harmful effects, strong reproductive capacity, strong drug resistance and the like, and have the characteristics of biological characteristics of thrips and strong resistance to various chemical pesticides, so that the thrips are difficult to control. The research on insect chemical ecology and development of insect behavior regulators are important components of IPM, so that the preferential and non-preferential hosts of thrips are known, thrips attractant compositions are screened and optimized, in addition, the responses to visual and olfactory signals in the positioning process of frankliniella occidentalis are required to be studied, and the effects of the two in thrips positioning are clear, so that early monitoring and treatment of thrips are facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a thrips insect attracting device and a control method for agricultural application, so as to improve trapping and control effects on the thistle.

The thrips insect attracting device comprises an attractant, wherein the efficacy components of the attractant comprise one or more of the following components: the concentration of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde is 0.1-10%, the concentration of cinnamaldehyde is 0.1-10%, and the concentration of methyl cinnamate is 0.1-10%.

Further, the effective components of the thrips attractant are 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate and 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate, preferably, the volume ratio of the 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde composition is 1:1, and the volume ratio of the cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate composition is 1:1; the volume ratio of the 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate composition is 1:1:1.

Further, the thrips insect attracting device comprises an insect sticking plate and an attracting core; optionally, the attracting core comprises a slow release material, and the slow release material is a filter cotton roll, a slow release vial or a plant source pheromone carrier slow release rubber.

Further, the shape of the insect sticking plate is flower-shaped;

optionally, the color of the armyworm plate is blue or white.

Further, the application of thrips attractant in preparing and controlling leguminous crops, cucurbitaceae crops, solanaceae crops, gramineae crops, lily crops, mango and/or banana crops, and at once;

optionally, the thrips are frankliniella occidentalis or thrips tabaci.

A method for controlling thrips, the method comprising:

(a) Placing thrips insect attracting devices at intervals of a preset distance: placing the thrips insect attracting device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 at predetermined distance intervals in a greenhouse or a field; optionally, the predetermined distance is 50-200cm.

(b) The thrips prevention and treatment products are replaced regularly, preferably, the replacement period of the thrips prevention and treatment products is adjusted according to seasons, the replacement period in summer is 1-3 days, the replacement period in spring is 3-5 days, and the replacement period in autumn is 3-7 days; preferably, the replacement period of the thrips prevention and treatment product is adjusted according to whether the plant is in the flowering phase or the non-flowering phase, and the replacement period is shortened in the flowering phase; preferably, the replacement period of the thrips prevention and treatment product is adjusted according to the temperature of a greenhouse or a field, and the replacement period is shortened at a high temperature (more than 30 or 35 ℃).

(c) Placing thrips repellent products at predetermined distance intervals: placing thrips repellent products at intervals of thrips control products in a greenhouse or a field at a preset distance, wherein the thrips control products comprise thrips repellent plates, and the thrips repellent products contain ocimene and/or beta-caryophyllene; optionally, thrips prevention products are placed at the middle positions of the thrips prevention products at intervals; optionally, the concentration of the ocimene is 5-10%, and optionally, the concentration of the beta-caryophyllene is 1-10%.

(d) The thrips insect attracting device and/or the repelling products are placed at a preset height, wherein the preset height is 40cm above and below the top of the plant, and preferably, the preset height is 20cm above and below the top of the plant.

(e) The thrips insect attracting device and/or the product are/is prevented and treated in a preset direction, wherein the preset direction is east-west direction.

The invention has the technical advantages that:

1 the application prepares the thrips insect attracting device by taking 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde as attractants;

2 the application finds that the shape and the color of the thrips insect attracting device influence the thrips prevention and treatment effect, the color is blue or white, the prevention and the treatment are facilitated, and the shape is flower-shaped, so that the prevention and the treatment are facilitated;

3, the height and the direction of the thrips insect attracting device are found to influence the thrips prevention and treatment effect, and the east-west direction prevention and treatment effect is good;

4, comparing the flowering period with the non-flowering period, finding that the population quantity of the two thrips is obviously higher than that of the non-flowering period in the plant flowering period, simultaneously comparing the slow release conditions of the attractants in different seasons, finding that the adjustment of the replacement period of the thrips prevention and treatment product is needed according to seasons during thrips prevention and treatment, and providing technical guidance for optimizing the thrips prevention and treatment method by screening the conditions;

the application adopts a thrips attractant or repellent combination mode to prevent and treat thrips, and utilizes the pushing force of the repellent (ocimene and/or beta-caryophyllene) and the pulling force of the attractant (4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, methyl cinnamate, methyl benzoate, eugenol, phenethyl alcohol, phenethyl acetate and benzaldehyde) to form pushing-pulling force so as to realize effective prevention and treatment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of greenhouse trapping effect of plant volatiles on frankliniella occidentalis, numbered test compounds and corresponding numbers to Table 5-2, wherein number 3 represents 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, number 4 represents cinnamaldehyde, and number 5 represents nerol; number 6 represents (Z) -3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal; number 7 represents methyl cinnamate; number 8 represents trans linalool oxide; number 9 represents methyl 4-ethylbenzoate; number 10 represents β -caryophyllene; number 11 represents DMNT; number 12 represents methyl salicylate; number 13 represents methyl benzoate; number 14 represents (E) -3-hexen-1-ol acetate; number 15 represents eugenol number 16 represents phenylacetaldehyde; number 17 represents phenethyl alcohol; number 18 represents (Z) -3-hexenol isovalerate; number 19 represents phenethyl acetate; number 20 represents benzaldehyde;

FIG. 2 is the greenhouse trapping effect of compounds on thrips adults, wherein CK blank, water; CA cinnamaldehyde; MC methyl laurate; ebal 4-ethylbenzaldehyde;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the field trapping effect of compounds on adult thrips; wherein, CK blank control; MI isonicotinic acid methyl ester; CA cinnamaldehyde; MC methyl cinnamate; ebal 4-ethylbenzaldehyde;

fig. 4 is the attracting effect of different compound combinations on frankliniella occidentalis (a) and frankliniella tabaci (b), wherein: "+" indicates addition of the compound; "-" means that the compound is absent (Ebal: 4-ethylbenzaldehyde; CD: cinnamaldehyde; MC: methyl cinnamate; MI: methyl isonicotinate) (Tukey's HSD, P < 0.05);

FIG. 5 effect of temperature and release material on volatilization rate, wherein: ebal 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, CD cinnamic aldehyde, MC cinnamic acid methyl ester; the difference in volatilization rates of the compounds at different temperatures was measured by t-test (P < 0.05); volatilization rates in different slow release materials at the same temperature were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (Tukey's HSD, P < 0.05);

FIG. 6 shows the variation of volatilization rates of three compounds in the wick; wherein Ebal 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, CD cinnamaldehyde, MC methyl cinnamate;

fig. 7 attraction of frankliniella occidentalis, wherein: a-b, spring 2019; c, summer in 2019; d, autumn in 2019; CK, blank control; lure (4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate); asterisks indicate the presence of significant differences between the blank and the attractant (t-test, P < 0.05);

FIG. 8 attraction of thrips tabaci; wherein: a, spring in 2019; b 2019 autumn; CK, blank control; lure (4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate); asterisks indicate that there was a significant difference between the blank and the attractant (t-test, P < 0.05);

fig. 9 the hanging height (a) and the hanging direction of the color plate for attracting frankliniella occidentalis (b); wherein: different lowercase letters indicate differences between the various process heights; asterisks indicate the difference between the different suspension directions (a: tukey's HSD, P <0.05; b: t-test, P < 0.05);

FIG. 10 refuse rate of ocimene and β -caryophyllene against frankliniella occidentalis nymphs;

FIG. 11 selection of frankliniella occidentalis 2-year nymphs between control and repellent compounds (A, C) and pest area (B, D) (t-test, P < 0.05);

FIG. 12 selection of frankliniella occidentalis adults between control and repellent compounds (A, C) and spawning amount (B, D) (t-test, P < 0.05);

fig. 13 selection (A1, B1, C1) and pest (A2, B2, C2) of frankliniella occidentalis nymphs between control and attractant compounds, wherein: ebal 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, CD cinnamic aldehyde, MC cinnamic acid methyl ester (t-test, P < 0.05);

fig. 14 selection of frankliniella occidentalis adults between control and attractant compounds (A1, B1, C1) and spawning amounts (A2, B2, C2), wherein: ebal 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, CD cinnamaldehyde, MC methyl cinnamate (t-test, P < 0.05).

FIG. 15 frankliniella occidentalis selection device (a: selection distance evaluation device; b: thrips versus different color trending device);

FIG. 16 different color palette reflection wavelengths;

fig. 17 preferences of frankliniella occidentalis for different colors;

figure 18 frankliniella occidentalis selectivity for shape.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

EXAMPLE 1 thrips attractant active screening

1.1 materials and methods

1.1.1 test insects: frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci

1.1.2 Standard Compounds

The information on the compounds used in this chapter is shown in Table 1-1.

TABLE 1-1 Compound related information

1.1.3 indoor behavior selection

The selected compound species are shown in Table 1-1. The behavioral response of the compounds to thrips was performed in a Y-type olfactometer. Studies have shown that liquid paraffin does not affect the behavioral response of thrips, and therefore liquid paraffin (national drug group) was used as a control, and the above compounds were diluted to 10%, 1% and 0.1% (v/v).

1.1.4 greenhouse screening

Compound greenhouse screening experiments were performed in a chinese academy of sciences corridor test base greenhouse. Screening thrips attractant substances is carried out in a green Chinese onion planting greenhouse, green Chinese onions are planted in the greenhouse year by year, and a stable thrips population is established; screening of frankliniella occidentalis attracting substances is carried out in an eggplant cultivation greenhouse, eggplant seedlings are planted in the late 3 th month of 2018, frankliniella occidentalis is released in the late 4 th month to establish a population, and experiments are started in the late 5 th month.

According to the behavioral response result of 1.1.3 indoor thrips, the compound with the attraction effect on thrips is used for a greenhouse screening experiment. The lure carrier used was a filter cotton roll (length 2 cm). A small hole was formed in the center of the yellow insect attracting plate (25X 30 cm), and the cotton roll was loaded in the center of the color plate. Methyl isonicotinate (methyl isonicotinate, MI) is the main component of commercial thrips attractant Lurem-TR, and has an attracting effect on 12 thrips. In order to screen out components with better trapping effect, methyl isonicotinate is used as a positive control. With water as a blank (CK), water, methyl isonicotinate, the compound to be screened (1 mL) were added separately to the cotton rolls, the panels were hung to the top of the plants, and the distance between adjacent panels was 10m. The trapping effect of the compounds to be screened was evaluated one by one. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. After 24h, the number of thrips on the colour plate was counted. After each compound is detected, the greenhouse is empty for 2-3d, and after the residual odor in the greenhouse is dissipated, the next compound is detected.

1.1.5 detection of Compound greenhouse and field attractant Effect

And uniformly evaluating the compounds screened in the greenhouse. Yellow panels with distilled water added were used as Controls (CK); and adding the compound which is screened out by 1.1.4 and has better trapping effect than methyl isonicotinate onto a yellow board, uniformly suspending the compound and CK in a greenhouse and a field, repeating the steps for 8 to 12 times, and counting the number of thrips on the color board after 24 hours.

1.1.6 data analysis

The result of the indoor behavioral response uses chi-square (χ) ² ) And (5) checking. Greenhouse and field data, after satisfying normal distribution and squareness detection through lg (x) conversion, are subjected to single-factor analysis of variance and multiple comparison by utilizing Tukey's HSD. All data analysis was done by SAS (9.2) software.

1.2 results and analysis

1.2.1 behavioral response of adult thrips females to differential Compounds

The behavioral responses of frankliniella occidentalis and frankliniella tabaci female adults to the compounds are shown in tables 1-2 and 1-3, respectively. Of the 3 different concentrations of 20 compounds tested, it can be seen that the responses of the two thrips to volatiles varied depending on the compound type, the concentration used (tables 1-2, tables 1-3).

Ocimum basilicum, beta-caryophyllene and methyl salicylate showed repellency to frankliniella occidentalis, but the repellent effect was changed with the change of concentration, for example, ocimum basilicum was stronger at high concentration, but there was no significant difference (0.1%, P > 0.05) between the behavioral response of frankliniella occidentalis to Ocimum basilicum and the control with the decrease of the concentration used (Table 1-2). High concentration eugenol (10%) has no attractant effect on Cephalanoploris, and low concentration (1%, 0.1%) has attractant effect. 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and phenethyl acetate were able to induce frankliniella occidentalis (P < 0.05) at all three concentrations tested; trans linalool oxide, methyl 4-ethylbenzoate, (E) -3-hexen-1-ol acetate did not cause significant behavioral responses (P > 0.05) to frankliniella occidentalis at three concentrations. Cinnamaldehyde, nerol, methyl benzoate, phenethyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, (Z) -3-hexenol isovalerate has an attractive effect on frankliniella occidentalis at the two concentrations tested. Benzaldehyde only has an attractive effect on frankliniella occidentalis at a high concentration.

TABLE 1-2 behavioral response of Frankliniella occidentalis female adults to differential compounds released from non-flowering and flowering plants

Note that: before "/" denotes the response of frankliniella to the compound and "/" denotes the response of frankliniella to the control. Asterisks indicate that thrips respond significantly to the compound and control behavior.

Thrips tabaci has repellent effect (10%) on high-concentration ocimene and eugenol; the low concentration of ocimene has an attracting effect on thrips tabaci (tables 1-3). Linalool, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate, DMNT, methyl benzoate, (Z) -3-hexenol isovalerate have an attractive effect on thrips tabaci females at 3 concentrations (P < 0.05); the phenethyl acetate and the benzaldehyde have the attraction effect on thrips tabaci at two concentrations, and the rest compounds can attract thrips tabaci at 1 concentration.

TABLE 1-3 behavioral response of thrips tabaci female adults to differential compounds released from non-flowering and flowering plants

Note that: the "/" front indicates the thrips response to the compound and "/" front indicates the thrips response to the control. Asterisks indicate that thrips respond significantly to compounds and controls.

1.2.2 Compound greenhouse screening

According to the results of 1.2.1, the attracting effect of 12 compounds such as 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, nerol, (Z) -3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal, methyl cinnamate, methyl benzoate, eugenol, phenylacetaldehyde, phenethyl alcohol, (Z) -3-hexenol isovalerate, phenethyl acetate, benzaldehyde and the like on frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci was tested in a greenhouse.

The trapping effect of the 12 compounds tested on frankliniella occidentalis adults was significantly different from that of the blank distilled water (CK) (P < 0.05), and not the positive control Methyl Isonicotinate (MI) (fig. 1). Compared with a blank control, the trapping amount of the 4-ethylbenzaldehyde (number 3) and the methyl cinnamate (number 7) on the frankliniella occidentalis is improved by 2.3 times and is obviously higher than the trapping amount of MI (P < 0.05); the quantity of the frankliniella occidentalis trapped by the other compounds [ cinnamaldehyde, nerol, (Z) -3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal, methyl benzoate, eugenol, phenylacetaldehyde, phenethyl alcohol, (Z) -3-hexenol isovalerate, phenethyl acetate and benzaldehyde ] is not obviously different from the MI trapping quantity (P is more than 0.05). The number of frankliniella occidentalis trapped by cinnamaldehyde (number 4) and (Z) -3-hexenol isovalerate (number 18) was slightly higher than that trapped by methyl isonicotinate (FIG. 1).

Of the 12 compounds tested, there were 4 compounds that did not significantly differ from the trapping number of thrips tabaci and CK, respectively, nerol (No. 5), (Z) -3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal (No. 6), phenylacetaldehyde (No. 16) and (Z) -3-hexenol isovalerate (No. 18) (P > 0.05); the trapping number of the other 8 compounds (4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, methyl cinnamate, methyl benzoate, eugenol, phenethyl alcohol, phenethyl acetate and benzaldehyde) on tobacco thrips adults is significantly higher than the trapping number of CK (P < 0.05) (figure 2). The trapping amount of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde (number 3), cinnamaldehyde (number 4) and methyl cinnamate (number 7) on thrips tabaci adults is improved by 2.0-2.8 times compared with the control, and is obviously higher than MI trapping amount (P < 0.05); the trapping quantity of MI on thrips tabaci is obviously higher than that of nerol, phenethyl alcohol and (Z) -3-hexenol isovalerate (P < 0.05); the trapping amount of the (Z) -3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal, methyl benzoate, eugenol, phenethyl acetate and benzaldehyde is not obviously different from that of methyl isonicotinate (P is more than 0.05).

1.2.3 comparison of the greenhouse and field trapping Effect of Compounds on thrips

According to the test results, the trapping effect of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate on thrips in a greenhouse and a field is further compared.

1.2.3.1 greenhouse trapping Effect

In the greenhouse, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde induced frankliniella occidentalis adults were significantly different from the Control (CK) (F _3,31 =6.67, p=0.001) (fig. 2). The trapping amount of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde on frankliniella occidentalis adults is obviously higher than that of cinnamaldehyde (F _1,15 =3.77, p=0.010), but there was no significant difference in trapping amount from methyl cinnamate (F _1,15 =1.63, p=0.222), there was no significant difference in the trapping amount of methyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde on frankliniella occidentalis adults (P>0.05). In the green Chinese onion planting greenhouse, the number of tobacco thrips adults induced by 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde is obviously higher than that of control trapping amount (F _3,31 =6.49, p=0.002), the number of thrips tabaci adults induced by methyl cinnamate was significantly higher than that of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde (F _1,15 =6.77, p=0.021), but there was no significant difference in trapping amount from cinnamaldehyde (F _1,15 =0.13, p= 0.724) (fig. 2).

1.2.3.2 field trapping Effect

In the field, the number of frankliniella occidentalis adults induced by 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde is significantly higher than that of the control (F _4,59 ＝7.36,P<0.001 The trapping amount of methyl cinnamate on frankliniella occidentalis adults is obviously higher than that of cinnamaldehyde, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde and methyl isonicotinate (P)<0.05 No significant difference between the number of frankliniella occidentalis adults induced by 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and methyl isonicotinate (P>0.05 And there was no significant difference in trapping number of frankliniella occidentalis adults by methyl isonicotinate and CK (F) _1,23 =2.64, p=0.119) (fig. 5-4). For thrips tabaci, the number of methyl cinnamate-induced adults was significantly higher than other compounds and controls (F _4,59 =2.76, p=0.037), the trapping number of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde was significantly higher than that of the blank (P<0.05 Methyl cinnamate and cinnamaldehyde versus cigaretteThe trapping quantity of thrips is not obviously different from that of methyl isonicotinate (F _2,35 =1.44, p=0.252) (fig. 3).

Example 2 thrips attractant screening, volatilization Rate and evaluation of field application Effect

2.1 materials and methods

2.1.1 Compound Standard sample

Sources of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate are shown in the table above. The above-mentioned compounds were diluted with 1 ng/. Mu.L, 10 ng/. Mu.L, 50 ng/. Mu.L, 100 ng/. Mu.L, 1000 ng/. Mu.L using n-hexane, ethyl decanoate was added as an internal standard compound, and a standard curve was prepared from the peak area ratio of each component to the peak area ratio of ethyl decanoate by GC-MS analysis.

2.1.2 combinations of attractant Compounds and greenhouse trapping Effect

Combinations of compounds include combinations of two by two (4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde 1:1, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-methyl cinnamate 1:1, cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate 1:1) and three compounds (4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate 1:1:1). The mixture was added to a filter roll (2 cm. Times.0.5 cm), placed in the center of a color plate, and the trapping effect of frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci was evaluated in an eggplant cultivation greenhouse and a green onion cultivation greenhouse, respectively. Each combination was repeated 5-7 times. The experimental method is the same as the above.

2.1.3 Effect of temperature and sustained Release Material on the volatilization Rate of attractant substances

According to the results, the mixture of the three substances was finally used as thrips attractant and the following experiments were carried out.

The slow release materials used are filter cotton rolls, slow release vials (volume 1mL, beijing Zhongjie square biotechnology Co., ltd.) and plant source pheromone carrier slow release rubber (black hollow rubber, 2cm×0.9cm×0.6cm, beijing Emotion biotechnology Co., ltd.) which are soaked in 75% ethanol before use to remove impurities. The above three components were dissolved in n-hexane-dichloromethane (CH) ₂ Cl ₂ Diluting CAS 75-09-2, fisher, USA) (9:1) to 10%, mixing at 1:1:1, adding 1mL of the mixture into the above three slow release materials for 4 times, and mixing the above prepared luresThe cores were placed in incubators at 25℃and 35 ℃. After 24h, the lures were crushed and extracted with 10-15mL n-hexane, as described in Liu et al (2016). The residual compound content in the lure was detected by GC-MS and the compound release rate was calculated. GC-MS temperature program: the temperature is kept at 70 ℃ for 1min, the temperature is increased to 230 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, and finally the temperature is kept for 2min.

2.1.4 evaluation of trapping Effect of thrips in core-trapping greenhouse

The plant source slow release material is used as a attractant carrier, the slow release material is soaked in the mixture for 24 hours, indoor drying is carried out for 2 hours to prepare an attracting core (wire), the attracting core is wrapped by tinfoil paper, and the attracting core is packaged in a self-sealing bag for sealing and is preserved in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for standby. In the greenhouse, the prepared lure is loaded in the center of a yellow lure plate and hung on the top of a plant, and the number of the thistle horses on the color plate is counted at 1d, 3d, 1wk and 2 wk. Meanwhile, the lure is placed at an indoor ventilation position, residual compounds in the lure are extracted when the lure is placed for 1d, 3d, 5d, 1wk, 2wk, 3wk and 4wk respectively, and the compound release rate is calculated. In addition, in the eggplant cultivation greenhouse, the attraction effect of the color plate orientation (east-west, south-north) and the suspension height (the bottom of the color plate is equal to the top of the plant, 20cm higher than the top of the plant, 20cm lower than the top of the plant and 40cm lower than the top of the plant) on the frankliniella occidentalis is explored.

2.1.5 data analysis

Data were analyzed using SAS (9.2) software and the effect of different compound combinations on trapping amounts, the effect of slow release material on volatilization rate, and the effect of panel suspension height on trapping amounts were analyzed using one-way anova and Tukey's HSD multiple comparisons. The effect of temperature on the rate of volatilization, the trapping effect of the attractant greenhouse and the effect of the suspension direction on the trapping amount were tested using t-test.

2.2 results and analysis

2.2.1 trapping effects of different attractant Compounds on thrips

In the greenhouse, the presence or absence of the compound influences the trapping amount of the colored plate on thrips (frankliniella occidentalis: F) _8,62 ＝12.08,P<0.001; thrips tabaci F _8,44 ＝11.55,P<0.001). The color can be increased by adding 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate on yellow insect-attracting plateThe trapping amount of the plate to the frankliniella occidentalis and the thrips tabaci. In general, the trapping amount of the compound after mixing is higher for frankliniella occidentalis (figure 4 a) and thrips tabaci (figure 4 b) than for single compound, such as cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate, and the trapping amount of the compound after mixing (106.4+/-11.0) is higher than for other pairwise mixed or single compound (figure 4 a); the 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate mixture can increase trapping amount of the insect trap plate on thrips tabaci, but has no significant difference with the 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate mixture (figure 4 b). The trapping amount of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-methyl cinnamate on frankliniella occidentalis (46.0+/-4.1) is not increased remarkably, and is not different from that of a control (32.1+/-4.7) (figure 4 a), but the trapping amount of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-methyl cinnamate on frankliniella occidentalis is higher than that of the control (4 b).

2.2.2 Effect of temperature on volatilization Rate of the Components

Both temperature and release material have an effect on the rate of volatilization of the compound (fig. 5). The release rate of the three compounds is obviously improved (P < 0.05) at high temperature, for example, the release rate of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde in a slow release vial is 3.75+/-0.27 mg/d at room temperature of 25 ℃, the release rate of the three compounds is 6.07+/-0.74 mg/d at 35 ℃, and the release rate is improved by 1.62 times. The release rate is influenced by the release material, the release rate is fastest when the volatile matter takes the filter cotton roll as a carrier, the release rate is slower when the release vial and the release rubber material are taken as carriers, and the release rate of the compounds is not obviously different (P is more than 0.05).

2.2.3 Compound Release Rate in the core and trapping action against thrips

The release rate of the compound in the lure decreases with time. Within 1 week, the release rates of the three compounds are higher, which is higher than 1mg/d; thereafter, as the residual compound content in the lure decreased, the compound release rate decreased (< 1 mg/d) (fig. 6). The trapping quantity of thrips by the Lure (Lure) was changed seasonally (fig. 7). The effective action time of the trapping core is relatively longer in spring and autumn, and the trapping core lasting period is 1 week in spring 2019 (figures 7a and b), so that the trapping amount (P > 0.05) of the trapping plate to the frankliniella occidentalis can be increased; in summer, the effective period of the lure is shorter, and the trapping quantity of the frankliniella occidentalis is obviously higher than that of the control within 3d (figure 7 c); in autumn, the lure has a period of validity up to 2 weeks (FIG. 7 d). The trapping cores can significantly increase the trapping quantity of the color plates on the thrips tabaci (figure 8). In spring, the effective period of the trapping core is 5d, the trapping amount of thrips can be increased (P is less than 0.05), but the difference between the treatment and the control is not obvious along with the volatilization of each component; in autumn, when the trapping cores 1d, 3d and 7d are used, the trapping amount of thrips tabaci is obviously higher than that of a control.

2.2.4 hanging height of color plate and trapping effect towards frankliniella occidentalis

Suspension height affects panel trapping efficiency (F _3,15 =3.62, p=0.045), the number of trapping frankliniella occidentalis (237.0±38.5) is maximum when the color plate is hung at the position 20cm from the top of the plant, and no significant difference exists between the hanging height of the color plate and the position 20cm from the top of the plant (P>0.05 But significantly higher than the number of traps (116.2±37.1) suspended 40cm above the top of the plant (fig. 9 a). The number of trapping frankliniella occidentalis by the east-west hanging color plates was significantly higher than the number of trapping frankliniella occidentalis by the north-south hanging (t=2.31, df=8, p=0.048) (fig. 9 b).

Example 3 Effect of plant volatiles on feeding and oviposition of frankliniella occidentalis

3.1 materials and methods

3.1.1 test insects: frankliniella occidentalis

3.1.2 Standard Compounds

TABLE 3-1 Compound related information

3.1.3 antifeedant effects of repellent compounds on nymphs

Ocimene and β -caryophyllene were diluted to 1% with ethanol (Sedy and Koschier, 2003). The bean leaves are punched into leaves with the diameter of 1.6cm by using a puncher, so that veins are avoided. 2.0. Mu.g, 1.5. Mu.g, 1.0. Mu.g, 0.5. Mu.g of the compound was added to the upper and lower parts of the leaf, and after leaving for 10 minutes until ethanol had evaporated, the leaf was placed on 300. Mu.L of 1% agar. The control was leaves with ethanol only. The control leaf and the treated leaf were placed in pairs on 9cm dishes, the distance between the two leavesThe distance was 4cm. Placing 10 second-age frankliniella occidentalis nymphs between two leaves, covering with preservative film, and punching small holes (10 pieces/cm) on the preservative film for ensuring gas circulation ² ) (Egger and Koschier, 2014). And after 24 hours, counting the harmful area of thrips under a three-dimensional microscope (Keyence) with super depth of field, and calculating the antifeedant rate. Antifeeding rate (%) (Feeding deterrent index, FDI) = (control leaf area-treated leaf area)/(control leaf area + treated leaf area) ×100.

3.1.4 nymph selection behavior

Diluting the compound to 1%, adding the compound to the plant leaves by using a liquid-transferring gun, uniformly coating the plant leaves, and finally adding the compound to the leaves at a dosage of 1 mug; control leaves were treated with ethanol. The treatment and control leaves were placed in pairs in petri dishes to release 10 2-year old thrips nymphs. The number of thrips on the treated and control leaves was observed and counted after 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 6h, 12h, 24h, respectively. After 24 hours, the nymphs were removed and the area of pest damage was counted under a microscope.

3.1.5 adult selection behavior and oviposition

Leaves treated with 1 μg of the compound and control leaves were placed in pairs in petri dishes to release 10 adult frankliniella occidentalis who emerged for 3 d. The number of thrips on the treated and control leaves was observed and counted after 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h, 24h, respectively. After 24 hours, the adults are removed, the leaves are placed in a 24-well plate, a filter paper sheet is covered at the bottom of the well plate, water is added for moisturizing, and the leaves are placed on the filter paper sheet. After 2-4d, the number of newly hatched nymphs on the leaves was checked and counted.

3.1.6 data statistics

The comparison of the pest and adult oviposition of the thrips nymphs between control and treatment was performed using paired t-test, which compares the selectivity of thistle Ma Chengchong on the treatment and control leaves.

3.2 results and analysis

3.2.1 rate of antifeedant by nymphs

The antifeedant effect of ocimene and beta-caryophyllene on frankliniella occidentalis increases with the increase of the content of the used compounds,the antifeedant rate is 50 percent (FDI) ₅₀ ) That is, the amount of ocimene used when the thrips nymphs were 50% lower in foliar damage than the control was 1.12 μg and the amount of β -caryophyllene was 1.34 μg, see fig. 10.

3.2.2 influence of repellent compounds on positioning and feeding of frankliniella occidentalis nymphs

In the two-way selection experiment, the repellency of frankliniella occidentalis to ocimene was stable, the fluctuation with time was small (fig. 11A), and the area of damage of thrips nymphs to ocimene-treated leaves was significantly lower than that of the control (t=4.42, df=14, p=0.001) (fig. 11B). The early selection of β -caryophyllene had a repellent effect on frankliniella occidentalis nymphs, but with time, the thrips nymphs gradually aggregated toward β -caryophyllene treated leaves, especially between 6-24h, the number of nymphs on control leaves decreased if the worms aggregated toward β -caryophyllene treated leaves (fig. 11C). The nymphs were significantly higher in the area of injury to the control leaf than the leaf treated with β -caryophyllene (t=2.86, df=24, p=0.009) (fig. 11D).

3.2.3 Effect of repellent Compounds on positioning and oviposition of Frankliniella occidentalis adults

In the two-way selection experiments, the repellent effect of ocimene and β -caryophyllene on frankliniella occidentalis adults was diminished with increasing time (fig. 12a, c). In the selection experiments of ocimene and control-treated leaves, after releasing frankliniella occidentalis for 3 hours, the number of thrips accumulated on the control leaves starts to decrease; after 24h, the number of thrips adults on ocimene-treated leaves was slightly higher than the number of frankliniella occidentalis on control leaves (fig. 12A). In the selection experiments of the beta-caryophyllene and the control treatment leaves, the tendency of the frankliniella occidentalis adults to the beta-caryophyllene is gradually increased. Ocimene and β -caryophyllene do not affect the spawning amounts of frankliniella occidentalis (ocimene: t= -0.88, df=14, p=0.391; β -caryophyllene: t=0.30, df=14, p=0.769) (fig. 12b, d).

3.2.4 Effect of attractant Compounds on frankliniella occidentalis nymphs selection and feeding

In the two-way selection experiment, the selection of frankliniella occidentalis nymphs for 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate increased with increasing time (fig. 13a1, b1, c 1). The selection of nymphs for 4-ethylbenzaldehyde treated leaves gradually increased with time, with a significant difference in number of nymphs at 24h from control leaves (t=4.18, df=24, p=0.003) (fig. 13 A1). In the bidirectional selection experiment of the frankliniella occidentalis on the cinnamaldehyde and the contrast, the frankliniella occidentalis is mainly gathered on contrast leaves within 2 hours from the beginning of the experiment, and then the number of the frankliniella occidentalis on leaves treated by the cinnamaldehyde is gradually increased; at 24h the nymphs were mainly concentrated on cinnamaldehyde treated leaves, with a very significant difference in the number of nymphs from control leaves (t= -5.84, df=30, P < 0.001) (fig. 13B 2). The trend of selection of thrips nymphs between control and methyl cinnamate treated leaves was similar to the diet on control and cinnamaldehyde treated leaves (fig. 13C 1).

Nymphs were severe for 4-ethylbenzaldehyde treated leaves, with significant differences from the control (t= -5.79, df=12, p < 0.001) (fig. 13 A2); however, cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate inhibited feeding damage to nymphs (cinnamaldehyde: t=3.42, df=14, p=0.004; methyl cinnamate: t=3.99, df=14, p=0.001) (fig. 13b2, c 2).

3.2.5 attractant Compounds for selection and oviposition of Frankliniella occidentalis adults

In the two-way selection experiment, frankliniella occidentalis adult selection for 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate varied with time (fig. 14a1, b1, c 1). The adult selection of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde showed a trend of increasing followed by decreasing (fig. 14a1, b 1). Adults the selection of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde treated leaves gradually increased with time, after 4-6h there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) from the number of adults on the control leaves, and then the selection of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde gradually decreased and the number of adults on the control gradually increased (fig. 14 A1). The number of adults selected for methyl cinnamate increased continuously, with thrips adults distributed predominantly on methyl cinnamate treated leaves after 24h, with very significant differences from the distribution on control leaves (t= -5.99, df=38, p < 0.001) (fig. 14C 1). The amount of eggs laid by adults on 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and methyl cinnamate treated leaves was significantly higher than that of the control (4-ethylbenzaldehyde: t=3.04, df=19, p=0.007; cinnamaldehyde: t=2.44, df=19, p=0.025; methyl cinnamate: t=3.22, df=19, p=0.005) (fig. 14a2, b2, c 2).

Example 4 distance Effect of frankliniella occidentalis on visual and olfactory Signal positioning

4.1 materials and methods

4.1.1 test insects

Frankliniella occidentalis is harvested on Capsicum (Capsicum annuum l.) plants in beijing green-back plantation and is cultivated in green beans Phaseolus vulgaris l. The raising temperature is 26+/-1 ℃, and the photoperiod L12 is D12.

4.1.2 influence of distance on behavior selection

Setting 4 selection distances: 15 30, 50, 100cm, the selection means are shown in fig. 15 a. The reaction distance was tested using a visual signal of yellow insect trap plate (V) with a diameter of 5 cm. The p-anisaldehyde (PA) has remarkable thrips attraction effect, and the p-anisaldehyde is taken as an olfactory substance (O) of thrips and added to a yellow insect attracting plate to form a vision and olfactory combined signal (V+O). For each test distance, 30 adults were used to emerge for 24 hours, and after 2 hours, the number of thrips on the color plate was counted and each treatment was repeated 10-12 times.

4.1.3 color selection

The color of the flowers and leaves of the common plants (red, yellow, blue, green, purple and white) is selected, and the color plate is purchased from Henan Jiaduo cluster. The reflectance wavelength of the color plate used was measured using a spectrometer (ASD FieldSpec hand-held, analytical spectroscopy devices, inc. (FIG. 15). The panels were cut to 15 x 15cm size and randomly spliced to black cardboard (fig. 15 b). In the eggplant cultivation greenhouse, the frankliniella occidentalis adults are released in the seedling stage of the eggplant, and the frankliniella occidentalis adults are allowed to establish a population. After 2 weeks, the spliced color plates are suspended in 4 cells, each cell containing 3 replicates; after 2 hours, the number of thrips trapped is counted.

4.1.4 shape selection

Cutting the white, yellow and blue color plates into square, triangle, round and flower shapes with an area of about 20cm ² And evaluating the shape selectivity of the frankliniella occidentalis. The four different shapes of 4 kinds of the same color are stuck on the four surfaces of the insect cage, and 100 adults which are eclosion for 24 hours are released at the center of the insect cage. After 2h, counting thrips on different shapesNumber of parts. Each color was repeated 10 times.

4.1.5 data analysis

Data were analyzed using SAS (9.2) software (P < 0.05). Selecting different distances of frankliniella occidentalis, selecting different stimulus sources under the same distance, performing one-factor analysis of variance, and performing multiple comparison by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test; color selection of frankliniella occidentalis utilizes one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD multiple comparison analysis. Before data analysis, normal distribution and analysis of variance are firstly carried out, and if the conditions are not met, the data are converted into [ lg (x+1) ]. The shape selection analysis of frankliniella occidentalis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

4.2 analysis of results

4.2.1 distance Effect

Studies have shown that frankliniella occidentalis's response to visual signals decreases with distance (F _3,42 ＝37.0,P<0.001 (Table 4-1). When the selection distance is less than or equal to 30cm, the visual signal has stronger attraction effect on frankliniella occidentalis, 25.5+/-1.2 and 21.9+/-2.0 frankliniella occidentalis are respectively captured at 15cm and 30cm, but the number of the thrips captured by the color plate is reduced along with the increase of the selection distance, and especially when the selection distance is 100cm, only 7.8+/-0.9 thrips are captured, which is obviously lower than the trapping amount (P when the selection distance is 15cm and 30cm<0.01). Selecting a distance to influence the response of frankliniella occidentalis to an olfactory signal (F _3,18 =4.66, p=0.017), the response of frankliniella occidentalis to the olfactory signal is higher when the distance is selected to be less than or equal to 50cm, but when the distance is selected to be increased to 100cm, the number of thrips trapped is significantly lower than that at less than or equal to 30 cm. When combined with vision and smell, the trapping quantity of frankliniella occidentalis is reduced with the increase of distance (F) _3，42 =3.9, p=0.016), but slow down, the olfactory substance (anisaldehyde, PA) improves the localization of frankliniella occidentalis over long distances. When the selection distance is less than or equal to 30cm, the presence or absence of the olfactory substance does not affect the trapping amount (P) of the color board on thrips>0.05 A) is provided; however, when the selection distance is more than or equal to 50cm, the trapping amount (P) of thrips can be obviously increased by adding the olfactory substance<0.05 Especially when the distance is selected to be 100cm, trapping the vision and olfactory signal (V+O) to 20.0+ -1.4 thrips, selectingUp to 66.7% in proportion, significantly higher than the single effect (F) of visual (V) and olfactory (O) signals _2,29 ＝ 26.44,P<0.001)。

TABLE 4-1 distance response of frankliniella occidentalis to Signal substances

Note that: the lower case letters of the same row indicate that there is a significant difference in the selection of different signal substances by frankliniella occidentalis at the same distance; the same column of capital letters indicates that there is a significant difference in frankliniella occidentalis responses to different distances (Tukey's HSD, P < 0.05).

4.2.2 color selection by frankliniella occidentalis

In the free selection experiment, the frankliniella occidentalis has different tendencies of different colors (F _5,23 ＝68.9,P<0.001 (fig. 17). Thrips have strong blue and white tropism, and are used for trapping 21.1+/-3.8 (43.8%) and 12.3+/-1.2 (27.7%) head adults, which are obviously higher than the trapping amount of yellow (7.0+/-0.7 head, 16.3%) and green (1.7+/-0.3 head, 3.9%). There was no significant difference in the trapping amount of blue and white frankliniella occidentalis adults (P>0.05 But the average trapping amount for blue was higher than for white (fig. 17). Purple and red have the worst attracting effect on frankliniella occidentalis (fig. 17).

4.2.3 preference of frankliniella occidentalis for shape

Research shows that the selection difference of frankliniella occidentalis on different shapes is obvious (white: χ) ² ＝12.726,df＝3,P<0.001; yellow X ² ＝20.109,df＝3,P<0.001; blue- χ ² ＝19.975，df＝3，P<0.001 (fig. 18). In the free selection, frankliniella occidentalis has strong tendency to the shape of flowers (FL-shape) (white: 11.3.+ -. 1.8.,37.8%, yellow: 12.0.+ -. 1.8,39.8%, blue: 8.7.+ -. 1.1,36.4%), followed by round (white: 9.3.+ -. 1.6,31.0%, yellow: 8.5.+ -. 1.2,28.6%, blue: 8.5.+ -. 1.8,34.7%), and no significant difference (P) exists between the two>0.05). The flower shape trapped significantly more frankliniella occidentalis than triangles and rectangles, and was independent of color (fig. 18). In the shape used, the westThe selection quantity of the flower thrips on the triangles is the smallest; the yellow and blue rectangles significantly more attractive to thrips than the triangle (P<0.05 The trapping amount of the white triangle and the rectangle on the thrips is not obviously different (P>0.05)。

Claims (8)

1. The thrips insect attracting device comprises an attractant and is characterized in that the effective components of the attractant comprise methyl cinnamate with the concentration of 0.1-10%.

2. The thrips insect attractant device according to claim 1, wherein the thrips attractant has an effective component of cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate or 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate, and the volume ratio of cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate composition is 1:1; the volume ratio of the 4-ethylbenzaldehyde-cinnamaldehyde-methyl cinnamate composition is 1:1:1.

3. The thrips insect attractant device according to claim 1, wherein the thrips insect attractant device comprises a insect sticking plate and an attracting core; the attracting core comprises a slow release material, wherein the slow release material is a filter cotton roll, a slow release vial or plant source pheromone carrier slow release rubber.

4. The thrips insect trap according to claim 3, wherein the shape of the insect sticking plate is flower shape; the color of the armyworm plate is blue or white.

5. The use of the thrips insect attractant device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thrips insect attractant device is used for controlling thrips on leguminous crops, cucurbitaceae crops, solanaceae crops, gramineous crops or liliaceae crops, wherein the thrips are frankliniella occidentalis or thrips tabaci.

6. The use of a thrips insect attractant device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thrips insect attractant device is used for controlling thrips on mango and/or banana crops; the thrips are frankliniella occidentalis or thrips tabaci.

7. A method for controlling thrips, which is frankliniella occidentalis or thrips tabaci, comprising:

(a) Placing thrips insect attracting devices at intervals of a preset distance: placing the thrips insect attracting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 at predetermined distance intervals in a greenhouse or a field; the preset distance is 50-200cm;

(b) Periodically replacing thrips insect attracting device: according to seasons, the replacement period of the thrips insect attracting device is adjusted, the replacement period in summer is 1-3 days, the replacement period in spring is 3-5 days, the replacement period in autumn is 3-7 days, or according to whether plants are in a flowering phase or a non-flowering phase, the replacement period of the thrips insect attracting device is adjusted, and the replacement period is shortened in the flowering phase; or adjusting the replacement period of the thrips insect attracting device according to the temperature of a greenhouse or a field, and shortening the replacement period at a high temperature, wherein the high temperature is more than 30 ℃;

(c) Placing thrips repellent products at predetermined distance intervals: placing thrips repellent products at intervals in a thrips insect attracting device at a preset distance in a greenhouse or a field, wherein the thrips repellent products comprise thrips insect repellent plates, and the thrips repellent products contain ocimene and/or beta-caryophyllene; the concentration of the ocimene is 5-10%, and the concentration of the beta-caryophyllene is 1-10%;

(d) Placing the thrips insect attracting device and/or the repelling products at a preset height, wherein the preset height is 40 parts cm above and below the top of the plant;

(e) The thrips insect attracting device and/or the product are/is prevented and treated in a preset direction, wherein the preset direction is east-west direction.

8. The method for controlling thrips according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined height is between 20cm above and below the top of the plant.

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