CN114208449B

CN114208449B - Slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine

Info

Publication number: CN114208449B
Application number: CN202111600222.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯良山; 杨宁; 冯晨; 李颖; 李开宇; 孙翔龙; 王平; 娄义晟; 李宁; 门阅; 李金凤; 孙巍
Original assignee: Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-12-24
Filing date: 2021-12-24
Publication date: 2022-11-22
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-24
Also published as: CN114208449A

Abstract

The invention discloses a slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine, which comprises a rack and a driving trolley arranged on the rack, wherein the rack comprises a U-shaped frame and a plurality of cross beams fixed on the U-shaped frame, and seeding and fertilizing mechanisms are arranged on the cross beams in a limiting and sliding manner; the seeding and fertilizing mechanism comprises a support frame, wherein a furrow opener and a land wheel are respectively installed at two ends of the support frame, a seed sowing device is installed at the bottom of the support frame, a feed box is installed at the top end of the support frame, a partition plate is installed in the feed box and divides the feed box into a seeding box and a fertilizer box, a seed guide pipe is installed at the bottom end of the seeding box, and the tail end of the seed guide pipe is arranged corresponding to the seed sowing device; the bottom end of the fertilizer box is provided with a fertilizer application pipe, a fertilizer feeding part is arranged in the fertilizer application pipe, and the tail end of the fertilizer application pipe is arranged corresponding to the seed sowing device. The invention solves the difficult problems of mechanized seeding and fertilizing of intercropping of various plant seeds, realizes mechanization and integration of intercropping seeding and fertilizing, has good seeding effect and strong functionality, and is beneficial to popularization of an intercropping planting mode.

Description

Slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a sliding rod type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine.

Background

In agricultural production, seeding is always an important program, and intercropping refers to a planting mode of planting two or more crops in the same field in the same growth period in rows or zones at intervals, wherein the intercropping is to fully utilize light energy, space and time resources to improve the crop yield by using the space structure principle of communities. In the current intercropping planting mode, too much labor is relied on in the seeding and fertilizing processes, and the mechanization degree is low.

Along with the improvement of the agricultural mechanization degree, the application of the seeding machine greatly reduces the labor intensity of farmers and saves the seeding time, and the development of the seeding mechanization technology is the most effective mechanization technology for realizing the cost saving and efficiency improvement of agriculture, the income increase of farmers and the economic development of rural areas.

Even current seeder can realize fertilizing operation when the seeding, also scatters chemical fertilizer or crops seed to ground through installing the plastic tubing in the container bottom, because chemical fertilizer or plant seed are each other easily the adhesion together, block up the mouth of pipe of container bottom, the peasant will constantly beat the box of container in fertilization or seeding, makes its production shake, avoids producing and blocks up. The fertilizing and seeding machine with the structure is inconvenient to use and low in efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a sliding rod type crop intercropping, sowing and fertilizing machine, which solves the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine which comprises a rack and a driving trolley arranged on the rack, wherein the rack comprises a U-shaped frame and a plurality of cross beams fixed on the U-shaped frame, and seeding and fertilizing mechanisms are arranged on the cross beams in a limiting and sliding manner;

the seeding and fertilizing mechanism comprises a support frame, wherein both ends of the support frame are respectively provided with a furrow opener and a land wheel, one end of the support frame close to the furrow opener is fixedly connected with a connecting piece, and the support frame is in limit sliding fit with the cross beam through the connecting piece; the bottom of the support frame is rotatably connected with a seed metering device, the top end of the support frame is provided with a feed box, a partition plate is arranged in the feed box, the partition plate divides the feed box into a seeding box and a fertilizer box, the bottom end of the seeding box is provided with a seed guide pipe, and the tail end of the seed guide pipe is arranged corresponding to the seed metering device; the fertilization pipe is installed to the fertilizer can bottom, install in the fertilization pipe and send fertile spare, fertilization pipe end with the seed metering ware corresponds the setting.

Preferably, the seed sowing device comprises a mounting disc which is rotatably connected to the support frame, an annular mounting groove is formed in the side wall of the mounting disc along the circumferential direction, a plurality of seed sowing discs are detachably connected in the annular mounting groove, two adjacent seed sowing discs are in contact fit, the tail end of the seed guide pipe is fixedly connected with a seed storage disc, and the seed storage disc is in sliding fit with the seed sowing discs; the bottom end of the supporting frame is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped plate, the arc-shaped plate is positioned between the mounting disc and the furrow opener, and the seed discharging disc and the fertilizing pipe are arranged corresponding to the arc-shaped plate; the bottom end of the supporting frame is fixedly provided with a speed changer, and the land wheel is in transmission fit with the mounting disc through the speed changer.

Preferably, a seeding hole is formed in one side, close to the seed storage plate, of the seed discharging plate, a seeding channel is formed in the side wall, far away from the mounting plate, of the seed discharging plate, the seeding channel is communicated with the seeding hole, and the seed storage plate is arranged corresponding to the seeding hole.

Preferably, an installation cavity is formed in the seed discharging plate, a blocking plate and a linkage rod are installed in the installation cavity, a through hole is formed in the blocking plate, and the through hole is matched with the seeding channel; the side wall of the seed discharging plate, which is far away from the mounting plate, is provided with a mounting hole, the linkage rod is arranged in the mounting hole, a first spring is arranged in the mounting hole, two ends of the first spring are respectively and fixedly connected with the seed discharging plate and the linkage rod, and one end of the linkage rod, which is far away from the first spring, extends out of the seed discharging plate and abuts against the arc-shaped plate; one end of the blocking plate, which is close to the linkage rod, is hinged with a hinge rod, and the tail end of the hinge rod is hinged with one end of the linkage rod, which is close to the first spring; one end of the blocking plate, which is far away from the hinge rod, is fixedly connected with a second spring, and the tail end of the second spring is fixedly connected with the seed discharging plate.

Preferably, the tail end of the linkage rod is hinged with an arc abutting plate, and the arc abutting plate is in sliding fit with the arc plate.

Preferably, the distance between the arc-shaped plate and the seed metering disc is gradually shortened from top to bottom, and the distance between the tail end of the arc-shaped plate and the seed metering disc is matched with the thickness of the arc-shaped abutting plate.

Preferably, send fertile spare including fixed connection be in motor on the workbin outer wall, install in the fertilization pipe and carry the auger, the output shaft of motor with carry the auger transmission cooperation.

Preferably, the connecting piece comprises a connecting ring fixedly connected to the supporting frame, a U-shaped connecting block is sleeved in the connecting ring, the U-shaped connecting block is slidably sleeved on the cross beam, a clamping sleeve is sleeved on the cross beam, and the U-shaped connecting block is in limit fit with the cross beam through the clamping sleeve.

The invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine provided by the invention, the row spacing of an intercropping planting room can be adjusted by mounting the seeding and fertilizing mechanism on the cross beam; the arrangement of the feed box and the seed sowing device realizes the adjustable plant spacing; in addition, the seeds and the fertilizer are separately carried out, so that the condition of blockage is avoided; the method solves the difficult problems of mechanical seeding and fertilizing of intercropping of various plant seeds, realizes mechanization and integration of intercropping seeding and fertilizing, has good seeding effect and strong functionality, and is beneficial to popularization of an intercropping planting mode.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the sowing and fertilizing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of B in FIG. 1;

the device comprises a driving trolley-1, a U-shaped frame-2, a cross beam-3, a supporting frame-4, a furrow opener-5, a land wheel-6, a feed box-7, a partition plate-8, a seed guide pipe-9, a fertilizing pipe-10, a mounting disc-11, a seed discharging disc-12, a seed storage disc-13, an arc-shaped plate-14, a speed changer-15, a seed sowing hole-16, a sowing channel-17, a blocking plate-18, a linkage rod-19, a first spring-20, a hinge rod-21, a second spring-22, an arc abutting plate-23, a motor-24, a conveying auger-25, a connecting ring-26, a U-shaped connecting block-27 and a clamping sleeve-28.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.

The invention provides a slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine, which comprises a rack and a driving trolley 1 arranged on the rack, wherein the rack comprises a U-shaped frame 2 and a plurality of cross beams 3 fixed on the U-shaped frame 2, and seeding and fertilizing mechanisms are arranged on the cross beams 3 in a limiting and sliding manner;

the seeding and fertilizing mechanism comprises a supporting frame 4, wherein two ends of the supporting frame 4 are respectively provided with a furrow opener 5 and a land wheel 6, one end of the supporting frame 4 close to the furrow opener 5 is fixedly connected with a connecting piece, and the supporting frame 4 is in limited sliding fit with the cross beam 3 through the connecting piece; the bottom of the support frame 4 is rotatably connected with a seed metering device, the top end of the support frame 4 is provided with a feed box 7, a partition plate 8 is arranged in the feed box 7, the feed box 7 is divided into a seeding box and a fertilizer box by the partition plate 8, the bottom end of the seeding box is provided with a seed guide pipe 9, and the tail end of the seed guide pipe 9 is arranged corresponding to the seed metering device; the bottom end of the fertilizer box is provided with a fertilizing tube 10, a fertilizer feeding piece is arranged in the fertilizing tube 10, and the tail end of the fertilizing tube 10 is arranged corresponding to the seed sowing device.

Furthermore, in order to conveniently control the seeding distance, the seeding apparatus comprises a mounting disc 11 which is rotatably connected to the support frame 4, an annular mounting groove is formed in the side wall of the mounting disc 11 along the circumferential direction, four seeding discs 12 are detachably connected in the annular mounting groove, two adjacent rows of seed discs 12 are in contact fit, a seed storage disc 13 is fixedly connected to the tail end of the seed guide pipe 9, and the seed storage disc 13 is in sliding fit with the seeding discs 12; the bottom end of the supporting frame 4 is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped plate 14, the arc-shaped plate 14 is positioned between the mounting disc 11 and the furrow opener 5, and the seed discharging disc 12 and the fertilizing tube 10 are both arranged corresponding to the arc-shaped plate 14; the bottom end of the support frame 4 is fixedly provided with a speed changer 15, and the land wheel 6 is in transmission fit with the mounting disc 11 through the speed changer 15; a sowing hole 16 is arranged on one side of the seed discharging disc 12 close to the seed storing disc 13, a sowing channel 17 is arranged on the side wall of the seed discharging disc 12 far away from the mounting disc 11, the sowing channel 17 is communicated with the sowing hole 16, and the seed storing disc 13 is arranged corresponding to the sowing hole 16.

Furthermore, in order to conveniently control the number of the sowed seeds during sowing, an installation cavity is arranged in the seed discharging disc 12, a blocking plate 18 and a linkage rod 19 are installed in the installation cavity, a through hole is formed in the blocking plate 18, and the through hole is matched with the sowing channel 17; a mounting hole is formed in the side wall, away from the mounting plate 11, of the seed plate 12, a linkage rod 19 is arranged in the mounting hole, a first spring 20 is arranged in the mounting hole, two ends of the first spring 20 are respectively fixedly connected with the seed plate 12 and the linkage rod 19, and one end, away from the first spring 20, of the linkage rod 19 extends out of the seed plate 12 and abuts against the arc-shaped plate 14; one end of the blocking plate 18 close to the linkage rod 19 is hinged with a hinge rod 21, and the tail end of the hinge rod 21 is hinged with one end of the linkage rod 19 close to the first spring 20; one end of the blocking plate 18 far away from the hinged rod 21 is fixedly connected with a second spring 22, and the tail end of the second spring 22 is fixedly connected with the seed plate 12.

Further, in order to facilitate the sliding of the linkage rod 19 into the mounting hole and the timely cleaning of the fertilizer on the arc-shaped plate 14, an arc-shaped abutting plate 23 is hinged to the tail end of the linkage rod 19, and the arc-shaped abutting plate 23 is in sliding fit with the arc-shaped plate 14; the distance between the arc-shaped plate 14 and the seed sowing plate 12 is gradually shortened from top to bottom, and the distance between the tail end of the arc-shaped plate 14 and the seed sowing plate 12 is matched with the thickness of the arc-shaped abutting plate 23.

Furthermore, in order to conveniently control the supply amount of the fertilizer, the fertilizer feeding part comprises a motor 24 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fertilizer box 7, a conveying auger 25 is installed in the fertilizer application pipe 10, and an output shaft of the motor 24 is in transmission fit with the conveying auger 25.

Further, in order to make the applied fertilizer and the sown seeds be in the same, a fertilizing hole is arranged on one side of the seed discharging disc 12 far away from the sowing holes 16, a fertilizer storing disc is arranged at the tail end of the fertilizing pipe 10, the fertilizer storing disc and the fertilizing hole are correspondingly arranged, and the fertilizer storing disc is in sliding fit with the seed discharging disc 12.

Further, for conveniently adjusting the position of the seeding and fertilizing mechanism on the cross beam 3 to adapt to intercropping planting of different crops, the connecting piece comprises a connecting ring 26 fixedly connected to the support frame 4, a U-shaped connecting block 27 is sleeved in the connecting ring 26, the U-shaped connecting block 27 is slidably sleeved on the cross beam 3, a clamping sleeve 28 is sleeved on the cross beam 3, and the U-shaped connecting block 27 is in limit fit with the cross beam 3 through the clamping sleeve 28.

When the slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine is used, firstly, the position of a seeding and fertilizing mechanism on a beam 3 is determined according to intercropped planted crops, then seeds and fertilizers to be planted are added into a seeding box and a fertilizer box respectively, then a driving trolley 1 and a motor 24 on a material box 7 are started in sequence, and the seeding and fertilizing mechanism is driven to move by the driving trolley 1. When the driving trolley 1 moves forward, the friction force between the land wheel 6 and the ground can drive the land wheel 6 of the seeding and fertilizing mechanism to rotate, the land wheel 6 can drive the mounting disc 11 to rotate through the transmission 15 when rotating, and because the four seed discharging discs 12 are mounted on the mounting disc 11, when the mounting disc 11 rotates, the seeding holes 16 on the four seed discharging discs 12 sequentially pass through the seed storage disc 13, so that seeds in the seed storage disc 13 fall into the seeding holes 16, and the diameters of the seeding holes 16 are gradually increased from outside to inside, so that the seeds are prevented from falling from the seeding holes 16 due to jolt and other reasons when the mounting disc 11 rotates; when the mounting disc 11 drives the seed discharging disc 12 to rotate, the arc abutting plate 23 on the seed discharging disc 12 contacts with the arc plate 14 firstly, the linkage rod 19 is gradually pressed into the mounting hole in the rotating process of the mounting disc 11, so that the first spring 20 is compressed, when the arc abutting plate 23 is positioned at the tail end of the arc plate 14, the linkage rod 19 completely enters the mounting hole, the linkage rod 19 drives the blocking plate 18 to move towards the direction of the linkage rod 19 through the hinge rod 21 in the process, the second spring 22 is stretched, so that the through hole on the blocking plate 18 is superposed with the seeding channel 17, and seeds in the seeding hole 16 can fall out of the seed discharging disc 12 through the seeding channel 17, and seeding is completed. When the arc abutting plate 23 is separated from the arc plate 14, the blocking plate 18 and the linkage rod 19 are reset under the action of the second spring 22 and the first spring 20, and the sowing channel 17 is restored to the blocking state. The arc abutting plates 23 on the four seed discharging plates 12 are sequentially contacted with the arc plates 14 to realize continuous seeding, and the seeding distance can be controlled by controlling the advancing speed of the driving trolley 1 and the data parameters of the speed changer 15.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine comprises a rack and a driving trolley (1) arranged on the rack, and is characterized in that the rack comprises a U-shaped frame (2) and a plurality of cross beams (3) fixed on the U-shaped frame (2), and seeding and fertilizing mechanisms are arranged on the cross beams (3) in a limiting and sliding manner;

the seeding and fertilizing mechanism comprises a supporting frame (4), wherein both ends of the supporting frame (4) are respectively provided with a furrow opener (5) and a land wheel (6), one end of the supporting frame (4) close to the furrow opener (5) is fixedly connected with a connecting piece, and the supporting frame (4) is in limit sliding fit with the cross beam (3) through the connecting piece; the bottom of the support frame (4) is rotatably connected with a seed metering device, a feed box (7) is installed at the top end of the support frame (4), a partition plate (8) is installed in the feed box (7), the feed box (7) is divided into a sowing box and a fertilizer box by the partition plate (8), a seed guide pipe (9) is installed at the bottom end of the sowing box, and the tail end of the seed guide pipe (9) corresponds to the seed metering device; a fertilizing tube (10) is mounted at the bottom end of the fertilizer box, a fertilizer feeding piece is mounted in the fertilizing tube (10), and the tail end of the fertilizing tube (10) is arranged corresponding to the seed sowing device;

the seed sowing device comprises a mounting disc (11) which is rotationally connected to the supporting frame (4), an annular mounting groove is formed in the circumferential direction of the side wall of the mounting disc (11), a plurality of seed sowing discs (12) are detachably connected in the annular mounting groove, two adjacent seed sowing discs (12) are in contact fit, the tail end of the seed guide pipe (9) is fixedly connected with a seed storage disc (13), and the seed storage disc (13) is in sliding fit with the seed sowing discs (12); the bottom end of the supporting frame (4) is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped plate (14), the arc-shaped plate (14) is positioned between the mounting plate (11) and the furrow opener (5), and the seed sowing plate (12) and the fertilizing pipe (10) are both arranged corresponding to the arc-shaped plate (14); a speed changer (15) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the supporting frame (4), and the land wheel (6) is in transmission fit with the mounting disc (11) through the speed changer (15);

a sowing hole (16) is formed in one side, close to the seed storage disc (13), of the seed discharging disc (12), a sowing channel (17) is formed in the side wall, far away from the mounting disc (11), of the seed discharging disc (12), the sowing channel (17) is communicated with the sowing hole (16), and the seed storage disc (13) and the sowing hole (16) are correspondingly arranged;

an installation cavity is formed in the seed discharging disc (12), a blocking plate (18) and a linkage rod (19) are installed in the installation cavity, a through hole is formed in the blocking plate (18), and the through hole is matched with the seeding channel (17); a mounting hole is formed in the side wall, away from the mounting disc (11), of the seed discharging disc (12), the linkage rod (19) is arranged in the mounting hole, a first spring (20) is arranged in the mounting hole, two ends of the first spring (20) are respectively and fixedly connected with the seed discharging disc (12) and the linkage rod (19), and one end, away from the first spring (20), of the linkage rod (19) extends out of the seed discharging disc (12) to abut against the arc-shaped plate (14); one end, close to the linkage rod (19), of the blocking plate (18) is hinged to a hinge rod (21), and the tail end of the hinge rod (21) is hinged to one end, close to the first spring (20), of the linkage rod (19); one end, far away from the hinged rod (21), of the blocking plate (18) is fixedly connected with a second spring (22), and the tail end of the second spring (22) is fixedly connected with the seed metering disc (12).

2. The sliding bar type crop intercropping, sowing and fertilizing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the linkage bar (19) is hinged at its end with an arc-shaped abutting plate (23), the arc-shaped abutting plate (23) is in sliding fit with the arc-shaped plate (14).

3. The sliding rod type crop intercropping, sowing and fertilizing machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the arc-shaped plate (14) and the seed plate (12) becomes shorter from top to bottom, and the distance between the end of the arc-shaped plate (14) and the seed plate (12) is adapted to the thickness of the arc-shaped abutting plate (23).

4. The slide bar type crop intercropping, sowing and fertilizing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer feeding member comprises a motor (24) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the material box (7), a conveying auger (25) is installed in the fertilizing tube (10), and the output shaft of the motor (24) is in transmission fit with the conveying auger (25).

5. The slide bar type crop intercropping seeding and fertilizing machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the connecting piece comprises a connecting ring (26) fixedly connected to the supporting frame (4), a U-shaped connecting block (27) is sleeved in the connecting ring (26), the U-shaped connecting block (27) is slidably sleeved on the cross beam (3), a clamping sleeve (28) is sleeved on the cross beam (3), and the U-shaped connecting block (27) is in limit fit with the cross beam (3) through the clamping sleeve (28).