CN114185082B - Coal seam downward collapse column detection method based on working face transmission seismic observation - Google Patents

Coal seam downward collapse column detection method based on working face transmission seismic observation Download PDF

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CN114185082B
CN114185082B CN202111457772.4A CN202111457772A CN114185082B CN 114185082 B CN114185082 B CN 114185082B CN 202111457772 A CN202111457772 A CN 202111457772A CN 114185082 B CN114185082 B CN 114185082B
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working face
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waves
points
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CN114185082A (en
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章俊
李纯阳
方金伟
刘盛东
任川
萧文浩
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind ofA method for detecting a coal seam underlying collapse column based on working face transmission seismic observation includes the steps of firstly arranging a working face transmission seismic observation system, then conducting excitation of excitation points and receiving seismic wave processes of receiving points, further building a working face three-dimensional scattering imaging model according to obtained data, gridding the model, then calculating main polarization direction energy of each grid respectively, further calculating different types of wave energy of each grid between all excitation points and detection points in sequence, conducting similar wave direct superposition on all different types of wave energy obtained by each grid, and obtaining E after superposition of each grid ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finally E is arranged ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol And the three-dimensional imaging device is respectively arranged in a P wave imaging model, an SH wave imaging model and an SV wave imaging model to respectively form three-dimensional imaging of P waves, SH waves and SV waves of the working face bottom plate, and finally, the position of the coal seam underlying collapse column can be accurately detected according to the three-dimensional imaging.

Description

Coal seam downward collapse column detection method based on working face transmission seismic observation
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection method of a coal seam underlying collapse column based on working face transmission seismic observation, and belongs to the technical field of seismic transmission channel wave exploration.
Background
Mine water damage is one of main disasters which restrict coal mine safety mining in China for a long time. In recent years, coal mine water damage accidents caused by water guide channels (karst collapse columns, faults, fracture zones, old kiln roadways, goafs and the like) frequently occur, and the damage to safe production and lives and properties of people is extremely serious. The submerged pillars of the coal seam are the type of submerged pillars which are still in development stage and are not collapsed to the coal seam, have the characteristics of poor compaction cementing degree, strong water conductivity and high concealment, are main disaster sources of great water inrush of the working face of the coal mine, and cause serious and extra-large accidents of the water inrush flooding well of the coal mine in recent years for many times. Therefore, the key hidden disaster-causing element of accurately finding out the falling column of the coal seam before stoping the working face is a great requirement for guaranteeing safe and efficient production of the coal mine.
Due to the limitation of the surface conditions and the influence of the upper group of goafs, the coal seam roof interface and the like, the coal field three-dimensional earthquake is difficult to accurately ascertain the coal seam underlying collapse column. In the geophysical prospecting of the mine, the seismic transmission channel wave exploration and radio pit penetration technology is a main technology for exploring the stope face, but because the coal seam underlying collapse column is located below the coal seam bottom plate and does not damage the coal seam, the channel waves and radio waves which are observed in the limited vertical space of the roadway of the working face and propagate along the coal seam are difficult to respond to the rock mass information of the deep part of the bottom plate, so that the underlying collapse column below the coal seam bottom plate cannot be effectively detected, the safe and efficient production of the coal mine cannot be guaranteed, and therefore, how to provide a method for accurately detecting the underlying collapse column below the coal seam bottom plate is a problem which needs to be solved in the earthquake industry of the mine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a coal seam downward collapse column detection method based on the transmission seismic observation of a working face, which can realize the accurate detection of the downward collapse column below a coal seam bottom plate through the transmission seismic observation of the working face without additionally adding detection equipment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a coal seam down collapse column detection method based on working face transmission seismic observation comprises the following specific steps:
step one: defining the extraction direction of a working surface as X, defining the cutting direction of the working surface as Y, defining the direction vertical to the top and bottom plates as Z, and establishing an XYZ coordinate system of the working surface; a plurality of receiving points are distributed on the side wall of the belt roadway of the working surface, which is close to one side of the working surface, and the plurality of receiving points are arranged at equal intervals and are positioned on the same straight line; each receiving point is provided with a three-component detector, each three-component detector is connected with the seismometer, a plurality of excitation points are distributed on the side wall of the track lane of the working face, which is close to one side of the working face, the excitation points are arranged at equal intervals and are positioned on the same straight line, each excitation point is provided with a seismic source, each receiving point and each excitation point are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the distribution work of the transmission seismic observation system of the working face is completed;
step two: the earthquake sources on a plurality of excitation points are sequentially excited, three-component detectors on each receiving point respectively receive earthquake wave signals of each earthquake source (namely, when each excitation point excites earthquake waves, the three-component detectors on each receiving point respectively receive earthquake wave signals once) and transmit the earthquake wave signals to the seismometer for recording and analysis, a three-dimensional scattering imaging model of the working face is obtained, a coordinate system of the imaging model is consistent with the working face XYZ, wherein Z=0 represents a position of a coal seam bottom plate 0m, X and Y represent positions in the trend and width directions of the working face respectively, and the XYZ space of the working face is gridded to form l multiplied by w multiplied by d grids which are respectively spaced by delta X, delta Y and delta Z in three directions;
step three: let a certain grid have trapping column scattering points, and the background speed is v i Then the travel time t of scattered waves between a certain excitation point and a detection point of the grid can be calculated i Propagation path vector
Figure GDA0004030084750000021
The propagation path direction determines the polarization direction of the theoretical P, SH and SV waves, i.e. the vector +.>
Figure GDA0004030084750000022
And->
Figure GDA0004030084750000023
Step four, calculating all t in the signals of all the excitation points received by all the wave detection points by using a self-adaptive covariance polarization analysis method based on wavelet transformation i Main polarization direction of three-component signal at time
Figure GDA0004030084750000024
And synthesizing energy of corresponding moments of the X, Y component and the Z component into a main polarization direction to form main polarization direction energy E i ；
Step five: setting a background speed value interval v min ,v max ]The background speed takes on the value of the interval Deltav, and is not utilizedSame background velocity v 1 ,v 2 ……v n Acquiring a travel time t of scattered waves from a certain grid scattering point to a certain excitation point and a detection point 1 ,t 2 ……t n Corresponding main polarization direction energy E 1 ,E 2 ……E n Wherein maximum E max I.e. the energy of the main polarization direction of the scattering points of the grid, whereby the energy of the main polarization direction can be determined according to the main polarization direction at that time
Figure GDA0004030084750000025
And in theory P, SH and the polarization direction of SV wave +.>
Figure GDA0004030084750000026
And->
Figure GDA0004030084750000027
The included angle between the two waves extracts the energy of the corresponding different types of waves, which are respectively marked as E pi 、E shi And E is svi ；
Step six: repeating the fifth step, sequentially calculating different types of wave energy of each grid between all excitation points and detection points (namely respectively obtaining different types of wave energy between each excitation point and detection point for the same grid), and directly superposing all different types of wave energy obtained by each grid with similar waves to obtain E after superposition of each grid ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol ；
Step seven: and D, different types of scattered wave energy E of the grid obtained in the step six ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol And the three-dimensional imaging device is respectively arranged in a P wave imaging model, an SH wave imaging model and an SV wave imaging model to respectively form three-dimensional imaging of P waves, SH waves and SV waves of the working face bottom plate, and finally, the position of the coal seam underlying collapse column can be accurately detected according to the three-dimensional imaging.
Further, the distance between adjacent receiving points is 10m; the distance between adjacent excitation points is 10m.
Further, the third step specifically comprises:
let the coordinates of the central point of the grid be (X) i ，Y i ，Z i ) Excitation point coordinates were (x si ，y si ，z si ) And the coordinates of the receiving points are (x ri ，y ri ，z ri ) Then scattered wave travel time t i The method comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0004030084750000031
propagation path
Figure GDA0004030084750000032
The method comprises the following steps: />
Figure GDA0004030084750000033
From the polarization theory of seismic waves, vectors
Figure GDA0004030084750000034
Parallel to propagation path->
Figure GDA0004030084750000035
Figure GDA0004030084750000036
Perpendicular to the plane of the excitation point and the reception point and is +.>
Figure GDA0004030084750000037
Vertical (I)>
Figure GDA0004030084750000038
Is located in the plane of the excitation point and the reception point and is +.>
Figure GDA0004030084750000039
Perpendicular, therefore, vectors can be sequentially determined according to the space vector calculation method>
Figure GDA00040300847500000310
And->
Figure GDA00040300847500000311
Further, the step four specifically includes:
(1) Wavelet transformation is carried out on the three-component signals by adopting Morlet wavelet, and self-adaptive covariance matrix polarization analysis is carried out, so that 3 eigenvalues and lambda of a matrix M are obtained 1 ＞λ 2 ＞λ 3 And corresponding feature vector
Figure GDA00040300847500000312
V respectively kx ，v ky ，v kz K=1, 2,3, whereby the signal can be calculated: />
Main polarization direction
Figure GDA00040300847500000313
Inclination angle
Figure GDA00040300847500000314
Azimuth angle alpha i ＝arctan(v 1y /v 1x )
(2) Main polarization direction energy E i Is calculated by (1):
the amplitudes of the three-component seismic signals are squared to obtain corresponding energies, E respectively x 、E y And E is z Synthesizing energy in three directions to the main polarization direction to obtain:
E i ＝E x cosα i cosδ i +E y sinα i cosδ i +E z sinδ i 。
further, the fifth step specifically comprises:
(1) First using different background speeds v 1 ,v 2 ……v n Calculating t of travel time of scattered waves from a certain grid scattering point to a certain excitation point and a detection point 1 ,t 2 ……t n ；
(2) Comparing the energy of the grid scattered wave in the main polarization direction at different speeds, and selecting the maximum energy value E max ；
(3) Calculating the included angle cos theta between the main polarization direction and the theoretical P wave, SH wave and SV wave tp 、cosθ tsh And cos theta tsv ：
Figure GDA0004030084750000041
(4) Three extracted grid scattered wave energies are calculated:
E pi ＝E max ×cosθ tp ；E shi ＝E max ×cosθ tsh ；E svi ＝E max ×cosθ tsv
(5) Therefore, the signal extraction of different types of scattered waves can be completed, the process of the signal extraction is related to imaging point positions and signal original characteristics, the signal extraction has full spatial characteristics, and a means is provided for accurately acquiring scattered wave signals of a coal seam underlying collapse column.
Compared with the prior art, the invention firstly lays a working face transmission seismic observation system, then carries out the process of receiving seismic waves of excitation points and receiving points, further establishes a working face three-dimensional scattering imaging model according to the obtained data, then gridzes the model, then calculates the main polarization direction energy of each grid respectively, further calculates the different types of wave energy of each grid between all excitation points and detection points in turn (namely, obtains the different types of wave energy between each excitation point and detection point respectively for the same grid), and directly superimposes the same type of wave energy obtained by each grid to obtain E after the superposition of each grid ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Finally, different types of scattered wave energy E ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol And the three-dimensional imaging device is respectively arranged in a P wave imaging model, an SH wave imaging model and an SV wave imaging model to respectively form three-dimensional imaging of P waves, SH waves and SV waves of the working face bottom plate, and finally, the position of the coal seam underlying collapse column can be accurately detected according to the three-dimensional imaging. The invention constructs the vertical downward scattered wave detection by extracting the scattered wave capable of reflecting the information of the rock mass of the bottom plate from the double-lane transmission seismic wave propagated by the bottom plateThe model synchronously realizes longitudinal and transverse wave vector separation on the basis of dynamic polarization filtering, performs three-dimensional imaging according to energy, and finally realizes the purpose of detecting the falling column of the coal seam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a face transmission seismic observation system in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional detection model of a working surface built in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the main polarization direction energy synthesis in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of three-dimensional detection results of a coal seam subsidence column in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, the specific steps of the present invention are:
step one: defining the extraction direction of a working surface as X, defining the cutting direction of the working surface as Y, defining the direction vertical to the top and bottom plates as Z, and establishing an XYZ coordinate system of the working surface; a plurality of receiving points are distributed on the side wall of the belt roadway of the working surface, which is close to one side of the working surface, and the plurality of receiving points are arranged at equal intervals of 10m and are positioned on the same straight line; each receiving point is provided with a three-component detector, each three-component detector is connected with the seismometer, a plurality of excitation points are distributed on the side wall of the track lane of the working face, which is close to one side of the working face, the excitation points are arranged at equal intervals by 10m and are positioned on the same straight line, each excitation point is provided with a seismic source, each receiving point and each excitation point are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the distribution work of the transmission seismic observation system of the working face is completed;
step two: the seismic sources on a plurality of excitation points are sequentially excited, three-component detectors on each receiving point respectively receive the seismic wave signals of each seismic source (namely, when each excitation point excites the seismic waves, the three-component detectors on each receiving point respectively receive the seismic wave signals once) and transmit the seismic signals to the seismometer for recording and analysis, a three-dimensional scattering imaging model of the working surface is obtained (the three-dimensional scattering imaging model is divided into a P-wave imaging model, an SH-wave imaging model and an SV-wave imaging model), as shown in fig. 2, the coordinate system of the imaging model is consistent with the working surface XYZ, wherein Z=0 represents the position of a coal seam bottom plate 0m, X and Y represent the positions in the trend and width directions of the working surface respectively, and the XYZ space of the working surface is gridded to form a total l multiplied by w multiplied by d grids which are respectively separated by delta X, delta Y and delta Z in three directions;
step three: let a certain grid have trapping column scattering points, and the background speed is v i Then the travel time t of scattered waves between a certain excitation point and a detection point of the grid can be calculated i Propagation path vector
Figure GDA0004030084750000051
The propagation path direction determines the polarization direction of the theoretical P, SH and SV waves, i.e. the vector +.>
Figure GDA0004030084750000052
And->
Figure GDA0004030084750000053
The method comprises the following steps:
let the coordinates of the central point of the grid be (X) i ，Y i ，Z i ) Excitation point coordinates were (x si ，y si ，z si ) And the coordinates of the receiving points are (x ri ，y ri ，z ri ) Then scattered wave travel time t i The method comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0004030084750000061
propagation path
Figure GDA0004030084750000062
The method comprises the following steps: />
Figure GDA0004030084750000063
From the polarization theory of seismic waves, vectors
Figure GDA0004030084750000064
Parallel to propagation path->
Figure GDA0004030084750000065
Figure GDA0004030084750000066
Perpendicular to the plane of the excitation point and the reception point and is +.>
Figure GDA0004030084750000067
Vertical (I)>
Figure GDA0004030084750000068
Is located in the plane of the excitation point and the reception point and is +.>
Figure GDA0004030084750000069
Perpendicular, therefore, vectors can be sequentially determined according to the space vector calculation method>
Figure GDA00040300847500000610
And->
Figure GDA00040300847500000611
Step four, calculating all t in the signals of all the excitation points received by all the wave detection points by using a self-adaptive covariance polarization analysis method based on wavelet transformation i Main polarization direction of three-component signal at time
Figure GDA00040300847500000612
As shown in FIG. 3, the energy of the corresponding moments of the X, Y component and the Z component is synthesized to the main polarization direction to form the main polarization direction energy E i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Wavelet transformation is carried out on the three-component signals by adopting Morlet wavelet, and self-adaptive covariance matrix polarization analysis is carried out, so that 3 eigenvalues and lambda of a matrix M are obtained 1 ＞λ 2 ＞λ 3 And corresponding feature vector
Figure GDA00040300847500000613
V respectively kx ，v ky ，v kz K=1, 2,3, whereby the signal can be calculated: />
Main polarization direction
Figure GDA00040300847500000614
Inclination angle
Figure GDA00040300847500000615
Azimuth angle alpha i ＝arctan(v 1y /v 1x )
(2) Main polarization direction energy E i Is calculated by (1):
the amplitudes of the three-component seismic signals are squared to obtain corresponding energies, E respectively x 、E y And E is z Synthesizing energy in three directions to the main polarization direction to obtain:
E i ＝E x cosα i cosδ i +E y sinα i cosδ i +E z sinδ i 。
step five: setting a background speed value interval v min ,v max ]The background speed takes on the interval Deltav, and different background speeds v are utilized 1 ,v 2 ……v n Acquiring a travel time t of scattered waves from a certain grid scattering point to a certain excitation point and a detection point 1 ,t 2 ……t n Corresponding main polarization direction energy E 1 ,E 2 ……E n Wherein maximum E max I.e. the energy of the main polarization direction of the scattering points of the grid, whereby the energy of the main polarization direction can be determined according to the main polarization direction at that time
Figure GDA0004030084750000071
And in theory P, SH and the polarization direction of SV wave +.>
Figure GDA0004030084750000072
And->
Figure GDA0004030084750000073
The included angle between the two waves extracts the energy of the corresponding different types of waves, which are respectively marked as E pi 、E shi And E is svi The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method comprises the following steps:
(1) First using different background speeds v 1 ,v 2 ……v n Calculating t of travel time of scattered waves from a certain grid scattering point to a certain excitation point and a detection point 1 ,t 2 ……t n ；
(2) Comparing the energy of the grid scattered wave in the main polarization direction at different speeds, and selecting the maximum energy value E max ；
(3) Calculating the included angle cos theta between the main polarization direction and the theoretical P wave, SH wave and SV wave tp 、cosθ tsh And cos theta tsv ：
Figure GDA0004030084750000074
(4) Three extracted grid scattered wave energies are calculated:
E pi ＝E max ×cosθ tp ；E shi ＝E max ×cosθ tsh ；E svi ＝E max ×cosθ tsv
(5) Therefore, the signal extraction of different types of scattered waves can be completed, the process of the signal extraction is related to imaging point positions and signal original characteristics, the signal extraction has full spatial characteristics, and a means is provided for accurately acquiring scattered wave signals of a coal seam underlying collapse column.
Step six: repeating the fifth step, sequentially calculating different types of wave energy of each grid between all excitation points and detection points (namely respectively obtaining different types of wave energy between each excitation point and detection point for the same grid), and directly superposing all different types of wave energy obtained by each grid with similar waves to obtain E after superposition of each grid ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol ；
Step seven: and D, different types of scattered wave energy E of the grid obtained in the step six ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol And the three-dimensional imaging device is respectively arranged in a P wave imaging model, an SH wave imaging model and an SV wave imaging model to respectively form three-dimensional imaging of P waves, SH waves and SV waves of the bottom plate of the working face, and finally, the position of the submerged collapse column of the coal seam can be accurately detected according to the three-dimensional imaging, as shown in fig. 4.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A coal seam down collapse column detection method based on working face transmission seismic observation is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one: defining the extraction direction of a working surface as X, defining the cutting direction of the working surface as Y, defining the direction vertical to the top and bottom plates as Z, and establishing an XYZ coordinate system of the working surface; a plurality of receiving points are distributed on the side wall of the belt roadway of the working surface, which is close to one side of the working surface, and the plurality of receiving points are arranged at equal intervals and are positioned on the same straight line; each receiving point is provided with a three-component detector, each three-component detector is connected with the seismometer, a plurality of excitation points are distributed on the side wall of the track lane of the working face, which is close to one side of the working face, the excitation points are arranged at equal intervals and are positioned on the same straight line, each excitation point is provided with a seismic source, each receiving point and each excitation point are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the distribution work of the transmission seismic observation system of the working face is completed;
step two: the seismic sources on the excitation points are sequentially excited, three-component detectors on the receiving points respectively receive seismic wave signals of the seismic sources and transmit the seismic wave signals to a seismometer for recording and analysis, a three-dimensional scattering imaging model of the working face is obtained, a coordinate system of the imaging model is consistent with the working face XYZ, Z=0 represents a position of a coal seam bottom plate 0m, X and Y represent positions in the trend and width directions of the working face respectively, and the XYZ space of the working face is gridded to form l multiplied by w multiplied by d grids which are respectively in three directions and are spaced by delta X, delta Y and delta Z;
step three: let a certain grid have trapping column scattering points, and the background speed is v i Then the travel time t of scattered waves between a certain excitation point and a detection point of the grid can be calculated i Propagation path vector
Figure FDA0004030084740000011
The propagation path direction determines the polarization direction of the theoretical P, SH and SV waves, i.e. the vector +.>
Figure FDA0004030084740000012
And->
Figure FDA0004030084740000013
Step four, calculating all t in the signals of all the excitation points received by all the wave detection points by using a self-adaptive covariance polarization analysis method based on wavelet transformation i Main polarization direction of three-component signal at time
Figure FDA0004030084740000014
And synthesizing energy of corresponding moments of the X, Y component and the Z component into a main polarization direction to form main polarization direction energy E i ；
Step five: setting a background speed value interval v min ,v max ]The background speed takes on the interval Deltav, and different background speeds v are utilized 1 ,v 2 ……v n Acquiring a travel time t of scattered waves from a certain grid scattering point to a certain excitation point and a detection point 1 ,t 2 ……t n Corresponding main polarization direction energy E 1 ,E 2 ……E n Wherein maximum E max I.e. the energy of the main polarization direction of the scattering points of the grid, whereby the energy of the main polarization direction can be determined according to the main polarization direction at that time
Figure FDA0004030084740000015
And in theory P, SH and the polarization direction of SV wave +.>
Figure FDA0004030084740000016
And->
Figure FDA0004030084740000017
The included angle between the two waves extracts the energy of the corresponding different types of waves, which are respectively marked as E pi 、E shi And E is svi ；
Step six: repeating the fifth step, sequentially calculating different types of wave energy of each grid between all excitation points and detection points, and directly superposing the same type of wave energy obtained by each grid to obtain E after superposition of each grid ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol ；
Step seven: and D, different types of scattered wave energy E of the grid obtained in the step six ptol 、E shtol And E is svtol And the three-dimensional imaging device is respectively arranged in a P wave imaging model, an SH wave imaging model and an SV wave imaging model to respectively form three-dimensional imaging of P waves, SH waves and SV waves of the working face bottom plate, and finally, the position of the coal seam underlying collapse column can be accurately detected according to the three-dimensional imaging.
2. The method for detecting the subsidence post under the coal seam based on the transmission seismic observation of the working face according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent receiving points is 10m; the distance between adjacent excitation points is 10m.
3. The method for detecting the subsidence column under the coal seam based on the transmission seismic observation of the working face according to claim 1, wherein the third step is specifically as follows:
let the coordinates of the central point of the grid be (X) i ，Y i ，Z i ) Excitation point coordinates were (x si ，y si ，z si ) And the coordinates of the receiving points are (x ri ，y ri ，z ri ) Then scattered wave travel time t i The method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0004030084740000021
propagation path
Figure FDA0004030084740000022
The method comprises the following steps: />
Figure FDA0004030084740000023
From the polarization theory of seismic waves, vectors
Figure FDA0004030084740000024
Parallel to propagation path->
Figure FDA0004030084740000025
Figure FDA0004030084740000026
Perpendicular to the plane of the excitation point and the reception point and is +.>
Figure FDA0004030084740000027
Vertical (I)>
Figure FDA0004030084740000028
Is located in the plane of the excitation point and the reception point and is +.>
Figure FDA0004030084740000029
Perpendicular, therefore, vectors can be sequentially determined according to the space vector calculation method>
Figure FDA00040300847400000210
And->
Figure FDA00040300847400000211
4. The method for detecting the subsidence column under the coal seam based on the transmission seismic observation of the working face according to claim 1, wherein the step four is specifically as follows:
(1) Wavelet transformation is carried out on the three-component signals by adopting Morlet wavelet, and self-adaptive covariance matrix polarization analysis is carried out, so that 3 eigenvalues and lambda of a matrix M are obtained 1 ＞λ 2 ＞λ 3 And corresponding feature vector
Figure FDA00040300847400000212
V respectively kx ，v ky ，v kz K=1, 2,3, whereby the signal can be calculated:
main polarization direction
Figure FDA00040300847400000213
Inclination angle
Figure FDA00040300847400000214
Azimuth angle alpha i ＝arctan(v 1y /v 1x )
(2) Main polarization direction energy E i Is calculated by (1):
the amplitudes of the three-component seismic signals are squared to obtain corresponding energies, E respectively x 、E y And E is z Synthesizing energy in three directions to the main polarization direction to obtain:
E i ＝E x cosα i cosδ i +E y sinα i cosδ i +E z sinδ i 。
5. the method for detecting the subsidence column under the coal seam based on the transmission seismic observation of the working face according to claim 1, wherein the fifth step is specifically as follows:
(1) First using different background speeds v 1 ,v 2 ……v n Calculating t of travel time of scattered waves from a certain grid scattering point to a certain excitation point and a detection point 1 ,t 2 ……t n ；
(2) Comparing grid scattered waves at different speedsThe energy of the lower main polarization direction is selected to be the maximum energy value E max ；
(3) Calculating the included angle cos theta between the main polarization direction and the theoretical P wave, SH wave and SV wave tp 、cosθ tsh And cos theta tsv ：
Figure FDA0004030084740000031
(4) Three extracted grid scattered wave energies are calculated:
E pi ＝E max ×cosθ tp ；E shi ＝E max ×cosθ tsh ；E svi ＝E max ×cosθ tsv
(5) Thus, signal extraction of different types of scattered waves can be completed.
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