CN104880729B - A kind of Advance Detection of Coal Roadway anomalous structure method based on continuously tracking slot wave signal - Google Patents
A kind of Advance Detection of Coal Roadway anomalous structure method based on continuously tracking slot wave signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of based on the Advance Detection of Coal Roadway anomalous structure method for continuously tracking slot wave signal, which concretely comprises the following steps：(1) slot wave detection observation system is set up；(2) using hammering, hammer point is located at the middle part of wave detector J2 and wave detector J3 to focus；(3) extraction of reflection groove wave energy envelope；(4) by the time t corresponding to reflection groove wave energy envelope, come the position of inverting reflecting interface；(5) position for inferring anomalous structure is analyzed over time and space using the reflection slot wave signal that continuously tracking detection is received to tunnel various location；Only need a hammer point be tested, and measure precision height, be easy to timely guide field to tunnel safely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on the Advance Detection of Coal Roadway anomalous structure method for continuously tracking slot wave signal, belong to coal road
Advanced detection technology field.
Background technology
China is a country with coal as main energy sources, and China's coal-mine mining conditions are extremely complex, by water damage,
Multiple natural calamity puzzlements such as bump, coal and gas prominent, geological fault, ground temperature.Various disasters manifest increasingly, and colliery is pacified
Full problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and the accident of mine disaster such as down-hole injures and deaths takes place frequently, and seriously governs the safety in production of coal industry field.These mine calamities
Evil is mainly relevant with Geological Structure in Coal Mine, and in coal roadway tunneling, frequently encounters the anomalous structures such as goaf, tomography, karst collapse col umn,
The driving progress of coal road is seriously govern, and therefore, in front of prediction coal road, anomalous structure is very heavy for safety driving is played
The realistic meaning that wants.
The forward probe means that coal master wants at present are detected using probing, but drilling operation efficiency is low and has one
The limitation of the opinion in hole, if construction wrong also can result in the accidents such as gas explosion and gushing water.Under this background, geophysics
Method obtains the development that advances by leaps and bounds recent years；The geophysical method that advanced prediction is carried out in coal road at present mainly includes ground
Shake class, electromagnetic method class and other class technology, are wherein used for structural exploration in front of coal road and mainly adopt earthquake class method, such as MSP skills
Art, RTSP technology etc.；But MSP, RTSP technology is generally needed in a large amount of blastholes of left and right side arrangement or hammer point and three component geophone
Point, engineering time are long, and subsequent processing steps are more, are unfavorable for instructing headwork in time, and affect headwork progress.Other mesh
Though front have by reflecting the method that slot wave carries out anomalous structure forward probe, its detection process is the reflection groove by receiving
Ripple, then detects the peak swing of reflection slot wave and its corresponding time, and then draws the anomalous structure in detection front；But
It is that the waveform for causing the reflection slot wave for receiving as environment is more complicated in coal road impacted can be overlapped mutually, so to follow-up
Detect that peak swing is more difficult, it is impossible to effectively detect the position of anomalous structure.
Content of the invention
For the problem that above-mentioned prior art is present, the present invention provides a kind of coal road based on continuously tracking slot wave signal and surpasses
Front detection anomalous structure method, only needs a hammer point be tested, and detects precision height, and the engineering time is short, after
Continuous process is simple, is easy to timely guide field to tunnel safely.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is：This kind is based on the coal for continuously tracking slot wave signal
Lane forward probe anomalous structure method, which concretely comprises the following steps：
(1) slot wave detection observation system is set up：
In coal road one wave detector J1 of left side arrangement, away from the 0～35m that meets head on；Two wave detector J2 are arranged at the coal road place of meeting head on
With wave detector J3, away from 0～2m of left side, wave detector J3 is away from 0～2m of right side for wave detector J2；In coal road one wave detector of right side arrangement
J4, away from the 0～35m that meets head on；Four wave detectors are arranged in the middle part of coal seam；
(2) using hammering, hammer point is located at the middle part of wave detector J2 and wave detector J3 to focus；After four wave detectors will be hammered
The seismic data for detecting is stored in main frame；
(3) extraction of reflection groove wave energy envelope：
Ith, the above-mentioned original seismic data for detecting is normalized, including between amplitude recovery, road balance and
Road inner equilibrium；
IIth, dominant frequency and the frequency range of seismic signal is determined by spectrum analysis and dispersion analysis；
IIIth, bandpass filtering is carried out to normalized geological data；
IVth, static correction is carried out to filtered data；
Vth, to static correction after data carry out time frequency analysis after, the time of four road signals of four wave detectors can be obtained
(T), the respective value of frequency (F) and energy (P)；
VIth, the energy of four above-mentioned road signals is overlapped, will the corresponding energy of identical point (T, F) in two dimensional surface
P values are added, and complete the extraction of primary event slot wave energy envelope, while drawing the time t corresponding to reflection groove wave energy envelope；
(4) the time t according to corresponding to reflection groove wave energy envelope, comes the position of inverting wave impedance interface, and which is located at spy
Location is put at before and after s=v*t/2；According to colliery excavation yardstick, repeat step (2) and (3) is carried out every 10～80m；?
Go out the time corresponding to multiple reflections slot wave energy envelope；
(5) by continuous tracking detection, the reflection slot wave signal received by tunnel various location is in time and space
On be analyzed, draw the position of the position of wave impedance interface, i.e. anomalous structure, specific as follows：
If the time corresponding to detection reflection groove wave energy envelope is T1 for the first time；Second detection reflection groove wave energy bag
Time corresponding to network is T2, and detection driving distance is S twice, and the speed that slot wave is propagated in coal seam is V, then：
IfThen for the first time in front of detectionThere is wave impedance interface, i.e. anomalous structure in place；IfRear is then detected for the first timeThere is wave impedance interface, i.e. anomalous structure in place；IfThen
Illustrate the energy envelope for reflecting from roof and floor；
In sum, by tunnel various location is continuously tracked the reflection groove wave energy envelope that receives of detection when
Between and relation spatially predicting the wave impedance interface i.e. position of anomalous structure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention be predicted based on reflection slot wave signal and using energy envelope, when in coal seam
During middle earthquake-wave-exciting, as top, floor rocks speed are apparently higher than the spread speed of seismic wave in coal seam, work as layered halfspace
Angle can be totally reflected when being more than critical angle, through multiple total reflection mixing superposition, form slot wave in coal seam, and slot wave is used as one
Group's energy is strapped in coal seam to be propagated.If running into anomalous structure, slot wave will be reflected in interface, by reflecting slot wave
The energy envelope corresponding time carrys out distance of the inverting wave impedance interface (i.e. anomalous structure) away from detecting location, and by connecting to tunnel
The reflection groove wave energy envelope that continuous tracking detection is received relation over time and space comes the concrete position of predicted anomaly construction
Put；Only need a hammer point be tested, as the energy of seismic wave after hammering mainly determines reflection in coal road, therefore
The energy envelope of slot wave, can draw the position of anomalous structure；Which measures, and precision is high, and subsequent treatment is simple, is easy to guidance in time
Site safety is tunneled.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the slot wave forward probe layout chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the slot wave tracking detection schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of data processing figure of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, of the invention concretely comprise the following steps：
(1) slot wave detection observation system is set up：
In coal road one wave detector J1 of left side arrangement, away from the 0～35m that meets head on；Two wave detector J2 are arranged at the coal road place of meeting head on
With wave detector J3, away from 0～2m of left side, wave detector J3 is away from 0～2m of right side for wave detector J2；In coal road one wave detector of right side arrangement
J4, away from the 0～35m that meets head on；Four wave detectors are arranged in the middle part of coal seam；
(2) using hammering, hammer point is located at the middle part of wave detector J2 and wave detector J3 to focus；After four wave detectors will be hammered
The seismic data for detecting is stored in main frame；
(3) extraction of reflection groove wave energy envelope：
Ith, the above-mentioned original seismic data for detecting is normalized, including between amplitude recovery, road balance and
Recover in road；
A, amplitude recovery：After epicenter excitation produces seismic wave, due to diffusion of the seismic wave in underground medium, and
Absorption of the underground medium to seismic wave so that the reflected amplitude received by four wave detectors reduces.In order that reflection is shaken
Width is actual with the characteristics of the reflecting layer of medium to be combined, and needs to carry out amplitude recovery process, and concrete grammar is as follows：
If underground medium is uniform, then the amplitude A away from seismic wave at focus r is：
In formula
A0 is without diffusion, the real amplitude value without inhalation effects；
1/r is the invasin of seismic wave；
β is the absorption coefficient of medium；
T is the hourage of the reflected amplitude for receiving；
Original amplitude value A through above formula backstepping back wave0
A0=Areβt(2)
According to actual travel routes r=vt of back wave, v is the average speed that seismic wave is propagated in media as well, then have：
A0=Avteβt(3)
The amplitude that back wave can be recovered by formula (3)；
Balance between b, road
In earthquake record reflected energy with geophone offset increase and decay, be in addition likely to because excite and condition of acceptance difference
Different, the energy between Shi Daoyu roads is unbalanced；And during common depth point stack, can be formed because energy is unbalanced and not wait sensitivity to fold
Plus, Overlay is affected, now, the process similar to dynamic balancing is carried out, Jiang Gedao is exported after being multiplied by different power, and energy is little
Road is multiplied by authority, and the big road of energy is multiplied by little Quan, so that the energy in each road reaches equilibrium.Concrete grammar is as follows：
If recorded trace number to be equalized is m roads, its total mean amplitude of tide is
The mean amplitude of tide of per pass is
In formula i be road sequence number, j be road in sampled point sequence number, n be recorded trace in sampled point total number, fi,jFor the i-th road jth
Amplitude before point equilibrium；
Weight coefficient on i-th road can be calculated by above formula
For each sampled point in the i-th road, WiIt is constant, the amplitude after the i-th trace equalization is
Fi,j=Wi×fi,j
Every trace record is all processed as stated above, Balance Treatment between just completing；
C, road inner equilibrium
Certain ratio is compressed to relative for ripple strong for energy in road, then ripple relative increase weak for energy to certain ratio
Example, the amplitude controlling of smooth sea and high-amplitude wave within certain dynamic range.
If recorded trace total length to be equalized is N number of sampled point, it is divided into K sections, per section is 2M+1 sampled point, if Ei
It is the mean amplitude of tide in per section
In formula：
fiAmplitude to be equalized
Sampled point serial number in m each record segment
The whole trace record sampled point serial numbers of i
Inverse with mean amplitude of tideUsed as weight coefficient, then the amplitude after equilibrium treatment is：
Fi=Wi*fi*C
In above formula, C is referred to as road inner equilibrium coefficient, is constant, adjusts the display amplitude of amplitude；
IIth, dominant frequency and the frequency range of seismic signal is determined by spectrum analysis and dispersion analysis；
A, spectrum analysis
By Fourier transform, the amplitude of signal is represented in the form of frequency, analyze its frequency characteristic, try to achieve seismic wave
Dominant frequency, specific as follows：
Fourier transform：
Carry out spectrum analysis to signal using computer Matlab softwares, so the dominant frequency by spectrogram read signal and
Frequency range；
B, by the dispersion analysis to SH type grooves phase velocity of wave and group velocity, try to achieve the theoretical dominant frequency of seismic wave, specifically such as
Under：
The dispersion curve governing equation of SH type groove phases velocity of wave：
The dispersion curve governing equation of SH type groove group velocitys：
In formula, f is frequency, and d is the half of coal seam thickness, and c is the phase velocity that SH type groove ripples are propagated in coal seam, and β is S ripples
Spread speed in coal seam, βrfIt is speed of the S ripples in rock stratum, μcIt is the modulus of shearing in coal seam, μrfIt is the shearing of roof and floor
Modulus；
C, the dominant frequency for respectively obtaining seismic wave by step A and step B, take its mean value as the center frequency of bandpass filtering
Rate ω0；
IIIth, bandpass filtering is carried out, centre frequency is ω to normalized geological data0, frequency range read from spectrogram；
IVth, static correction is carried out to filtered data；
If Fig. 1 is in observation system, the position of 4 road wave detectors of common-source point is different, and the signal for receiving has the time difference,
These time differences are removed from observation time in earthquake record, the geological data for measuring is shown as in same level；
Vth, to static correction after data carry out time frequency analysis, the time of four road signals of four wave detectors can be obtained
(T), the respective value of frequency (F) and energy (P)；
Time frequency analysis are used for the relation between signal Analysis frequency components and time component；Any time frequency can be reacted
The density or intensity of rate；
Time frequency analysis based on continuous wavelet transform are designed：
When continuous wavelet transform is built, Morlet small echos are female wave functions.
The functional equation of Morlet small echos：
In formula,Criterion, C is allowed for small echoσFor normaliztion constant, which is defined as follows：
Fourier transform corresponding to Morlet small echos is：
Centre frequency ωψIt is the Fourier transform corresponding to Morlet small echosMaximum determined, this
The solution of individual centre frequency is：
Parameter σ determines the relation between time domain and frequency domain, for coal seam in slot wave, waveform frequency changes over very
Hurry up, therefore, σ can not take the value of very little.As restrictive condition σ>When 5, κσVery little can be become, be similar to 0, then formula (5.1) is changed into：
Here σ is dimensionless frequency, takes σ=π (2/ln2) here1/2=5.336 meet enabled condition, CσFor normalization often
Measure, here Cσ=1.The Fourier transform of Morlet small echos is：
In order to ensure the Morlet conversion between signal under each zoom factor s has comparativity, needing will be each
Wavelet function under individual scaling s does normalized so as to which, with identical unit energy, its formula is as follows：
Under each zoom factor s, have
N is frequency factor.
VIth, the energy of four above-mentioned road signals is overlapped, will the corresponding energy of identical point (T, F) in two dimensional surface
P values are added, and work as T=T1=T2=T3=T4, during F=F1=F2=F3=F4, seek P=P1+P2+P3+P4；Complete primary event
The extraction of slot wave energy envelope, while draw the time t corresponding to reflection groove wave energy envelope；
(4) the time t according to corresponding to reflection groove wave energy envelope, comes the position of inverting wave impedance interface, and which is located at spy
Location puts (speed of the v- slot waves in coal seam) at before and after s=v*t/2；According to the actual driving yardstick in colliery, enter every 10～80m
Row repeat step (2) and (3)；Draw the time corresponding to multiple reflections slot wave energy envelope；
(5) using the reflection slot wave signal that continuously tracking detection is received to tunnel various location over time and space
The position of the position for being inferred to wave impedance interface, i.e. anomalous structure is analyzed, specific as follows：
If the time corresponding to detection reflection groove wave energy envelope is T1 for the first time；Second detection reflection groove wave energy bag
Time corresponding to network is T2, and detection driving distance is S twice, and the speed that slot wave is propagated in coal seam is V, then：
IfThen for the first time in front of detectionThere is wave impedance interface, i.e. anomalous structure in place；IfRear is then detected for the first timeThere is wave impedance interface, i.e. anomalous structure in place；IfThen
Illustrate the energy envelope for reflecting from top board or base plate；
In sum, by tunnel various location is continuously tracked the reflection groove wave energy envelope that receives of detection when
Between and relation spatially predicting the wave impedance interface i.e. position of anomalous structure.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of based on the Advance Detection of Coal Roadway anomalous structure method for continuously tracking slot wave signal, it is characterised in which specifically walks
Suddenly it is：
(1) slot wave detection observation system is set up：
In coal road one wave detector J1 of left side arrangement, away from the 0～35m that meets head on；Two wave detector J2 and inspection are arranged at the coal road place of meeting head on
, away from 0～2m of left side, wave detector J3 is away from 0～2m of right side for ripple device J3, wave detector J2；A wave detector J4 is arranged in the right side of coal road, away from
Meet head on 0～35m；Four wave detectors are arranged in the middle part of coal seam；
(2) using hammering, hammer point is located at the middle part of wave detector J2 and wave detector J3 to focus；Four wave detectors will be detected after hammering
To seismic data be stored in main frame；
(3) extraction of reflection groove wave energy envelope：
Ith, the above-mentioned seismic data for detecting is normalized, including balance and road inner equilibrium between amplitude recovery, road；
IIth, dominant frequency and the frequency range of seismic signal is determined by spectrum analysis and dispersion analysis；
IIIth, bandpass filtering is carried out to normalized geological data；
IVth, static correction is carried out to filtered data；
Vth, to static correction after data carry out time frequency analysis, the time of the four road signals that four wave detectors are received can be obtained
(T), the respective value of frequency (F) and energy (P)；
VIth, the energy of four above-mentioned road signals is overlapped, will in two dimensional surface same time and frequency point corresponding
Energy P values be added, complete the extraction of primary event slot wave energy envelope, at the same draw corresponding to reflection groove wave energy envelope when
Between t；
(4) the time t according to corresponding to reflection groove wave energy envelope, comes the position of inverting wave impedance interface；According to colliery roadway
Driving yardstick, carries out repeat step (2) and (3) every 10～80m；Draw corresponding to multiple reflections slot wave energy envelope when
Between；
(5) by continuous tracking detection, the reflection slot wave signal received by tunnel various location enters over time and space
Row comparative analysis, draws the position of the position of wave impedance interface, i.e. anomalous structure, specific as follows：
If the time corresponding to detection reflection groove wave energy envelope is T1 for the first time；Second detection reflection groove wave energy envelope institute
The corresponding time is T2, and detection driving distance is S twice, and the speed that slot wave is propagated in coal seam is V, then：
IfThen for the first time in front of detectionThere is wave impedance interface in place, that is, there is anomalous structure；If
Rear is then detected for the first timeThere is wave impedance interface in place, that is, there is anomalous structure；IfThen illustrate anti-
Energy is penetrated from top board or base plate；
In sum, by continuously tracking the reflection groove wave energy envelope that receives of detection to tunnel various location in the time and
Relation spatially is predicting the wave impedance interface i.e. position of anomalous structure.
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| CN106772557A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 北京中矿大地地球探测工程技术有限公司 | Using with the pick signal detection colliery architectonic method of digging laneway all directions |
| CN106610503A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-03 | 北京中矿大地地球探测工程技术有限公司 | Omnidirectional slot wave seismic detection method in coal mine excavation process |
| CN107831530B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-03-26 | 山东科技大学 | High seam reflects slot wave forward probe method along bottom plate or top plate coal driving |
| CN109188361B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-07-16 | 中国矿业大学 | CO can pinpoint2Working face seismic exploration method for shot position |
| CN110850469A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-28 | 李志勇 | Imaging method for seismic channel wave depth migration based on kirchhoff product decomposition |
| CN111399030A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-07-10 | 山西晋煤集团技术研究院有限责任公司 | Mine roadway slot wave distributed advanced detection system and method |
| CN114935783A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-23 | 北京探创资源科技有限公司 | Method for enhancing reflected channel wave signal based on wavelet transformation |
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