CN114181004A - Synergistic composite preparation containing chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract for preventing fruit drop of fruit trees - Google Patents
Synergistic composite preparation containing chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract for preventing fruit drop of fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a synergistic compound preparation containing chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract for preventing and treating fruit drop of fruit trees, which comprises urea, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, chelated calcium, chelated magnesium, chelated zinc, borax and chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract; the synergistic composite preparation can effectively reduce fruit drop of fruit trees and prolong the harvesting period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of cultivation wastes and agricultural production, and relates to a synergistic composite preparation containing concentrated extract of chicken manure and biogas slurry and application thereof in preventing fruit drop of fruit trees.
Background
Fruit dropping is an important reason for reducing the yield of oranges, particularly, the phenomenon of serious fruit dropping is easy to happen when late-maturing oranges encounter low-temperature weather in the wintering period, so that the orchards cannot safely live through the winter and even stop producing the oranges. The fruit drop reasons before the harvest time of the late-maturing citrus are different from early flower drop and young fruit drop, and the main influence factors comprise: weather reasons, the fruit of late-maturing citrus needs to go through winter and early spring, and fruit drop is caused by drought/flooding/low-temperature adversity stress; hormone reasons, namely the ratio of high-concentration ethylene to high abscisic acid/auxin of the citrus before picking promotes the formation of abscission layers and aggravates fruit drop, and meanwhile, the formation of ethylene and high abscisic acid can be promoted at low temperature, so that the citrus fruits drop in advance, and the yield is reduced; for example, in the invention patent (CN201310278538.4) of 'a method for fruit retention and withering prevention of overwintering citrus', 0.1-0.3% of zinc sulfate is sprayed on leaf surfaces in the middle ten days of 5 months, and 1-2 times of mixed solution of zinc sulfate and potassium sulfate is sprayed on the leaves in 10-11 months, so that the overwintering fruit drop of the citrus is reduced. The late-maturing oranges have better market benefits, the planting area is gradually enlarged, but in recent years, the overwintering fruit drop phenomenon is aggravated due to ultralow temperature and rain and snow stress in winter in south, serious economic loss is brought to late-maturing orange planting, how to reduce the overwintering fruit drop and prolong the harvesting period is achieved, and the method has important significance for improving the planting benefits of the oranges.
The chicken manure biogas slurry is a chicken manure anaerobic fermentation product, contains rich nutrients and microbial metabolic active ingredients required by crop growth, is concentrated and purified, is separated from impurities, and is enriched and concentrated in nutrients and organic active substances, and the prepared chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract contains more rich nutrients and organic active small molecular ingredients, can be used as a functional plant growth promoting liquid, plays a role in regulating the crop growth metabolism, and is safe for crop application and free of side effects. Different from single phytohormone, chemical fertilizer or traditional biogas slurry, the components in the concentrated biogas slurry extract, especially active small molecular substances, are more complex, and the functional application of the concentrated biogas slurry needs to be further explored. At present, no report on the application of biogas slurry concentrated extract or a composition of the biogas slurry concentrated extract and other nutrient components in preventing and treating overwintering fruit drop and prolonging harvesting period of fruit trees is available.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention creatively develops a synergistic compound preparation for preventing fruit drop of fruit trees and prolonging the harvesting period, and the compound preparation is composed of a chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract and other nutrient composition. In the long-term research process, by the research of screening and compounding processes of the anti-fruit-dropping nutritional ingredient raw materials, the antagonistic effect and precipitation reaction between the chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract and the anti-fruit-dropping nutritional ingredients in the compounding process are overcome, the water-insoluble substance is less than 0.2%, the chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract and the anti-fruit-dropping nutritional ingredients play a synergistic effect, and a synergistic composite preparation with the effects of preventing fruit dropping of fruit trees and prolonging the harvesting period is developed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a synergistic compound preparation for preventing fruit drop of fruit trees and prolonging harvesting period, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of urea, 1-5% of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5% of potassium nitrate, 1-5% of chelated calcium, 1-5% of chelated magnesium, 1-5% of chelated zinc, 1-5% of borax and 30-70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract.
In some embodiments, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-5% of urea, 1-5% of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5% of potassium nitrate, 1-5% of chelated calcium, 1-5% of chelated magnesium, 1-5% of chelated zinc, 1-5% of borax and 50-70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract.
In some embodiments, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-5% of urea, 1-5% of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5% of potassium nitrate, 1-5% of chelated calcium, 1-5% of chelated magnesium, 1-5% of chelated zinc, 1-5% of borax and 70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract.
In some embodiments, the chelated calcium is selected from sugar alcohol chelated calcium, citric acid chelated calcium, and/or EDTA chelated calcium.
As a preferred embodiment, the chelated calcium is EDTA chelated calcium.
In some embodiments, the chelated magnesium is selected from sugar alcohol chelated magnesium, citric acid chelated magnesium, and/or EDTA chelated magnesium.
As a preferred embodiment, the chelated magnesium is EDTA chelated magnesium.
In some embodiments, the zinc chelate is selected from the group consisting of a sugar alcohol zinc chelate, a citric acid zinc chelate, and/or an EDTA zinc chelate.
As a preferred embodiment, the chelated zinc is EDTA chelated zinc.
In some embodiments, the biogas slurry concentrated extract is a chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract.
In some preferred embodiments, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-5% of urea, 1-5% of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5% of potassium nitrate, 1-5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 1-5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 1-5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 1-5% of borax and 30-70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract.
In some preferred embodiments, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2% of urea, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 3% of borax and 30% -70% of concentrated biogas slurry extract.
In some preferred embodiments, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2% of urea, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 3% of borax and 50% -70% of concentrated biogas slurry extract.
In some preferred embodiments, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2% of urea, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 3% of borax and 70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract.
In some embodiments, the biogas slurry concentrated extract is prepared by the following method:
(1) conveying the raw biogas slurry into an adjusting tank, precipitating and filtering;
(2) pumping the treated biogas slurry to an acidification hydrolysis tank, and introducing air for acidification hydrolysis;
(3) conveying the acidified and hydrolyzed biogas slurry to an ultrafiltration raw material tank for ultrafiltration treatment;
(4) the ultrafiltration clear liquid enters a nanofiltration raw material box and is subjected to nanofiltration treatment by a nanofiltration membrane;
(5) the nanofiltration clear liquid is subjected to reverse osmosis treatment by a reverse osmosis membrane after passing through a precision filter;
preferably, the ultrafiltration clear liquid is concentrated to one fourth of the feed volume by a nanofiltration membrane; concentrating the nanofiltration clear liquid by reverse osmosis to one third of the feeding volume, and mixing the nanofiltration concentrated liquid and the reverse osmosis concentrated liquid in equal proportion to prepare the concentrated biogas slurry extracting solution.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the synergistic composite preparation of the first aspect, the method comprising:
a. adding the concentrated biogas liquid into a first stirring tank, adding chelated calcium, chelated magnesium and chelated zinc, and stirring to obtain a component A;
b. adding the concentrated biogas liquid into a second stirring tank, adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and stirring to obtain a component B;
c. adding the concentrated biogas slurry into a third stirring tank, adding urea, potassium nitrate and borax, and stirring to obtain a component C;
d. cooling the obtained A, B, C component;
e. and adding the A, B, C components after cooling into a fourth stirring tank, and stirring to obtain the final synergistic composite preparation.
In some embodiments, the stirring temperature is maintained from 50 ℃ to 60 ℃ in steps a-c.
In some embodiments, a minor amount of defoamer is sprayed in step b to control foaming.
In some embodiments, the temperature reduction in step d is performed by gradient temperature reduction.
In some embodiments, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ to 25 ℃ in step d.
In some embodiments, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ in step d.
In some embodiments, the cooling gradient is 10 ℃.
In some embodiments, each gradient ramp is maintained for 1 h.
In some embodiments, the stirring time in steps a-c, e is 1 h.
In some preferred embodiments, the method of preparation comprises:
a. adding the concentrated chicken manure biogas slurry extract into a first stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding chelated calcium, chelated magnesium and chelated zinc, stirring for 1h, and maintaining the constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ in the stirring process to obtain a component A;
b. adding the concentrated extract of the chicken manure biogas slurry into a second stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding monopotassium phosphate, spraying a trace amount of defoamer to control foam, stirring for 1h, and keeping the constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ in the stirring process to obtain a component B;
c. adding the concentrated chicken manure biogas slurry extract into a third stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding urea, potassium nitrate and borax, stirring for 1h, and keeping the temperature of 50-60 ℃ constant during stirring to obtain a component C;
d. the obtained A, B, C components are subjected to gradient cooling at 40 ℃, 30 ℃ and 20 ℃, the gradient cooling is maintained for 1h each time, the next gradient cooling is started, and finally the constant temperature of 20 ℃ is kept;
e. and (3) adding the A, B, C components with constant temperature of 20 ℃ after cooling into a fourth stirring tank, completely mixing, stirring for 1h, and maintaining the constant temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain the final synergistic compound preparation.
In the present invention, component A, B, C is obtained without separation.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for reducing fruit drop of a fruit tree, and the synergistic composite preparation of the first aspect of the invention is applied to the fruit tree.
In some embodiments, the fruit drop is a wintertime fruit drop.
In some embodiments, the number of applications of the synergistic combination formulation is 3-4 times.
In some embodiments, the synergistic combination formulation is applied from the color change stage to the harvest stage of the fruit.
As a preferred embodiment, the method for applying the synergistic combination preparation from the color-changing stage to the harvest stage of the fruit is as follows: the first application is carried out in the fruit color-changing period, the second application is carried out after 10-15 days, and the third application is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting period.
As a preferred embodiment, the method of applying the complex formulation from the color-changing stage to the harvest stage of the fruit is as follows: the first application is carried out in the fruit color-changing period, the second application is carried out 10-15 days later, and the third application is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting period; the fourth application was made at the beginning of harvest.
In some embodiments, the synergistic combination formulation is applied after dilution.
In some embodiments, the dilution factor is 300-500.
As a preferred embodiment, the dilution factor is 300-fold.
In some embodiments, the synergistic combination formulation is applied by foliar spray.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for prolonging the fruit harvesting period, and the synergistic compound preparation of the first aspect of the invention is applied to fruit trees.
In some embodiments, the harvest time is the fruit harvest time after the fruit tree overwintering.
In some embodiments, the number of applications of the synergistic combination formulation is 3-4 times.
In some embodiments, the combination formulation is applied from the color change stage to the harvest stage of the fruit.
As a preferred embodiment, the method for applying the synergistic combination preparation from the color-changing stage to the harvest stage of the fruit is as follows: the first application is carried out in the fruit color-changing period, the second application is carried out after 10-15 days, and the third application is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting period.
As a preferred embodiment, the method for applying the synergistic combination preparation from the color-changing stage to the harvest stage of the fruit is as follows: the first application is carried out in the fruit color-changing period, the second application is carried out 10-15 days later, and the third application is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting period; the fourth application was made at the beginning of harvest.
In some embodiments, the synergistic combination formulation is applied after dilution.
In some embodiments, the dilution factor is 300-500.
As a preferred embodiment, the dilution factor is 300-fold.
In some embodiments, the synergistic combination formulation is applied by foliar spray.
In the fifth aspect, the invention provides an application of the synergistic compound preparation of the first aspect in reducing fruit drop of fruit trees.
In some preferred embodiments, the fruit drop is a wintertime fruit drop.
In a sixth aspect, the invention provides the use of a synergistic combination according to the first aspect of the invention for extending the harvest time.
In some preferred embodiments, the harvest time is the fruit harvest time after the fruit tree overwintering.
The fruit tree according to the fifth or sixth aspect of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of mandarin orange, tangerine, orange, and pomelo.
In some embodiments, the fruit tree is selected from the group consisting of late-maturing citrus, tangerine, orange, grapefruit.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
in the process of concentrating and extracting the chicken manure biogas slurry, due to the pre-membrane acidification and hydrolysis effects and the interception effect of each level of membrane on different components, the components and the characteristics of the concentrated extract of the chicken manure biogas slurry are greatly changed, the pH is increased from 8 to 9-9.5, under the condition, when the concentrated extract of the biogas slurry is compounded with a plurality of acidic substances such as trace elements, calcium and magnesium medium elements and the like of conventional fertilizers, chemical reaction is easy to occur to form precipitates, meanwhile, the concentrated extract of the chicken manure biogas slurry is a complex system and contains a large amount of organic active substances and volatile substances, and the antagonistic effect among different components after compounding and the effect of a compound preparation have unpredictability. According to the invention, through the research of raw material screening and compounding processes, the defects that a complex system of the chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extracting solution is high in PH, contains a large amount of organic active substances and volatile components, and is easy to generate antagonistic effect and precipitation reaction when being compounded with other nutritional components are overcome, so that the water-insoluble substance of the compound preparation is less than 0.2%, and the synergistic effect of the chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extracting solution is exerted.
According to the invention, the chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract is added into the preparation, so that the effect of conventional fruit drop prevention nutritional ingredients is obviously improved. By applying the synergistic compound preparation, no extra spraying of exogenous plant hormone components, chemical reagents such as 1-methylcyclopropene and other nutritional components with fruit drop prevention effects is needed, the effects of preventing fruit drop and prolonging the harvesting period can be achieved well and stably, the application method is simple, the tedious planting management procedure of preventing overwintering fruit drop of late-maturing citrus fruit trees is reduced, and the operation and the popularization are convenient. The compound preparation has safe, ecological and environment-friendly components, does not contain hormone and pesticide substances, and does not influence the normal picking and eating of fruits even if being applied in a harvesting period.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the biogas slurry concentrated extract used was prepared by the following method:
(1) conveying the raw biogas slurry into an adjusting tank, precipitating and filtering;
(2) pumping the treated biogas slurry to an acidification hydrolysis tank, and introducing air for acidification hydrolysis;
(3) sending the acidified and hydrolyzed biogas slurry to an ultrafiltration raw material tank for ultrafiltration treatment;
(4) the ultrafiltration clear liquid enters a nanofiltration raw material box and is subjected to nanofiltration treatment by a nanofiltration membrane;
(5) and (4) performing reverse osmosis treatment on the nanofiltration clear liquid through a reverse osmosis membrane after passing through a precision filter.
Wherein, the ultrafiltration clear liquid is concentrated to one fourth of the feeding volume by a nanofiltration membrane; the nanofiltration clear liquid is subjected to reverse osmosis concentration to one third of the feeding volume, and the nanofiltration concentrated liquid and the reverse osmosis concentrated liquid are mixed in equal proportion to prepare the concentrated biogas liquid extracting solution, and the specific process refers to patent literature 'a biogas liquid concentrated liquid and an engineering preparation method'.
Example 1 preparation of synergistic composite preparation containing concentrated extract of chicken manure biogas slurry
The synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components: 2% of urea, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 3% of borax and 70% of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract.
The preparation method of the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following steps:
a. accurately weighing 70 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract, 2 parts of urea, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of EDTA chelated calcium, 5 parts of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc and 3 parts of borax according to mass fractions.
b. Adding 30 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract into a first stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding 5 parts of EDTA chelated calcium, 5 parts of EDTA chelated magnesium and 5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, stirring for 1h, and maintaining the constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ in the stirring process to obtain a component A;
c. adding 20 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract into a second stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spraying a trace amount of antifoaming agent, stirring for 1h, and keeping the temperature of 50-60 ℃ constant during stirring to obtain a component B;
d. adding 20 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract into a third stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding 2 parts of urea, 5 parts of potassium nitrate and 3 parts of borax, stirring for 1h, and keeping the temperature of 50-60 ℃ constant during stirring to obtain a component C;
e. the obtained A, B, C components are subjected to gradient cooling at 40 ℃, 30 ℃ and 20 ℃, the gradient cooling is maintained for 1h each time, the next gradient cooling is started, and finally the constant temperature of 20 ℃ is kept;
f. and (3) adding the A, B, C components with constant temperature of 20 ℃ after cooling into a fourth stirring tank, completely mixing, stirring for 1h, and maintaining the constant temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain the final synergistic compound preparation.
Comparative preparation method 1:
a. accurately weighing 70 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract, 2 parts of urea, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of EDTA chelated calcium, 5 parts of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc and 3 parts of borax according to mass fractions.
b. Adding 70 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract into a stirring tank, and maintaining the temperature of the stirring tank at 55 ℃;
c. sequentially adding 2 parts of urea, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate and 5 parts of EDTA chelated calcium into a stirring tank, adding 5 parts of EDTA chelated magnesium, adding 5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, adding 3 parts of borax, spraying an antifoaming agent with the same amount as that of the preparation method of the invention, and mixing and stirring for 1 h;
d. and cooling the stirring tank to 20 ℃ to obtain the compound preparation.
Comparative preparation method 2:
a. accurately weighing 70 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract, 2 parts of urea, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of EDTA chelated calcium, 5 parts of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc and 3 parts of borax according to mass fractions.
b. Adding 30 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract into a first stirring tank, adding 5 parts of EDTA chelated calcium, 5 parts of EDTA chelated magnesium and 5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, and mixing and stirring for 1h to obtain a component A;
c. adding 20 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract into a second stirring tank, adding 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mixing and stirring for 1h, and spraying an antifoaming agent with the same amount as the preparation method of the invention to obtain a component B;
d. adding 20 parts of chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract into a third stirring tank, adding 2 parts of urea and 3 parts of borax, and stirring for 1 hour to obtain a component C;
e. and adding the component A, B, C into a fourth stirring tank, completely mixing, and stirring for 1h to obtain the compound preparation.
The detection of the composite preparation prepared by different methods shows that the composite preparation finally prepared by the preparation method of the synergistic composite preparation has 0.1 percent of water-insoluble substance, has higher stability and can completely meet the requirements of spraying on the leaf surfaces and long-term storage of the composite preparation. The water-insoluble substances of the compound preparation finally prepared by the comparative preparation method 1 and the comparative preparation method 2 are respectively 2.1% and 1.5%, and the water-insoluble substances are too much, so that the spraying use and the storage of the leaf surfaces of the compound preparation are influenced.
Example 2: application case for preventing overwintering and fruit dropping and prolonging harvesting period of citrus in Chongqing Wanzhou area
Orange varieties: late maturing navel orange (Lun late navel orange)
Testing the orchard conditions: the orange garden of 6 years old has the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 4m and the average plant height of 1.8 m. The soil has a pH of 6.1 and rich organic matter content. Planting in the garden in the same single sheet, and planting in the net shed when diseases and pests, fruit drop and the like occur in the same way. 3 citrus trees with the same growth vigor are selected in each test treatment, and the cultivation and planting management conditions of all the test citrus trees are the same.
Test treatment setup and test formulation:
the preparation method of the test group 1-5 test preparation refers to the preparation method of the synergistic composite preparation, wherein the test preparation needs to be added with clear water, and the clear water is added together with the concentrated extract of the chicken manure biogas slurry.
Test agent application method: spraying the test reagent for 1 time on the leaf surface in the color conversion period (11 last ten days), spraying the test reagent for 1 time after 15 days, spraying the test reagent for 1 time on the leaf surface before harvesting (2 middle ten days), spraying the test reagent for 1 time on the leaf surface in the initial stage of harvesting (3 last ten days), and spraying 4 times totally. After each test reagent is diluted by 300 times, the test reagent is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the water consumption per mu is 60 kg.
The test investigation method comprises the following steps:
and (4) performing a fruit drop survey every 15 days from the last ten days of 12 months, and ending the test after the harvesting period of 4 months is finished. The fruit base number, fruit drop number and fruit weight of each plant treated by each test were investigated. The fruit drop rate is the percentage of the accumulated fruit drop number to the fruit base number, the single fruit weight is the fruit weight actually harvested by a single plant, and the single fruit weight is the single fruit weight divided by the actual fruit harvest number (fruit base number-fruit drop number). And (3) carrying out a difference significance test by using an LSD method, wherein the difference significance is realized when P is less than 0.05.
And (3) test results:
| test group | Percentage of fruit drop% | Weight kg of single plant fruit | Weight of single fruit g |
| Test group 1 | 4.63±0.08e | 45.15±0.36a | 218.85±2.52a |
| Test group 2 | 10.78±0.31d | 41.56±0.57b | 215.36±1.12ab |
| Test group 3 | 14.42±0.24c | 38.87±0.67cd | 213.57±1.40ab |
| Test group 4 | 15.38±0.83bc | 38.64±0.91cd | 212.75±3.57ab |
| Test group 5 | 15.44±0.49bc | 38.38±0.66cd | 212.49±3.98ab |
| Test group 6 | 15.64±0.67b | 38.97±0.41c | 212.57±3.41ab |
| Control | 19.15±0.81a | 37.07±1.88d | 212.19±3.31b |
Note: compared and analyzed by an LSD method, the different lower case letters after the numerical values in the same column represent significant differences
The synergistic composite preparation has the effect of better reducing fruit drop in the wintering period. The fruit drop rate is that the test group 1 is larger than the test group 2, the test group 3 is larger than the test group 4, the test group 5 is larger than the test group 6 and the control is larger in sequence; the single plant fruit has small weight, namely a test group 1, a test group 2, a test group 6, a test group 3, a test group 4, a test group 5 and a control; the single fruit weight is sequentially that test group 1 is larger than test group 2 is larger than test group 3 is larger than test group 4 is larger than test group 6 is larger than test group 5 is larger than control.
The fruit drop rate of the test groups 1-6 is obviously lower than that of the control group, and the fruit drop rate and the weight average of single plant fruits of the test group 1 are obviously higher than those of other test groups, so that the effect of preventing fruit drop of the synergistic composite preparation can be obviously improved by adding 70% of the concentrated chicken manure biogas slurry extracting solution.
In the test groups 3-6, except that the fruit drop rate between the test group 3 and the test group 6 is significantly different, the fruit drop rate between the other groups is not significantly different, and the weight of single plant fruit and the weight of single fruit among the groups are not significantly different. Meanwhile, in tests, the test groups 1-3 have the fruit bases of the navel oranges which are more fresh green and are more beneficial to prolonging the harvesting period compared with other test groups and controls.
Example 3: application case for preventing overwintering and fruit dropping and prolonging harvesting period of citrus in Chongqing Wushan county
Orange varieties: late maturing navel orange (Lun late navel orange)
Testing the orchard conditions: the 7-year orange garden has the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 4m and the average plant height of 1.5 m. The soil has pH of 6.2 and equal organic matter content. The vegetation in the garden is single, the diseases and insect pests, fruit drop and the like occur in the past year, and the planting is carried out in a net shed. 3 citrus trees with the same growth vigor are selected in each test treatment, and the cultivation and planting management conditions of all the test citrus trees are the same.
Test treatment setup and test formulation:
the preparation method of the test group 1-5 test preparation refers to the preparation method of the synergistic composite preparation, wherein the test preparation needs to be added with clear water, and the clear water is added together with the concentrated extract of the chicken manure biogas slurry.
The test investigation method comprises the following steps:
and (4) performing a fruit drop survey every 15 days from the last ten days of 12 months, and ending the test after the harvesting period of 4 months is finished. The fruit base number, fruit drop number and fruit weight of each plant treated by each test were investigated. The fruit drop rate is the percentage of the accumulated fruit drop number to the fruit base number, the single fruit weight is the fruit weight actually harvested by a single plant, and the single fruit weight is the single fruit weight divided by the actual fruit harvest number (fruit base number-fruit drop number). And (3) carrying out a difference significance test by using an LSD method, wherein the difference significance is realized when P is less than 0.05.
And (3) test results:
| test group | Percentage of fruit drop% | Weight kg of single plant fruit | Weight of single fruit g |
| Test group 1 | 6.52±0.24e | 42.73±0.17a | 218.01±1.35a |
| Test group 2 | 12.64±0.49d | 39.30±0.30b | 215.95±0.45ab |
| Test group 3 | 17.61±0.99c | 38.22±1.02bc | 213.09±3.06ab |
| Test group 4 | 18.64±0.43bc | 37.33±0.66c | 213.76±2.33ab |
| Test group 5 | 18.95±1.39bc | 36.59±1.71cd | 213.57±2.64ab |
| Test group 6 | 19.14±0.44b | 37.33±0.36c | 212.09±1.67b |
| Control | 22.29±0.43a | 35.06±0.72d | 212.47±3.49b |
Note: compared and analyzed by an LSD method, the different lower case letters after the numerical values in the same column represent significant differences
The synergistic composite preparation has the effect of better reducing fruit drop in the wintering period. The fruit drop rate is that the test group 1 is larger than the test group 2 is larger than the test group 3 is larger than the test group 4 is larger than the test group 5 is larger than the test group 6 is smaller than the control; the single plant fruit weight is sequentially from test group 1 to test group 2 to test group 3 to test group 4 to test group 6 to control group 5, and the single plant fruit weight is sequentially from test group 1 to test group 2 to test group 4 to test group 5 to test group 3 to control group 6.
The test groups 1-6 have fruit drop rates which are obviously lower than those of the control group, and the citrus fruit drop rate and the single-plant fruit weight of the test group 1 are obviously higher than those of other test groups, so that the effect of preventing fruit drop of the compound preparation can be obviously improved by adding 70% of the concentrated chicken manure biogas slurry extracting solution.
In the test groups 3-6, except that the fruit drop rate of the test group 3 is significantly different from that of the test group 6, the fruit drop rate of the rest groups is not significantly different, and the weight of each plant and the weight of each fruit is not significantly different. Meanwhile, the test groups 1-3 show that compared with other test groups and controls, the bases of the navel orange fruits are more fresh green, and the harvesting period is prolonged.
Example 4: application case for preventing overwintering and fruit dropping and prolonging harvesting period of Jiangxi Ganzhou citrus
Orange varieties: late-maturing orange (unknown fire)
Testing the orchard conditions: the orange garden of 6 years old has the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 4m and the average plant height of 1.5 m. The soil has pH of 5.9 and equal organic matter content. The vegetation in the garden is single, the diseases and insect pests, fruit dropping, water blight and the like occur in the past year, and the planting is carried out in a net shed. 3 citrus trees with the same growth vigor are selected in each test treatment, and the cultivation and planting management conditions of all the test citrus trees are the same.
Test treatment setup and test formulation:
the preparation method of the test group 1-5 test preparation refers to the preparation method of the synergistic composite preparation, wherein the test preparation needs to be added with clear water, and the clear water is added together with the concentrated extract of the chicken manure biogas slurry.
Test agent application method: spraying the test reagent for 1 time on the leaf surface in the color conversion period (last ten days of 10 months), spraying the test reagent for 1 time after 15 days, spraying the test reagent for 1 time on the leaf surface before harvesting (middle ten days of 1 month), spraying the test reagent for 1 time on the leaf surface in the initial stage of harvesting (last ten days of 2 months), and spraying 4 times in total. After each test reagent is diluted by 300 times, the test reagent is sprayed on leaf surfaces, and the water consumption per mu is 60 kg.
The test investigation method comprises the following steps:
and (4) performing a fruit drop survey every 15 days from the last ten days of 12 months, and ending the test after the harvesting period of 3 months is finished. The fruit base number, fruit drop number and fruit weight of each plant treated by each test were investigated. The fruit drop rate is the percentage of the accumulated fruit drop number to the fruit base number, the single fruit weight is the fruit weight actually harvested by a single plant, and the single fruit weight is the single fruit weight divided by the actual fruit harvest number (fruit base number-fruit drop number). And (3) carrying out a difference significance test by using an LSD method, wherein the difference significance is realized when P is less than 0.05.
And (3) test results:
note: compared and analyzed by an LSD method, the different lower case letters after the numerical values in the same column represent significant differences
The synergistic composite preparation has the effect of better reducing fruit drop in the wintering period. The fruit drop rate is that the test group 1 is larger than the test group 2 is larger than the test group 3 is larger than the test group 4 is larger than the test group 5 is larger than the test group 6 is smaller than the control; the single plant fruit has small weight, namely a test group 1, a test group 2, a test group 3, a test group 5, a test group 4, a test group 6 and a control; the single fruit weight is sequentially that test group 1 is larger than test group 2 is larger than test group 3 is larger than test group 4 is larger than test group 5 is larger than test group 6 is larger than control.
In test groups 1-6, the fruit drop rate is significantly lower than that of a control group, and the fruit drop rate and the single plant fruit weight of the test group 1 are significantly higher than those of other test groups, which shows that the addition of 70% of concentrated extract of chicken manure biogas slurry can significantly improve the fruit drop prevention effect of the compound preparation.
In the test groups 3-6, except that the fruit drop rate of the test group 3 and the test group 6 has significant difference, the fruit drop rate of the other groups has no significant difference, and the weight of single plant and the weight of single fruit among the test groups 3-6 have no significant difference. The experiment finds that compared with other experiment groups and controls, the fruit bases of the citrus fruits in the experiment groups 1-3 are more fresh green, and the harvest time is prolonged.
The above description of the embodiments is only for the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The synergistic compound preparation is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of urea, 1-5% of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5% of potassium nitrate, 1-5% of chelated calcium, 1-5% of chelated magnesium, 1-5% of chelated zinc, 1-5% of borax and 30-70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract;
preferably, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of urea, 1-5% of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5% of potassium nitrate, 1-5% of chelated calcium, 1-5% of chelated magnesium, 1-5% of chelated zinc, 1-5% of borax and 50-70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract;
preferably, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of urea, 1-5% of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5% of potassium nitrate, 1-5% of chelated calcium, 1-5% of chelated magnesium, 1-5% of chelated zinc, 1-5% of borax and 70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract;
preferably, the chelated calcium is selected from sugar alcohol chelated calcium, citric acid chelated calcium, and/or EDTA chelated calcium;
preferably, the chelated calcium is EDTA chelated calcium;
preferably, the chelated magnesium is selected from sugar alcohol chelated magnesium, citric acid chelated magnesium and/or EDTA chelated magnesium;
preferably, the chelated magnesium is EDTA chelated magnesium;
preferably, the chelated zinc is selected from sugar alcohol chelated zinc, citric acid chelated zinc and/or EDTA chelated zinc;
preferably, the chelated zinc is EDTA chelated zinc;
preferably, the biogas slurry concentrated extract is chicken manure biogas slurry concentrated extract.
2. The synergistic composite preparation according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of urea, 1-5% of monopotassium phosphate, 1-5% of potassium nitrate, 1-5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 1-5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 1-5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 1-5% of borax and 30-70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract;
preferably, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of urea, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 3% of borax and 30% -70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract;
preferably, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of urea, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 3% of borax and 50% -70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract;
preferably, the synergistic composite preparation comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of urea, 5% of monopotassium phosphate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 5% of EDTA chelated calcium, 5% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 5% of EDTA chelated zinc, 3% of borax and 70% of biogas slurry concentrated extract.
3. The synergistic composite preparation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the biogas slurry concentrated extract is prepared by the following method:
(1) conveying the raw biogas slurry into an adjusting tank, precipitating and filtering;
(2) pumping the treated biogas slurry to an acidification hydrolysis tank, and introducing air for acidification hydrolysis;
(3) sending the acidified and hydrolyzed biogas slurry to an ultrafiltration raw material tank for ultrafiltration treatment;
(4) the ultrafiltration clear liquid enters a nanofiltration raw material box and is subjected to nanofiltration treatment by a nanofiltration membrane;
(5) the nanofiltration clear liquid is subjected to reverse osmosis treatment by a reverse osmosis membrane after passing through a precision filter;
preferably, the ultrafiltration clear liquid is concentrated to one fourth of the feed volume by a nanofiltration membrane; concentrating the nanofiltration clear liquid by reverse osmosis to one third of the feeding volume, and mixing the nanofiltration concentrated liquid and the reverse osmosis concentrated liquid in equal proportion to prepare the concentrated biogas slurry extracting solution.
4. The process for preparing the synergistic combination of claim 1 or 2, which comprises:
a. adding the concentrated biogas liquid into a first stirring tank, adding chelated calcium, chelated magnesium and chelated zinc, and stirring to obtain a component A;
b. adding the concentrated biogas liquid into a second stirring tank, adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and stirring to obtain a component B;
c. adding the concentrated biogas slurry into a third stirring tank, adding urea, potassium nitrate and borax, and stirring to obtain a component C;
d. cooling the obtained A, B, C component;
e. adding the A, B, C cooled component into a fourth stirring tank, and stirring to obtain a final synergistic composite preparation;
preferably, the stirring temperature in the step a-c is maintained at 50-60 ℃;
preferably, a trace amount of defoaming agent is sprayed in the step b to control the foam;
preferably, the temperature reduction in the step d adopts a gradient temperature reduction mode;
preferably, the temperature is reduced to 20-25 ℃ in the step d;
preferably, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ in the step d;
preferably, the temperature reduction gradient is 10 ℃;
preferably, each gradient cooling is maintained for 1 h;
preferably, the stirring time in steps a-c, e is 1 h.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 4, comprising:
a. adding the concentrated chicken manure biogas slurry extract into a first stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding chelated calcium, chelated magnesium and chelated zinc, stirring for 1h, and maintaining the constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ in the stirring process to obtain a component A;
b. adding the concentrated extract of the chicken manure biogas slurry into a second stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding monopotassium phosphate, spraying a trace amount of defoamer to control foam, stirring for 1h, and keeping the constant temperature of 50-60 ℃ in the stirring process to obtain a component B;
c. adding the concentrated chicken manure biogas slurry extract into a third stirring tank, increasing the temperature of the stirring tank to 50-60 ℃, adding urea, potassium nitrate and borax, stirring for 1h, and keeping the temperature of 50-60 ℃ constant during stirring to obtain a component C;
d. the obtained A, B, C components are subjected to gradient cooling at 40 ℃, 30 ℃ and 20 ℃, the gradient cooling is maintained for 1h each time, the next gradient cooling is started, and finally the constant temperature of 20 ℃ is kept;
e. and (3) adding the A, B, C components with constant temperature of 20 ℃ after cooling into a fourth stirring tank, completely mixing, stirring for 1h, and maintaining the constant temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain the final synergistic compound preparation.
6. A method for reducing fruit drop of fruit trees, which is characterized in that the synergistic compound preparation of claim 1 or 2 is applied to the fruit trees;
preferably, the fruit drop is fruit drop in the wintering period;
preferably, the application times of the compound preparation are 3-4 times;
preferably, the synergistic compound preparation is applied from the fruit color turning period to the harvesting period;
preferably, the method for applying the synergistic compound preparation from the fruit color turning period to the harvesting period comprises the following steps: the first application is carried out in the fruit color-changing period, the second application is carried out after 10-15 days, and the third application is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting period;
preferably, the method for applying the synergistic compound preparation from the fruit color turning period to the harvesting period comprises the following steps: the first application is carried out in the fruit color-changing period, the second application is carried out 10-15 days later, and the third application is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting period; fourth application is carried out at the early harvesting stage;
preferably, the compound preparation is applied after being diluted;
preferably, the dilution factor is 300-500 times;
preferably, the dilution factor is 300.
Preferably, the application mode of the synergistic compound preparation is foliar spraying.
7. A method for prolonging the harvest time of fruit trees, which is characterized in that the synergistic compound preparation of claim 1 or 2 is applied to fruit trees;
preferably, the harvesting period is a fruit harvesting period after the fruit trees overwinter;
preferably, the application times of the compound preparation are 3-4 times;
preferably, the synergistic compound preparation is applied from the fruit color turning period to the harvesting period;
preferably, the method for applying the synergistic compound preparation from the fruit color turning period to the harvesting period comprises the following steps: the first application is carried out in the fruit color-changing period, the second application is carried out after 10-15 days, and the third application is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting period;
preferably, the method for applying the synergistic compound preparation from the fruit color turning period to the harvesting period comprises the following steps: the first application is carried out in the fruit color-changing period, the second application is carried out 10-15 days later, and the third application is carried out 10-15 days before the harvesting period; fourth application is carried out at the early harvesting stage;
preferably, the synergistic compound preparation is applied after being diluted;
preferably, the dilution factor is 300-500 times;
preferably, the dilution factor is 300.
Preferably, the application mode of the synergistic compound preparation is foliar spraying.
8. The use of the synergistic combination of claim 1 or 2 for reducing fruit drop in fruit trees;
preferably, the fruit drop is fruit drop in the wintering period.
9. Use of the synergistic combination according to claim 1 or 2 for extending the harvest time;
preferably, the harvesting period is a fruit harvesting period after the fruit tree overwintering.
10. Use according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the fruit tree is selected from the group consisting of oranges, tangerines, oranges, pomelos;
preferably, the fruit tree is selected from the group consisting of late-maturing citrus, tangerine, orange, and pomelo.
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