CN114165237A - Protecting wall opposite-pressure blasting process and method - Google Patents
Protecting wall opposite-pressure blasting process and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114165237A CN114165237A CN202111462734.8A CN202111462734A CN114165237A CN 114165237 A CN114165237 A CN 114165237A CN 202111462734 A CN202111462734 A CN 202111462734A CN 114165237 A CN114165237 A CN 114165237A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003079 width control Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a protecting wall opposite-pressure blasting process and a method, aiming at mining of a steeply inclined thin ore body, and the process comprises the following steps: alternately constructing two-side blast holes with half of a certain staggered distance in the ore bed and the other half in the surrounding rock on the ore bed rock interfaces on the two sides of the ore bed; the method is characterized in that arc-shaped inner protective wall sleeve plates are installed on the side of surrounding rock in blast holes on two sides, explosive is filled in the arc-shaped inner protective wall sleeve plates, detonation shock waves are transmitted to an ore body layer in a concentrated mode through the protective wall sleeve plates so as to protect the blast waves of the blast holes on the side from entering the surrounding rock on the side and protect the rock wall, adjacent blast holes on two sides are detonated simultaneously in pairs to form pair-pressure detonation shock waves, the blast waves of the blast holes on the side are prevented from entering the surrounding rock on the opposite side to protect the rock wall when the ore layer is broken, the detonation shock waves act on the ore layer to effectively break the ore, so that the ore is controlled to be the thickness of the ore layer, the problem that the mining amplitude of the thin ore body is too large is solved, the economic index of the mining of the thin ore body can be improved, and the effects or advantages of reducing mining cost, dilution, mixing rate and the like are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blasting process, in particular to a protecting wall opposite-pressure blasting process and a protecting wall opposite-pressure blasting method.
Background
The mining amplitude control of the steeply inclined thin ore body is difficult in the industry, the blasting crushing area of the conventional blasting process is too large, the mining amplitude is far larger than the thickness of the ore body, and surrounding rocks on two sides of the ore body are crushed and mixed, so that the mining mixing rate and the dilution rate are increased.
The kerf blasting or energy-gathering blasting is a novel blasting technology, the key part of the novel blasting technology is a slotted blasting tube, the circular tube is essentially slotted to serve as a strength weak surface, the blast wave of a blasting gun is intensively propagated outwards along the weak surface, 2 commonly-used pipes such as steel pipes and PVC pipes are commonly used, and patent CN 108759596A opens two slots on a rigid pipe and plugs the slots through a flexible material, so that external water can be prevented from entering the pipe; CN 108680070B is an opening as a weak surface, and water is filled in the opening as a booster medium; CN 210625491U is a positioning device of the energy-gathered blasting cartridge; CN 213515308U installs the hosepipe in the conventional blasting tube as the buffering; CN 214149008U discloses a self-tapping flexible energy-gathering blasting tube; CN 202361898U discloses a slotted blasting tube and the like. The kerf blasting is mainly used for roadway excavation, a kerf blasting is firstly constructed on the outer edge of an excavation face to form a crack, then the kerf blasting is used for improving roadway forming, overexcavation is reduced, and the kerf blasting process is added to increase the cost.
If the kerf blasting technology is applied to mining of the steeply inclined thin ore body, kerf blasting holes are constructed at the interface of the ore body and the surrounding rocks on two sides for kerf blasting, the ore layer and the surrounding rocks on two sides are separated, then conventional blasting is carried out in the center of the thickness of the ore layer, blasting damage to the surrounding rocks on two sides can be restrained to a certain extent by using a kerf as a structural weak face, but kerf blasting on two sides is increased, the cost is about 3.5 times of that of the conventional blasting process, the rock drilling and blasting costs are greatly increased, and the difficult problem of control of the mining amplitude cannot be thoroughly excavated. Therefore, no good technical measure is available in the industry at present to solve the problem of mining width control of the thin ore body.
Therefore, the seeking of the protecting wall opposite-pressure blasting process and method is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the retaining wall opposite-pressure blasting process and the method thereof are provided to overcome the defects of the prior art, and the retaining wall opposite-pressure blasting process for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body is provided to control the mining amplitude and reduce the cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the retaining wall opposite-pressure blasting process and method are used for mining steeply inclined thin ore bodies and include but are not limited to the following steps:
A. alternately constructing two-side blast holes with half of a certain staggered distance in the ore bed and the other half in the surrounding rock on the ore bed rock interfaces on the two sides of the ore bed;
B. wall lagging is protected in the surrounding rock side-mounting arc in the big gun hole of both sides, built-in explosive, thereby it does not get into this side surrounding rock in order to protect the rock wall to make the detonation shock wave concentrate to the ore body layer propagation through the wall lagging, thereby the adjacent big gun hole of both sides explodes simultaneously in pairs and forms the detonation shock wave of pair pressure, mutual suppression realizes in the broken ore bed that this side big gun hole detonation wave does not get into in order to protect the rock wall to the surrounding rock, thereby realize that the detonation shock wave effect is in the effective broken ore of ore deposit control amplitude of mining for the thickness of ore bed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the difficult problem of overlarge mining amplitude of the thin ore body is solved.
(2) The mining economic index of the thin ore body is improved.
(3) The mining cost and the dilution and mixing rate are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a protective wall opposite-pressure blasting process and method and a part thereof according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a large sample of the blast hole on one side shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a big sample of the blast hole on the other side of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional sketch of another spaced-apart intraoral retaining wall cannula.
In the drawings, the symbols represent:
1. an interface 2 between an ore body and surrounding rock on one side, an interface 3 between the ore body and the surrounding rock on the other side, a semicircular inner retaining wall sleeve plate 4, a first blasting area 5, a second blasting area 6, a third blasting area 7, a cutting well 8, explosives 9, detonation shock waves 11-15, blast holes 21-24 on one side, blast holes 21-24 on the other side, blast holes d on the other side, an ore layer k, and staggered distances
The description is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a retaining wall opposite pressure blasting process and method, which is directed to mining of steeply inclined thin ore body, including but not limited to:
A. constructing two-side blast holes (11-15, 21-24) with half of a certain staggered distance (K) in the ore bed (d) and the other half in the surrounding rock on the ore rock interfaces (1, 2) at the two sides of the ore bed (d) in a staggered manner;
B. wall lagging (3) in the wall rock side-mounting arc in blast holes (11-15, 21-24) of both sides, built-in explosive (8), thereby make detonation shock wave (9) concentrate to spreading in ore body layer (d) through wall lagging (3) and protect this side blast hole detonation wave not get into this side wall rock in order to protect the rock wall, the adjacent blast hole of both sides explodes simultaneously in pairs and forms detonation shock wave (9) in pairs, mutual suppression realizes that this side blast hole detonation wave does not get into contralateral wall rock in order to protect the rock wall in the broken ore layer (d) simultaneously, thereby realize that detonation shock wave (9) are used in effective broken ore of ore in ore layer (d) and control the thickness of drawing for ore layer (d).
The process and method of the present invention may further be
The thickness of the arc-shaped inner protective wall sleeve plate (3) is adjusted according to the wall protection effect of the side where the blast holes (11-15, 21-24) are located on two sides.
The arc length of the arc-shaped inner protection wall sleeve plate (3) is adjusted according to the diffusion angle and range of the blast hole.
The arc-shaped inner protective wall sleeve plates (3) are formed by half-cutting steel pipes, and the arc-shaped inner protective wall sleeve plates (3) are welded together along the hole depth direction.
In the broken rock, an inner retaining wall sleeve pipe spaced towards the side of the ore body is adopted to replace an arc-shaped inner retaining wall sleeve plate (3) to protect the hole.
The spaced-apart inner retaining wall casing pipe is a square-opening PE pipe, and the non-opening side faces the surrounding rock side.
The adjacent staggered distance (k) range of the blast holes on the two sides is 0 to the size of the resisting line, so that the impact action and the damage of the blast waves of the blast holes on the opposite side to the surrounding rock on the side are prevented or reduced, and the smaller the distance is, the smaller the damage to the surrounding rock is.
The method is characterized in that a cutting well is arranged, lateral ore caving is adopted, blasting modes of a first blasting area (4) are that blast holes on two sides are blasted simultaneously in pairs, firstly, a first blast hole (11) and a sixth blast hole (21) are blasted, after proper delay of 50ms, a second blast hole (12) and a seventh blast hole (22) are blasted, the blast holes on the two sides are blasted simultaneously, the directions of blast shock waves (9) are opposite to each other to form paired compressive stress crushed ore bodies, meanwhile, the blast shock waves (9) of the opposite blasting are restrained from being blasted and falling, the blast shock waves (9) are connected into a line at an interface, the blasting area is separated equivalently through a joint cutting effect, then, blasting and mining are carried out on a second blasting area (5), and accordingly, the subsequent third blasting area (6) and other areas and mining are analogized.
In the embodiment, the thickness of an ore body (d) is 1.5m on average, the average inclination angle is 75 degrees, the lateral ore caving of a medium-length hole is adopted, medium-length holes with one side being one to five blast holes (11-15) are constructed at the interface (1) of an upper tray ore body and one side surrounding rock, medium-length holes with the other side being six to nine blast holes (21-24) are constructed at the interface (2) of a lower tray ore body and the other side surrounding rock, a hole opening drill bit is 51mm in diameter, the staggered distance (k) of the blast holes at the two sides of the upper tray and the lower tray is 1m, a semicircular inner protective wall sleeve plate (3) with the wall thickness of 3mm is installed at the inner surrounding rock side of the blast holes at the two sides, the sleeve plate is formed by half-cutting of steel pipes, the sleeve plates are connected by welding, and ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is installed in bulk, and the bottom of the hole is detonated.
The primary blasting area (4) is initiated in a manner that blast holes on two sides are simultaneously initiated in pairs, a first blast hole (11) and a sixth blast hole (21) are initiated firstly, a second blast hole (12) and a seventh blast hole (22) are initiated after proper delay of 50ms, the direction of the blast wave of the blasting gun is shown in a figure (1), and the blast wave is intensively propagated into the ore body but not into the surrounding rock on the side due to the action of a protective wall sleeve plate (3) in the blast holes, so that the surrounding rock on the side is protected from collapse due to blasting impact; as blast holes on two sides are detonated simultaneously, such as a first blast hole (11) and a sixth blast hole (21), the direction of blast shock waves (9) is opposite to form paired compressive stress crushed ore bodies, and collapse caused by opposite side blast impact is inhibited; as blast holes on two sides are simultaneously detonated, such as a first blast hole (11) and a sixth blast hole (21), the blast shock wave (9) penetrates through an ore body (d) and enters opposite side surrounding rocks, and the collapse of the opposite side surrounding rocks due to the blast impact of the opposite side blast holes is prevented; blasting holes on two sides are simultaneously detonated, such as a first blasting hole (11) and a sixth blasting hole (21), the blast shock wave (9) is damaged, and the blast shock wave of the first blasting hole (11) inhibits the blast shock of the sixth blasting hole (21) to collapse; as blast holes on two sides are simultaneously detonated, for example, a first blast hole (11) and a sixth blast hole (21), the blast shock wave (9) damages the surrounding rock at the interface (1) of the ore body and the surrounding rock on one side; blasting impact and collapse of blast holes on the same side; as blast holes on two sides are simultaneously detonated, such as a first blast hole (11) and a sixth blast hole (21), the blast shock wave (9) is connected into a line at an interface, such as the blast shock of the blast holes (11) and (12) and collapses; as blast holes on two sides are simultaneously detonated, such as a first blast hole (11) and a sixth blast hole (21), the detonation shock waves (9) are connected into a line at the interface (1) of the ore body and the surrounding rock on one side, which is equivalent to the separation of a caving region by a kerf effect.
After the blasting and ore removal of the first blasting area (4) are finished, blasting and mining are carried out on the second blasting area (5), and the follow-up third blasting area (6) and other areas are mined in the same way.
The impact action and the damage of the detonation waves of the blast holes on the opposite side to the surrounding rock on the side are adjusted by adjusting the staggered distance (k) of the blast holes on the two sides, the damage to the surrounding rock is smaller when k is smaller, and the k value can be 0 toResistant wireSize.
The impact effect of the blast hole on the surrounding rock at the side is adjusted by adjusting the arc length of the wall protection sleeve plate (3), the radian of the semicircular inner wall protection sleeve plate is 180 degrees in the embodiment, and the impact effect on the surrounding rock at the side is smaller as the arc length is longer.
Referring to fig. 4, for crushing rock, in order to prevent hole collapse, the semicircular inner retaining wall sleeve plate (3) can be changed into a spaced-apart inner retaining wall sleeve, in the embodiment, a square-opening PE pipe is customized to be used as the spaced-apart inner retaining wall sleeve, and the non-opening side faces the surrounding rock side.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized. The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent replacements within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The retaining wall opposite-pressure blasting process and method are used for mining steeply inclined thin ore bodies and are characterized by comprising but not limited to the following steps:
A. constructing two-side blast holes (11-15, 21-24) with half of a certain staggered distance (K) in the ore bed (d) and the other half in the surrounding rock on the ore rock interfaces (1, 2) at the two sides of the ore bed (d) in a staggered manner;
B. wall lagging (3) in the wall rock side-mounting arc in blast holes (11-15, 21-24) of both sides, built-in explosive (8), thereby make detonation shock wave (9) concentrate to spreading in ore body layer (d) through wall lagging (3) and protect this side blast hole detonation wave not get into this side wall rock in order to protect the rock wall, the adjacent blast hole of both sides explodes simultaneously in pairs and forms detonation shock wave (9) in pairs, mutual suppression realizes that this side blast hole detonation wave does not get into contralateral wall rock in order to protect the rock wall in the broken ore layer (d) simultaneously, thereby realize that detonation shock wave (9) are used in effective broken ore of ore in ore layer (d) and control the thickness of drawing for ore layer (d).
2. Blasting process and method according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the curved inner panel (3) is adjusted depending on the effect of the wall on the side of the blastholes (11-15, 21-24) on both sides.
3. Blasting process and method according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc length of the curved inner panel (3) is adjusted depending on the angle and extent of the hole spread.
4. A blasting process and method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the arc inner retaining wall sheathing panels (3) are half-cut from a steel pipe and the arc inner retaining wall sheathing panels (3) are welded together in the direction of the hole depth.
5. A blasting process and method according to claim 1 characterised in that instead of the curved inner retaining wall panels (3) an intraoral retaining wall sleeve is used spaced to the ore body side in the crushed rock to protect the hole.
6. A blasting process and method according to claim 5 wherein the spaced apart inner retaining wall sleeves are square-mouthed PE tubes with the unopened side facing the wall rock.
7. A blasting process and method according to claim 1 wherein adjacent staggered distance (k) of blastholes on opposite sides is in the range 0 to the size of the line of resistance to prevent or reduce the impact and damage of blast waves from blastholes on opposite sides to surrounding rock on the opposite side, the smaller the distance the less damage to surrounding rock.
8. The blasting process and method according to claim 1, characterized in that a cutting well is provided, lateral ore caving is adopted, the first blasting area (4) is initiated in such a way that blast holes on two sides are simultaneously initiated in pairs, the first blast hole (11) and the sixth blast hole (21) are initiated first, the second blast hole (12) and the seventh blast hole (22) are initiated after a proper delay of 50ms, and as the blast holes on two sides are initiated simultaneously, the direction of blast shock waves (9) is opposite to each other to form paired compressive stress crushing ore bodies, and simultaneously, collapse caused by impact of blast shock waves (9) of opposite blasting blasts is inhibited, the blast shock waves (9) are connected in a line at an interface, which is equivalent to the kerf effect to separate the caving area, and then the second blasting area (5) and the mining are carried out, and by analogy, the subsequent third blasting area (6) and other areas are blasted and mined.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111462734.8A CN114165237B (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Wall protection opposite pressure blasting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111462734.8A CN114165237B (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Wall protection opposite pressure blasting method |
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| CN114165237A true CN114165237A (en) | 2022-03-11 |
| CN114165237B CN114165237B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101261104A (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2008-09-10 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Crack rock laneway molding control method |
| US20080245254A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2008-10-09 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Method Of Blasting |
| CN103017621A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-03 | 青海山金矿业有限公司 | Blasting method for reducing depletion in steeply inclined thin ore body recovery |
| CN106150505A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-23 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Efficient fine blasting method for ultrathin ore body |
| CN108759596A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-06 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of flexibility cumulative charge pipe device and its application method |
| CN110630261A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-31 | 玉溪矿业有限公司 | Efficient and safe mining method |
| CN111504747A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 安徽理工大学 | Single-face annular joint-cutting energy-gathering explosive column, and indoor test and application |
-
2021
- 2021-12-02 CN CN202111462734.8A patent/CN114165237B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080245254A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2008-10-09 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Method Of Blasting |
| CN101261104A (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2008-09-10 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Crack rock laneway molding control method |
| CN103017621A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-03 | 青海山金矿业有限公司 | Blasting method for reducing depletion in steeply inclined thin ore body recovery |
| CN106150505A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-23 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Efficient fine blasting method for ultrathin ore body |
| CN108759596A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-06 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of flexibility cumulative charge pipe device and its application method |
| CN110630261A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-31 | 玉溪矿业有限公司 | Efficient and safe mining method |
| CN111504747A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 安徽理工大学 | Single-face annular joint-cutting energy-gathering explosive column, and indoor test and application |
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| CN114165237B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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