CN114165237B - Wall protection opposite pressure blasting method - Google Patents
Wall protection opposite pressure blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114165237B CN114165237B CN202111462734.8A CN202111462734A CN114165237B CN 114165237 B CN114165237 B CN 114165237B CN 202111462734 A CN202111462734 A CN 202111462734A CN 114165237 B CN114165237 B CN 114165237B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wall protection opposite-pressure blasting method, aiming at the mining of a steep thin ore body, comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of constructing blast holes on two sides of a surrounding rock on one half of a certain staggered distance in the ore bed at the interfaces of the ore rocks on two sides of the ore bed in a staggered manner; the method is characterized in that arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates are arranged on the surrounding rock sides in the blast holes on two sides, explosive is filled in the arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates, detonation shock waves are concentrated to the ore body layer through the wall protection sleeve plates, so that the detonation shock waves of the blast holes on the two sides are prevented from entering the surrounding rock on the two sides to protect the rock wall, the detonation shock waves are detonated in pairs at the same time to form paired pressure detonation shock waves, the detonation shock waves of the blast holes on the two sides are prevented from entering the surrounding rock on the two sides to protect the rock wall while the ore layer is crushed, the detonation shock waves are enabled to act in the ore layer to effectively crush the ore, and accordingly the thickness of the ore layer is controlled, the problem that the mining amplitude is too large in thin ore body mining is solved, the economic index of thin ore body mining can be improved, and the mining cost and the effects or advantages of dilution, mixing rate and the like are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blasting method, in particular to a wall protection opposite pressure blasting method.
Background
The mining amplitude control of the steep thin ore body is a difficult problem in the industry, the blasting breaking area of the conventional blasting process is too large, the mining amplitude is far greater than the thickness of the ore body, surrounding rocks on two sides of the ore body are broken and mixed, and the mining mixing rate and the depletion rate are increased.
The key component of the lancing explosion or energy gathering explosion is a slotting explosion tube, which is essentially that the slotting on a circular tube is used as a strength weak surface, the blasting bombing waves are concentrated and spread outwards along the weak surface, commonly used pipes such as steel tubes and PVC tubes are commonly used, the number of the slotting is 2, the patent CN 108759596A is to open two slots on a rigid pipe, and the slots are blocked by flexible materials, so that external water can be prevented from entering the pipe; CN 108680070B is perforated as a weak surface, and filled with water as an explosion propagation medium; CN 210625491U is a positioning device for a cumulative blasting cartridge; CN 213515308U installs a water band as a buffer in a conventional blasting tube; CN 214149008U discloses a self-tapping flexible energy gathering blasting tube; CN 202361898U discloses a slit blasting tube and the like. The kerf blasting is mainly used for tunnel excavation, kerf blasting is firstly constructed on the outer edge of an excavated surface to form cracks, then the kerf blasting is carried out on the outer edge of the excavated surface to improve the tunnel forming and reduce the over-excavation, but the kerf blasting process is added to increase the cost.
If the kerf blasting technology is applied to mining of a steeply inclined thin ore body, kerf blasting holes are constructed at interfaces of the ore body and surrounding rocks at two sides to perform kerf blasting, an ore layer is separated from the surrounding rocks at two sides, conventional blasting is performed at the thickness center of the ore layer, damage of blasting to the surrounding rocks at two sides can be restrained to a certain extent by taking kerfs as structural weaknesses, but the kerf blasting at two sides is increased, the cost is about 3.5 times of that of the conventional blasting process, the rock drilling and blasting cost is greatly increased, and the difficult problem of amplitude picking control cannot be thoroughly tunneled. Therefore, no good technical measures are adopted in the current industry to solve the difficult problem of amplitude control of the thin ore body.
The search for a wall protection opposite pressure blasting method is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the wall protection opposite pressure blasting method for mining the steep thin ore body is provided to control the mining width and reduce the cost.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the wall protection opposite-pressure blasting method aims at the mining of the steep thin ore body and comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the steps of performing staggered construction on the interfaces of rock and ore at two sides of an ore bed, wherein one half of the staggered distance is in the ore bed and the other half of the staggered distance is in blast holes at two sides of surrounding rock;
B. the method is characterized in that arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates are arranged on the surrounding rock sides in the blast holes on two sides, explosive is filled in the arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates, detonation shock waves are enabled to be transmitted to the ore body layer in a concentrated mode through the wall protection sleeve plates, so that the detonation shock waves of the blast holes on the two sides are prevented from entering the surrounding rock on the two sides to protect the rock wall, the adjacent blast holes on the two sides are detonated in pairs to form paired pressure detonation shock waves, the detonation waves of the blast holes on the two sides are prevented from entering the surrounding rock on the two sides to protect the rock wall while the ore layer is crushed, the detonation shock waves are enabled to act on the ore layer to effectively crush ores, and therefore the mining amplitude is controlled to be the thickness of the ore layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Solves the difficult problem of overlarge mining width of the mining of the thin ore body.
(2) Improving the economic index of mining of the thin ore body.
(3) Reducing the exploitation cost, depletion and mixing rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wall protection pressure blasting method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a big sample of the side blast hole shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a big sample of the other side blast hole shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of another three-dimensional bulk form of a wall bushing within a spacer opening.
The symbols in the drawings indicate:
1. the boundary surface between the ore body and one side surrounding rock 2, the boundary surface between the ore body and the other side surrounding rock 3, the semicircular inner retaining wall sleeve plate 4, the first blasting area 5, the second blasting area 6, the third blasting area 7, the cutting well 8, the explosive 9, the bombing shock waves 11-15, the one-side blast holes 21-24, the six-side blast holes d, the nine-side blast holes d, the ore layer k and the staggered distance
The description is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the wall protection opposite pressure blasting method provided by the invention aims at mining of a steep thin ore body and comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the steps of performing staggered construction on ore-rock interfaces at two sides of an ore layer (d), wherein one half of a staggered distance (K) is in the ore layer (d) and the other half of the staggered distance (K) is in blast holes at two sides of surrounding rocks;
B. the method is characterized in that arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates (3) are arranged on the surrounding rock sides in the blast holes on two sides, explosive (8) are arranged in the arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates, detonation shock waves (9) are concentrated to propagate to a mineral layer (d) through the wall protection sleeve plates (3), so that the blast waves of the blast holes on the two sides do not enter the surrounding rock on the side to protect the rock wall, the adjacent blast holes on the two sides are detonated in pairs to form a pair of pressure detonation shock waves (9), the blast holes on the two sides are mutually restrained while the mineral layer (d) is crushed, the blast waves of the blast holes on the side do not enter the surrounding rock on the side to protect the rock wall, and the detonation shock waves (9) act on the mineral layer (d) to effectively crush the mineral, so that the amplitude of the mining is controlled to be the thickness of the mineral layer (d).
The method of the invention can be further that
The thickness of the arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plate (3) is adjusted according to the wall protection effect of the side where the blast holes on the two sides are located.
The arc length of the arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plate (3) is adjusted according to the diffusion angle and the range of the blast hole.
The arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates (3) are formed by cutting steel pipes in half and half, and the arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates (3) are welded together along the depth direction of the holes.
An inner retaining wall sleeve pipe which is spaced towards the ore body side is adopted to replace an arc inner retaining wall sleeve plate (3) in the broken ore rock so as to protect holes.
The inner retaining wall sleeve with the interval opening is a square PE pipe, and the unopened side faces the surrounding rock side.
The adjacent staggered distance (k) of the blast holes at the two sides ranges from 0 to the size of a resistance line so as to prevent or reduce the impact and damage of the blast waves of the blast holes at the opposite sides to the surrounding rock at the opposite sides, and the damage to the surrounding rock at the opposite sides is smaller as the distance is smaller.
The method comprises the steps of arranging a cutting well, adopting lateral ore caving, detonating the first blasting area (4) in a manner of detonating the blastholes on two sides in pairs at the same time, detonating the first blasthole and the sixth blasthole at first, detonating the second blasthole and the seventh blasthole after proper delay for 50ms, detonating the blastholes on two sides at the same time, forming paired compressive stress to crush ore bodies in opposite directions by detonation shock waves (9), simultaneously inhibiting opposite-side blasting blasts (9) from impacting and collapsing, connecting the blasts (9) into lines at interfaces, separating the caving areas in a manner of being equivalent to a lancing effect, blasting and mining the second blasting area (5), and blasting and mining the third blasting area (6) and other areas after mining by analogy.
In the embodiment, the thickness of an ore body (d) is 1.5m on average, the average dip angle is 75 degrees, medium deep holes are adopted for laterally collapsing, medium deep holes of blast holes (11-15) on one side to five sides are constructed at the interface (1) of the upper disc ore body and one side surrounding rock, medium deep holes of blast holes (21-24) on the other side are constructed at the interface (2) of the lower disc ore body and the other side surrounding rock, the diameter of a drilling bit is 51mm, the staggered distance (k) between the blast holes on the two sides of the upper disc and the lower disc is 1m, semicircular inner retaining wall sleeve plates (3) with the wall thickness of 3mm are arranged on the surrounding rock sides in the blast holes on the two sides, steel pipes are adopted for half-cutting to form the annular plates, welded connection is adopted, and bulk ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is arranged between the annular plates, and the hole bottoms are detonated.
The primary blasting area (4) is formed by detonating blast holes on two sides in pairs at the same time, namely, detonating a first blast hole and a sixth blast hole, detonating a second blast hole and a seventh blast hole after proper delay for 50ms, and blasting shock waves (9) of blasting are in the direction shown in figure 1, and because of the action of a wall protection sleeve plate (3) in the blast holes, the blasting shock waves (9) are concentrated to propagate into a mineral body and not propagate into the surrounding rock of the side, so that the surrounding rock of the side is protected from being collapsed by blasting shock; because the blastholes on two sides are detonated simultaneously, such as a first blasthole and a sixth blasthole, the directions of the detonation shock waves (9) are opposite to form paired compressive stress to crush ore bodies, and simultaneously, opposite side blasting impact is restrained from collapsing; the detonation shock waves (9) are connected into lines at the interface (1) between the ore body and the surrounding rock at one side, and the detonation shock waves are equivalent to the lancing effect to separate the caving region.
After the blasting of the first blasting area (4) and ore drawing are finished, the blasting and mining of the second blasting area (5) are carried out, and the subsequent third blasting area (6) and other areas are mined by analogy.
The impact and damage of the detonation wave of the opposite side blast holes to the surrounding rock are adjusted by adjusting the staggered distance (k) of the blast holes at the two sides, the smaller the k is, the smaller the damage to the surrounding rock is, and the k value can be 0 to 0Resistance wireSize of the product.
The impact effect of the blast hole on the side surrounding rock is adjusted by adjusting the arc length of the wall protection sleeve plate (3), the radian of the semicircular inner wall protection sleeve plate is 180 degrees in the embodiment, and the impact effect on the side surrounding rock is smaller when the arc length is longer.
Referring to fig. 4, for broken rock, to prevent hole collapse, the semicircular inner retaining wall sleeve plate (3) may be changed into a spaced-opening inner retaining wall sleeve, and in this embodiment, a square-opening PE pipe is customized as the spaced-opening inner retaining wall sleeve, with the unopened side facing the surrounding rock side.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized. The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be made in equivalent ways, and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The wall protection opposite pressure blasting method aims at the mining of the steep thin ore body and is characterized in that:
A. the method comprises the steps of constructing two sides of an ore layer (d) at the interfaces of the ore and the rock in a staggered manner, wherein one half of a certain staggered distance (K) is formed in two sides of blast holes of the other half of the ore layer (d) in surrounding rock, and the adjacent staggered distance (K) of the blast holes at the two sides ranges from 0 to the size of a resistance line;
B. installing arc inner wall protection sleeve plates (3) on the surrounding rock sides in the blast holes at two sides, installing explosive (8) in the inner wall protection sleeve plates, and enabling detonation shock waves (9) to be concentrated and spread to a mineral seam (d) through the arc inner wall protection sleeve plates (3) so as to protect the blast holes at the two sidesFirecrackerThe bombing shock waves (9) do not enter the side surrounding rock to protect the rock wall, the adjacent blastholes on two sides are detonated in pairs at the same time to form the pressured bombing shock waves (9), and the blastholes on the side are mutually inhibited while the ore layer (d) is crushedFirecrackerThe bombing shock wave (9) does not enter the side surrounding rock to protect the rock wall, thereby realizingFirecrackerThe bombing shock waves (9) act on the ore layer (d) to effectively crush the ore so as to control the amplitude of the ore layer (d), the arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates (3) are formed by cutting steel pipes in half and half, and the arc-shaped inner wall protection sleeve plates (3) are welded together along the depth direction of the holes.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the arc-shaped inner retaining wall sheathing (3) is adjusted depending on the retaining wall effect of the side on which the blastholes on both sides are located.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc length of the arc-shaped inner retaining wall sheathing (3) is adjusted depending on the blast hole diffusion angle and range.
4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner retaining wall sleeve is used in broken rock to replace the arc-shaped inner retaining wall sleeve plate (3) to protect the holes.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the spacer-open inner retaining wall sleeve is a square-mouth PE pipe with the unopened side facing the surrounding rock side.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a cutting well is arranged, lateral ore caving is adopted, the first blasting area (4) is blasted in pairs for two blast holes at the same time, the first blast hole and the sixth blast hole are blasted first, the second blast hole and the seventh blast hole are blasted after a proper time delay of 50ms, the detonation shock waves (9) are opposite in direction to form paired compressive stress to crush ore bodies due to the simultaneous blasting of the two blast holes, opposite side blasting impact is restrained to collapse, the detonation shock waves (9) are connected into lines at interfaces, the caving area is separated by a lancing effect, the second blasting area (5) is blasted and mined, and the subsequent third blasting area (6) and other areas are blasted and mined by analogy.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111462734.8A CN114165237B (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Wall protection opposite pressure blasting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111462734.8A CN114165237B (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Wall protection opposite pressure blasting method |
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| CN114165237A CN114165237A (en) | 2022-03-11 |
| CN114165237B true CN114165237B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0512364B1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2018-02-06 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Limited | DISASSEMBLY METHOD |
| CN101261104B (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2011-01-05 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Crack rock laneway molding control method |
| CN103017621A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-04-03 | 青海山金矿业有限公司 | Blasting method for reducing depletion in steeply inclined thin ore body recovery |
| CN106150505B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-10-16 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Efficient fine blasting method for ultrathin ore body |
| CN108759596B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2020-09-04 | 中国矿业大学 | Flexible energy-gathered blasting pipe cutting device and using method thereof |
| CN110630261A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-31 | 玉溪矿业有限公司 | Efficient and safe mining method |
| CN111504747A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 安徽理工大学 | Single-face annular joint-cutting energy-gathering explosive column, and indoor test and application |
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