CN114164844A - Construction method of square grid type organic material slope protection structure - Google Patents
Construction method of square grid type organic material slope protection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114164844A CN114164844A CN202111329262.9A CN202111329262A CN114164844A CN 114164844 A CN114164844 A CN 114164844A CN 202111329262 A CN202111329262 A CN 202111329262A CN 114164844 A CN114164844 A CN 114164844A
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- slope
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of side slope protection construction, and particularly discloses a grid net type organic slope protection structure construction method, which comprises the following construction steps: A. arranging anchor rods on the side slope in rows and columns; B. mounting support cushion blocks at the positions of the anchor rods anchored into the side slope, wherein the support cushion blocks are mounted at the arrangement positions of every other anchor rod; C. laying a slope protection net, and fixedly connecting the slope protection net to the anchor rod by adopting a slope protection net connecting piece; D. organic material is all spouted to both sides about the bank protection net, through laying the bank protection net, make the place of installing the supporting pad piece form the support to the bank protection net, lay the bank protection net after, the bank protection net is higher at the place that installs the supporting pad piece not having the position of installing the supporting pad piece, it lays the state to form the bank protection net of direction "one high one low" along the stock, make the organic material thickness of bank protection net bottom different, form the organic material on non-parallel layer, rely on the bank protection net and solidify with organic material height is crisscross, it is firm to guarantee the organic material of bank protection net bottom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of side slope protection construction, in particular to a construction method of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure.
Background
The existing slope protection mainly adopts engineering measures for protection, and comprises slope protection and retaining structure protection. Common protection measures (methods) for the slope surface comprise plastering, guniting, concrete spraying, grouted stone retaining walls, anchor-sprayed slope protection, anchor-sprayed net slope protection and the like by adopting mortar or three-layer soil and the like, and are mainly used for preventing the phenomena of weathering spalling, breaking, small quantity of falling stones, chipping and the like of the excavated slope surface; the types of retaining structure protection are more, including protective measures such as retaining wall, stock barricade, friction pile, the retaining structure has not only the guard action, has the effect of reinforcing the slope body again. However, no matter which kind of engineering measures are adopted for protection, the defects of damage to ecological nature, poor landscape effect and the like exist, and the concrete surface and the mortar sheet stone surface can be weathered, aged and even damaged along with the passage of time, so that the later-period treatment cost is higher.
Aiming at the defects of engineering measure protection, plant community protection is increasingly applied, but the functions of plant community slope fixation and soil maintenance are limited in space and time, on one hand, the plant community cannot relate to the collapse of deep soil or the sliding of an extremely thick soil layer, and on the other hand, the plant community can hardly reach the deep soil layer in a short time due to the fact that the plant community needs a long time for growing.
Under the working condition of a high and steep slope, the problems that a substrate for supplying plants to grow is difficult to attach to the slope and the plants cannot grow exist, in the existing slope protection technology, an anchor rod is usually fixed in the slope range, a frame beam is poured, and a flexible net mainly comprising a steel wire rope net is covered and wrapped on the surface of the whole slope range, so that the reinforcement effect is achieved, the weathering spalling or damage and dangerous rock collapse of the rock mass of the slope are limited, and meanwhile, the rockfall enclosure is controlled within a certain range. However, such a conventional slope protection structure has two main problems: on one hand, the poured frame beam forms visible slope masonry, which affects the greening and landscape effects of the slope; on the other hand, the lattice beam divides the surface soil body of the side slope into a plurality of independent unit soil blocks, and after vegetation protection is adopted, each unit soil block is isolated from each other, so that an integral protective layer structure is difficult to form, and the integral protective effect is poor.
Therefore, what kind of slope protection method can be adopted to ensure the stability of the high and steep slope within a short-term and long-term time range becomes a technical problem of intensive research by high and steep slope protection engineers. The high and steep slope protection relationship solves the contradiction between slope engineering protection and ecological environment destruction, and is also an important subject for realizing harmony and coexistence of human activities and natural environment.
Disclosure of Invention
At least one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a square grid type organic slope protection structure, which covers and fixes an organic material substrate on a slope surface, and combines the organic material substrate with the slope surface to form an integral structure in a short time depending on plant growth, thereby effectively preventing soil loss and achieving a good slope protection effect, in order to solve the problem that the substrate for supporting plant growth is difficult to adhere to the slope surface and thus plants cannot grow during the protection process of a high slope.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following aspects.
A construction method of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure comprises the following construction steps:
A. arranging anchor rods on the side slope in rows and columns;
B. mounting a support cushion block at the part of the anchor rod anchored into the side slope;
C. laying a slope protection net, and fixedly connecting the slope protection net to the anchor rod by adopting a slope protection net connecting piece;
D. organic materials are sprayed on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net.
The anchor rods are arranged on the side slopes, the anchor rods penetrate into the ground layer and are anchored on the side slopes, and the slope protection net is connected to the anchor rods, so that the slope protection net and the anchor rods are connected into an integral structure and are connected with the ground layer of the side slopes in a reinforcing manner, and the slope protection net is prevented from falling and shifting;
installing a supporting cushion block at the position where the anchor rod is anchored into the side slope, paving a slope protection net on the supporting cushion block, forming a space gap for spraying organic materials between the slope protection net and the side slope, further spraying and planting a layer of organic materials on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net, wherein the organic materials are formed by adopting peat, humus soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutrient fertilizer and other mixed materials, and spraying and planting plant seeds on the organic materials to complete grass planting, wherein the grass planting comprises plant seeds such as grass, flowers, shrubs and the like;
adopt this kind of square grid formula organic material bank protection construction method, spray-seeding plant seed grass on the organic material surface of slope protection net upside, the plant sprouts at the organic material surface and takes root the back, plant rhizome can pass the slope protection net and closely twine together with it in the organic material of slope protection net upside in the short time, and then be connected with first stock through the slope protection net and cover organic material matrix and fix on domatic, the plant, organic material, slope protection net and stock just can form overall structure with domatic combination in the short time, reach effectively to prevent soil loss, protect domatic holistic effect.
Preferably, in the step B, the support cushion blocks are arranged at intervals along the anchor rod arrangement positions in rows and columns, and the mode of connecting the slope protection net to the anchor rods includes: the slope protection net is connected to the anchor rod part outside the supporting cushion block at the position where the supporting cushion block is installed, and the anchor rod part close to the side slope is connected to the slope protection net at the position where the supporting cushion block is not installed.
After the anchor rods are arranged in rows and columns, a supporting cushion block is arranged at the arrangement position every other anchor rod, after the slope protection net is laid, the position where the supporting cushion block is arranged supports the slope protection net, so that after the slope protection net is laid, the slope protection net is higher at the position where the supporting cushion block is arranged than the position where the supporting cushion block is not arranged, and thus a slope protection net laying state of 'one high and one low' along the anchor rod laying direction is formed, the thicknesses of organic materials at the bottom of the slope protection net are different, the organic materials and the slope protection net with non-parallel layers are formed, and the slope protection net and the organic materials are solidified in a staggered mode, so that the organic materials at the bottom of the slope protection net are ensured to be stable;
preferably, the construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection further comprises a step E: and laying a grass planting net, continuously installing interlayer cushion blocks after the slope protection net is laid on the supporting cushion blocks, and flatly laying the grass planting net on the interlayer cushion blocks.
A layer of grass planting net is arranged on the outer side of the slope protection net, and the grass planting net is laid flatly, so that organic materials on the upper layer of the slope protection net are further fixed, and the overall stability of the organic material slope protection structure is further improved; lay the grass planting net after, form the whole netted skeleton of twice in the organic material of spray-seeding above the domatic basis, the slope protection net that the concave-convex curved surface was laid and the grass planting net that the even formula plane was laid, the organic material of slope protection net upper and lower both sides is the non-parallel layer structure, higher stability has, the grass planting net is square to form the thickness and is thinner and even parallel layer organic material on the net, be convenient for spray plant seed, and the surface is convenient for protect plant seed, cultivate its quick rooting and sprouting, and then promote plant root system and the winding of grass planting net, interweave, form stable vegetation surface structure.
Adopt the square grid formula organic material slope protection structure of this kind of combined type structure, can thicken the organic material thickness of spraying above the domatic basis, solved the unstable problem of current slope protection structure, the netted skeleton of multilayer combined type can increase substantially side slope stability.
Preferably, the anchor rod of the step a comprises a first anchor rod and a second anchor rod which are arranged at intervals, the supporting cushion block is arranged at the position where the first anchor rod is anchored into the side slope, and the thickness of the second anchor rod which is anchored into the side slope is larger than that of the first anchor rod which is anchored into the side slope.
When the slope protection net is laid and connected with the anchor rod, the connection mode of the slope protection net and the anchor rod is a high-low-high-low circulation mode, and the slope protection net is supported by the supporting cushion blocks at the higher positions and the anchor rod connection positions, so that the slope protection net receives downward tension at the higher connection positions and receives upward tension at the lower connection positions, the first anchor rod is arranged at the positions where the supporting cushion blocks are installed, the second anchor rod is arranged at the positions where the slope protection net receives upward tension, and therefore the safety of the arrangement structure of the anchor rods is guaranteed.
Further, the first anchor rod is a short anchor rod, and the second anchor rod is a long anchor rod.
Preferably, the construction method further comprises lattice beam construction, and before the step B, the construction method further comprises a step a 1: and C1, pouring the lattice beam concrete to a preset thickness continuously after the step C.
Through arranging the position at the stock and pour and set up the lattice roof beam, thereby the stock that will go deep into the stratum passes through the lattice roof beam and connects formation overall structure, further guarantee side slope stratum safety and stability, install the spacer block and lay the bank protection net after pouring lattice roof beam bottom concrete earlier, can be with bank protection net integral mounting on the side slope, it fixes through overall structure's side slope net to ensure the subsequent order spray-seeding at the organic material of side slope, form whole protective layer structure, ensure whole protecting effect, accomplish after lattice roof beam bottom concrete pouring, lay the bank protection net, and connect the bank protection net on the stock, and continue to accomplish the construction of pouring of lattice roof beam.
Preferably, in the lattice beam construction process, the method further comprises manufacturing a drainage channel, wherein the drainage channel comprises a water diversion channel arranged along the transverse lattice beam and a confluence channel arranged along the longitudinal lattice beam, and before organic materials are sprayed, a three-dimensional composite drainage net is laid on a notch of the drainage channel.
Through making water drainage tank on lattice beam, can shunt, the drainage to the water yield on the side slope, make can't in time permeate the inside rivers of stratum and go into water drainage tank, weaken the rainwater and wash away to the side slope, protect side slope safety, before the organic material of spray-seeding, lay three-dimensional composite drainage network at water drainage tank's notch, can avoid when spray-seeding organic material or cover the side slope soil body to water drainage tank jam, guarantee water drainage tank unblocked, exert drainage function smoothly.
When the drainage channel is manufactured, the lattice beam pouring template is installed in advance, the lattice beam pouring template comprises a lattice beam main structure template and a drainage channel template, slurry leakage treatment is carried out on the intersection position of the lattice beam pouring template and the slope protection net, the slurry leakage treatment comprises installation of a sealing strip or filling of a foaming agent, for example, a foam sealing strip is added in a plugging mode or a polyurethane foam gap filler is added in the filling process, and therefore the slurry leakage problem of the lattice beam in the pouring process is avoided or reduced. The lattice beam has the main function of integrally connecting the side slope structures to fulfill the aim of reinforcing the side slope, so that the pouring construction requirement of the lattice beam is not high, and the reinforcing function of the lattice beam is not influenced by slight slurry leakage.
Preferably, after the lattice beam construction is completed, a grass planting net is continuously paved on the lattice beam, and a layer of organic materials is sprayed and sown above the grass planting net.
After the construction of the lattice beam is completed, the side slope forms a grid net type structure, the grass planting net is laid on the lattice beam, soil bodies and organic materials in the lattice beam grids can be further kept stable, the organic materials are laid and pressed in the grid net type structure, meanwhile, a layer of organic materials is sprayed and sowed on the grass planting net, the dock surface of the lattice beam can be covered, and the environment beautifying effect is improved.
Furthermore, the thickness of the organic material sprayed on the grass planting net is between 1.5 and 3cm, and the grass planting net is preferably a machine-woven galvanized wire net.
Preferably, before the construction of the grid organic slope protection structure, the method further comprises the following construction steps of A0: the platform position is determined according to the preset slope rate, the slope is integrally divided into multiple levels of slopes through the platform, and grid net type organic material slope protection structures are respectively constructed on the multiple levels of slopes.
The side slope is divided into the multiple levels of side slopes through the platform, so that the side slopes at all levels are relatively independent, the structural safety of the whole side slope cannot be influenced due to the stability problem of the side slope at a certain level, but the side slope at each level forms a grid net type organic material slope protection integral structure, and the integral stability of the side slope at each level is ensured.
Preferably, after the grid net type organic material slope protection structure is constructed, a drainage ditch is arranged on a platform below the side slope, and the confluence groove is communicated with the drainage ditch.
Under the condition of a long and large side slope, the side slope overall structure can form excessive rainwater with large runoff, the drainage ditch is arranged on the platform, the confluence groove is communicated with the drainage ditch, water flow on the side slope is enabled to be uniformly discharged to a drainage facility through the confluence groove and the drainage ditch, the formation of the excessive rainwater to wash the next side slope is avoided, and the safety of the whole side slope is ensured.
Further, the cross section of the drainage ditch is in a rectangular or trapezoidal structure.
Preferably, the step a0 further includes constructing a catch basin above the side slope in advance.
The distance between the intercepting ditch and the side slope is more than 5m, and the intercepting ditch is constructed above the side slope, so that surface water flowing to the side slope above the side slope can be intercepted, and the side slope is protected from being washed by surface water flow above the side slope.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the grid net type organic material slope protection construction method, plant seeds are sprayed and sown on the surface of the organic material on the upper side of the slope protection net for planting grass, after the plants germinate and root on the surface of the organic material, plant roots and stems can penetrate through the slope protection net from the organic material on the upper side of the slope protection net in a short time and are tightly wound together with the slope protection net, the slope protection net is connected with the first anchor rod to cover and fix the organic material substrate on the slope, the plants, the organic material, the slope protection net and the anchor rod can be combined with the slope in a short time to form an integral structure, and the effects of effectively preventing soil loss and protecting the integrity of the slope are achieved;
2. the support cushion blocks are arranged at the arrangement positions of every two anchor rods at intervals, after the slope protection net is laid, the places where the support cushion blocks are arranged support the slope protection net, so that after the slope protection net is laid, the slope protection net is higher in the places where the support cushion blocks are arranged than the positions where the support cushion blocks are not arranged, a slope protection net laying state of 'one high and one low' along the anchor rod arrangement direction is formed, the thicknesses of organic materials at the bottoms of the slope protection net are different, the organic materials and the slope protection net with non-parallel layers are formed, and the slope protection net is solidified with the organic materials in a staggered mode in height, so that the organic materials at the bottoms of the slope protection net are ensured to be stable;
3. a layer of grass planting net is arranged on the outer side of the slope protection net, and the grass planting net is laid flatly, so that organic materials on the upper layer of the slope protection net are further fixed, and the overall stability of the organic material slope protection structure is further improved; after the grass planting net is laid, two integral net-shaped skeletons are formed in organic materials sprayed on the upper side of the slope foundation, the slope protection net laid by a concave-convex curved surface and the grass planting net laid by a flat plane are formed, the organic materials on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net are in a non-parallel layer structure and have higher stability, and the organic materials with thinner and uniform parallel layers are formed on the upper side of the grass planting net, so that plant seeds can be sprayed conveniently, the surface of the grass seeds can be protected conveniently, the plant seeds can be cultured to rapidly take roots and sprout, and the plant roots and the grass planting net can be promoted to be wound and interwoven to form a stable vegetation surface layer structure;
4. through making water drainage tank on lattice beam, can shunt, the drainage to the water yield on the side slope, make can't in time permeate the inside rivers of stratum and go into water drainage tank, weaken the rainwater and wash away to the side slope, protect side slope safety, before the organic material of spray-seeding, lay three-dimensional composite drainage network at water drainage tank's notch, can avoid when spray-seeding organic material or cover the side slope soil body to water drainage tank jam, guarantee water drainage tank unblocked, exert drainage function smoothly.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a square grid type organic slope protection structure in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a square grid type organic slope protection structure in embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of a grid net type organic material slope protection structure provided with a grid beam.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the lattice beam in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a drainage ditch arranged on a platform.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a platform arranged on a slope.
The labels in the figure are: 1-side slope, 1A-side slope top, 2-first anchor rod, 3-supporting cushion block, 4-slope protection net, 5-organic material, 6-second anchor rod, 7-interlayer cushion block, 8-grass planting net, 9-lattice beam, 91-transverse lattice beam, 92-longitudinal lattice beam, 10-drainage groove, 101-water diversion groove, 102-confluence groove, 11-three-dimensional composite drainage net, 12-platform, 13-drainage groove, 14-catch basin and 15-platform.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 illustrates a grid type organic material slope protection structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The square grid type organic material slope protection structure of the embodiment mainly comprises a plurality of first anchor rods 2 arranged on a side slope 1, a supporting cushion block 3 is arranged at the position of the plurality of first anchor rods 2, a slope protection net 4 is paved on the supporting cushion block 3, organic materials 5 for grass planting are sprayed and sowed on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net 4, the slope protection net 4 is connected with the first anchor rods 2, the slope protection net 4 is made of galvanized steel wire meshes or high-strength polyester fiber meshes and other materials, the slope protection net 4 is connected with the first anchor rods 2 through connecting pieces such as ground nails, rope clamps or steel wire binding ropes and the like, so that the slope protection net 4 and the first anchor rods 2 form an integral structure, the supporting cushion block 3 is made of concrete cushion blocks, glass fibers or plastic cushion blocks and the like, the organic materials 5 are made of one or a plurality of mixed materials such as peat, humus soil, grass fibers, slow release fertilizers and the like and are used for spraying and sowing plant seeds, thereby completing the grass planting vegetation.
Example 2
Fig. 2 shows a more preferable exemplary embodiment, and on the basis of embodiment 1, the square grid type organic material slope protection structure of this embodiment further includes a plurality of second anchors 6, the first anchors 2 are arranged in a quincunx shape, the second anchors 6 are disposed between two adjacent first anchors 2, the thickness of the organic material 5 on the lower layer of the slope protection net 4 at the position of the second anchor 6 is d1, the thickness of the organic material 5 on the lower layer of the slope protection net 4 at the position of the first anchor 2 is d2, and d1 < d 2. Because slope protection net 4 is for leveling the structure, adopt this kind of arrangement mode, make slope protection net 4 form downward pressure to the organic material 5 of lower floor around second stock 6, avoid the organic material 5 of slope protection net 4 lower floor to form parallel layer in whole within range simultaneously, further improve slope protection structure's stability. As an extreme case, the thickness d2 of the lower layer of the slope protection net 4 at the location of the second anchor 6 is close to 0.
As one preferred embodiment, the first anchor rod 2 is designed to be a short anchor rod because the second anchor rod 6 is subjected to larger pulling force, and the second anchor rod 6 is a long anchor rod, so that the second anchor rod 6 is anchored to a deeper part of the slope than the first anchor rod 2, and the second anchor rod is prevented from being pulled to be loose.
As another preferred embodiment: interlayer cushion 7 is still installed at 2 positions of first stock, interlayer cushion 7 is arranged in the top of lip block 3 and is located the slope protection net 4 outside, interlayer cushion 7 top has still been laid and has been planted grass net 8, and this grass planting net 8 is connected with first stock 2, interlayer cushion 7 adopts concrete cushion, glass fiber or plastics cushion etc. equally, and grass planting net 8 adopts materials such as galvanized steel wire net or high-strength polyester fiber net, considers from cost and practicality, the same galvanized steel wire net 4 is the preferred adoption with slope protection net to grass planting net 8. The grass planting net 8 is fixed with the first anchor rod 2 and/or the second anchor rod 6, and is also connected by connecting pieces such as an anchor, a rope clip or a steel wire binding rope. This structural style forms bilayer structure about forming, and the organic material 5 of planting grass between net 8 and the slope protection net 4 and the organic material 5 of slope protection net 4 lower part are non-parallel layer organic material moreover, have higher stability, and bilayer structure's netted skeleton texture can promote plant roots and plant grass net 8 and slope protection net 4 winding, interweave by bigger degree, forms stable vegetation top layer structure.
The thickness of three layers of organic materials formed in the double-layer net-shaped framework structure is that, from top to bottom, the thickness of 5 layers of organic materials above the grass planting net 8 is controlled to be between 1.5 and 3cm, the maximum value of the thickness of the organic material layer between the grass planting net 8 and the slope protection net 4 is controlled to be between 10 and 20cm, the minimum value is controlled to be between 5 and 10cm, the thickness difference between the position with the thickest layer and the position with the thinnest layer is controlled to be above 5cm, the maximum value of the thickness of the organic material layer at the lower layer of the slope protection net 4 is controlled to be within 10cm, the minimum value is controlled to be between 0 and 5cm, and the difference between the position with the thickest layer and the position with the thinnest layer is also controlled to be above 5 cm.
Example 3
Fig. 3 and 4 show an exemplary embodiment of a square grid type organic slope protection structure with lattice beams, the square grid type organic slope protection structure of the present embodiment further includes lattice beams 9 embedded in the slope 1, the lattice beams 9 are transversely and longitudinally arranged along the arrangement direction of the second anchor 6, the transverse lattice beams 91 are transversely arranged along the second anchor 6, the longitudinal lattice beams 92 are longitudinally arranged along the second anchor 6, and a layer of organic material 5 is further laid above the lattice beams 9, so that the lattice beams 9 are hidden in the slope, the covering slope masonry is arranged on the lattice beams 9, manual chiseling is reduced, the trace of the slope is adapted to the nature as much as possible, and the greening and landscape effects of the slope are enhanced.
In a preferred embodiment, the lattice beams 9 are provided with drainage channels 10, which include drainage channels 101 arranged along the transverse lattice beams 91 and collection channels 102 arranged along the longitudinal lattice beams 92, the drainage channels 101 are arranged on the upper sides of the transverse lattice beams 91 and have the same grid space enclosed by the transverse lattice beams 91 and the longitudinal lattice beams 92, a three-dimensional composite drainage net 11 is laid on the opening side of the drainage channels 101, the three-dimensional composite drainage net 11 is used for separating the drainage channels 101 from the organic materials 5 in the grid space to prevent the sprayed organic materials 5 from entering the drainage channels 101 to form blockage, and the three-dimensional composite drainage net 11 can also filter rainwater immersed in the organic materials, so that the drainage channels 101 drain excessive water to the lower side of the inner side slope of the collection channels 102, the collection channels 102 are arranged inside the longitudinal lattice beams 92 and are communicated with the drainage channels 101 at the intersection of the transverse lattice beams 91 and the longitudinal lattice beams 92, thereby collect the water yield of diversion channel 101 reposition of redundant personnel, when the square grid formula organic material slope protection structure of this embodiment is used for high side slope occasion, still include the platform 15 of cutting apart into multistage side slope with the side slope is whole, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6 be provided with escape canal 13 on the platform 15, converge groove 102 and lead to escape canal 13 for the excessive water yield of diversion channel 101 collection flows to the escape canal through converging groove 102, and the rethread side slope is concentrated the drainage facility and is patted rivers away, avoids forming side slope scouring because the water yield that collects is great in high side slope occasion, ensures side slope safety.
As one preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the square grid type organic slope protection structure further includes a catch basin 14 disposed above the side slope 1, the catch basin is disposed above a slope top 1A of the side slope, the slope top 1A of the side slope is in smooth transition, and the catch basin 14 is configured to collect surface water at a non-slope portion above the side slope 1, so as to prevent the surface water at the non-slope portion from flowing to the side slope, increase scouring on the side slope, and further ensure safety of drainage of the side slope.
Example 4
In the present embodiment, a method for constructing a square grid type organic slope protection structure is provided, which is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6, first, a gutter 14 is arranged on the top of a side slope 1, the gutter 14 has a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section, and the slope ratio is 1: n (n is 0.5 or 1 or 2, etc.) divides the side slope 1 into multiple levels of side slopes, thereby determining the position of the platform 15, the platform 15 is arranged between the side slopes of each level, the slope rate of each level of side slope can be the same or different, then a square grid type organic material slope protection structure in any structure form in embodiments 1-3 is constructed on each level of side slope, for the whole side slope, the square grid type organic material slope protection structure of each level of side slope is relatively independent, but each level of side slope forms a square grid type organic material slope protection integral structure independently, the construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure of the embodiment specifically comprises the following construction steps:
step A: anchor rods are arranged on the side slope in rows and columns, each anchor rod comprises a first anchor rod 2 and a second anchor rod 6 which are arranged at intervals, the first anchor rods 2 and the second anchor rods 6 are arranged at intervals, the thickness (depth) of the second anchor rods 6 anchored into the side slope is larger than the thickness (depth) of the first anchor rods 2 anchored into the side slope 1, namely the first anchor rods 2 and the second anchor rods 6 are anchored in a staggered mode and are correspondingly arranged according to the depth-shallow-deep-shallow mode, the first anchor rods 2 are short anchor rods, and the second anchor rods 6 are long anchor rods;
and B: after the anchor rods are laid, the bottom concrete of the lattice beam 9 is poured along the anchor rod laying direction, the bottom concrete of the lattice beam 9 is poured firstly, the bottom concrete of the lattice beam 9 is poured in the side slope 1 in an embedded mode, the lattice beam 9 is arranged, the anchor rods penetrating into the ground layer can be connected through the lattice beam 9 to form an integral structure, and the safety and the stability of the side slope ground layer are further guaranteed; in the slope protection structure without the lattice beam, lattice beam construction is not carried out, the supporting cushion blocks 3 are installed after bottom layer concrete of the lattice beam 9 is poured, the supporting cushion blocks 3 are installed at the positions where the first anchor rods 2 are anchored into the side slope, and the short anchor rods and the long anchor rods are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode, so that the supporting cushion blocks 3 are also arranged at intervals along the anchor rod arrangement positions in rows and columns;
and C: after the supporting cushion blocks 3 are installed, the slope protection net 4 is laid, the slope protection net 4 is fixedly connected to the anchor rods by adopting slope protection net connecting pieces, the mode that the slope protection net 4 is connected to the anchor rods comprises two aspects, namely, a first anchor rod 2 (short anchor rod) position, the slope protection net is connected to the short anchor rods on the outer sides of the supporting cushion blocks and is close to the upper surfaces of the supporting cushion blocks, and a second anchor rod 6 (long anchor rod) is connected to the slope protection net 4 at a position close to the anchoring part of the long anchor rods into the side slope, the slope protection net connecting pieces comprise binding steel wires, buckles and the like, the slope protection net 4 is integrally installed on the side slope 1, organic materials sprayed on the side slope in a subsequent process can be fixed through the integral side slope net, an integral protection layer structure is formed, the integral protection effect is ensured, the supporting cushion blocks 3 are arranged at the connecting parts of the short anchor rods and used for supporting the slope protection net 4, and a space for spraying organic materials is reserved below the slope protection net 4, the slope protection net 4 is higher than the joint of the second anchor rod 6 at the joint of the first anchor rod 2, meanwhile, the slope protection net 4 is under downward tension at the joint of the first anchor rod 2 (short anchor rod), and under upward tension at the joint of the second anchor rod 6 (long anchor rod), and the second anchor rod 6 (long anchor rod) is deeply anchored, which can ensure the safety of the arrangement structure of the anchor rods, after laying and connecting the slope protection net 4, the lattice beam 9 is continuously poured to the preset thickness, the thickness of the lattice beam 9 is approximately between 150 and 500mm, the slope protection net 4 is connected on the anchor rods, thereby the slope protection net 4 and the anchor rods are connected into an integral structure and are connected with the slope stratum in a reinforcing way, the slope protection net is prevented from falling and shifting, because the slope protection net is higher than the joint of the second anchor rod 6 at the joint of the first anchor rod 2, a slope protection net laying state along the anchor rod laying direction is formed, and the thickness of the organic material 5 at the bottom of the slope protection net is different, the organic material 5 and the slope protection net 4 which form non-parallel layers are solidified in a staggered way by the slope protection net 4 and the organic material 5, so that the organic material 5 at the bottom of the slope protection net 4 is ensured to be stable;
step D: organic materials 5 are sprayed and sowed on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net 4;
step E: laying a grass planting net 8, when the slope protection net 4 and the grass planting net 8 need to be laid simultaneously, after the slope protection net 4 is laid on the supporting cushion block 3, continuously installing an interlayer cushion block 7, wherein the interlayer cushion block 7 can be installed at a position close to the first anchor rod 2 (short anchor rod) or a position close to the second anchor rod 6 (long anchor rod), preferably installed on the supporting cushion block 3 close to the first anchor rod 2 (short anchor rod), and the grass planting net 8 is flatly laid on the interlayer cushion block 7, and by arranging a layer of grass planting net 8 on the outer side of the slope protection net 4, the grass planting net 8 is flatly laid, further fixing the organic material 5 on the upper side layer of the slope protection net 4, and further improving the overall stability of the organic material slope protection structure; after the grass planting net 8 is laid, two integral net-shaped frameworks are formed in the organic material 5 sprayed and sown on the slope foundation, the slope protection net 4 laid on the concave-convex curved surface and the grass planting net 8 laid on the flat plane are formed, the organic material 5 on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net 4 is of a non-parallel layer structure and has high stability, the organic material with a thin and uniform parallel layer is formed above the grass planting net 8, plant seeds are convenient to spray, the surface of the organic material is convenient to protect the plant seeds, the plant seeds are cultivated to rapidly take roots and sprout, and then the winding and interweaving of plant roots and the grass planting net are promoted to form a stable vegetation surface layer structure;
after the grass planting net 8 is laid, spraying and sowing the organic materials 5, when spraying and sowing, a layer of organic materials 5 needs to be sprayed and sowed above the grass planting net 8, the thickness of the sprayed and sowed organic materials 5 is 1.5-3cm, the grass planting net is preferably the same as the slope protection net 4, a machine-woven galvanized wire mesh is adopted, after the lattice beam 9 is arranged, the side slope 1 forms a grid net type structure, the grass planting net 8 is laid on the lattice beam 9, soil bodies and the organic materials in the grids of the lattice beam 9 can be further kept stable, the grass planting net 8 is used for laying the organic materials 5 in the grid net type structure, and meanwhile, a layer of organic materials 5 is sprayed and sowed above the grass planting net 8, so that the dock surface of the lattice beam 9 can be covered, and the environment beautifying effect is improved.
Installing a supporting cushion block 3 at the position where the anchor rod is anchored into the side slope, laying a slope protection net 4 on the supporting cushion block 3, forming a space gap for spraying organic materials 5 between the slope protection net 4 and the side slope 1, further spraying and planting a layer of organic materials 5 on the upper and lower sides of the slope protection net 4, wherein the organic materials 5 are formed by peat, humus soil, grass fibers, slow-release nutrient fertilizers and other mixed materials, spraying and planting plant seeds on the organic materials 5 to complete grass planting, wherein the grass planting comprises planting grass by using plant seeds such as grass, flowers, shrubs and the like, the square grid type organic material slope protection construction method of the embodiment is adopted, the plant seeds are sprayed and planted on the organic material surface on the upper side of the slope protection net, after the plant sprouts and takes roots on the organic material surface, the plant roots and stems can penetrate through the slope protection net from the organic materials on the upper side of the slope protection net and tightly twine with the slope protection net in a short time, further, the organic material substrate is covered and fixed on the slope protection surface through the connection of the slope protection net and the first anchor rod, plant, organic material, slope protection net and stock just can combine to form overall structure with domatic in short time, reach the effect that effectively prevents soil loss, protects domatic wholeness.
As one of various embodiments, in the construction process of the lattice beam 9, a drainage channel 10 is further manufactured, the drainage channel 10 comprises a water diversion channel 101 arranged along the transverse lattice beam 91 and a converging channel 102 arranged along the longitudinal lattice beam 92, a three-dimensional composite drainage network 11 is laid at the notch of the drainage channel 10 before the organic material 5 is sprayed, after the grid-type organic material slope protection structure is constructed, a drainage channel 13 is arranged on the lower platform 15 of the grade of side slope, the converging channel 102 is communicated with the drainage channel 13, the cross section of the drainage channel 13 is in a rectangular or trapezoidal structure, water flow on the side slope 1 is concentrated to the drainage channel 13 through the converging channel 102 and then is uniformly discharged to a drainage facility, excessive rainwater is prevented from being formed to wash the next grade of side slope, and the safety of the whole side slope is ensured.
Through making water drainage tank 10 on lattice beam 9, can shunt, the drainage to the water yield on the side slope 1, make can't in time permeate the inside rivers of stratum and go into water drainage tank 10, weaken the rainwater and wash away to the side slope, protect side slope 1 safety, before organic material 5 is spouted, lay three-dimensional composite drainage network at water drainage tank 10's notch, can avoid spouting organic material 5 or cover the side slope soil body when blockking up water drainage tank 10, guarantee water drainage tank 10 is unblocked, exert drainage function smoothly.
It is worth to be noted that: when the drainage channel 10 is manufactured, the lattice beam pouring template is installed in advance, the lattice beam pouring template comprises a lattice beam main structure template and a drainage channel template, slurry leakage treatment is carried out on the intersection position of the lattice beam pouring template and the slope protection net, the slurry leakage treatment comprises installation of a sealing strip or filling of a foaming agent, for example, a foam sealing strip is added in a plugging mode or a polyurethane foam gap filler is added in the filling process, and therefore the slurry leakage problem of the lattice beam in the pouring process is avoided or reduced. The lattice beam has the main function of integrally connecting the side slope structures to fulfill the aim of reinforcing the side slope, so that the pouring construction requirement of the lattice beam is not high, and the reinforcing function of the lattice beam is not influenced by slight slurry leakage.
The foregoing is merely a detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various alterations, modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure is characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
A. arranging anchor rods on the side slope (1) in rows and columns;
B. a supporting cushion block (3) is arranged at the part of the anchor rod anchored into the side slope;
C. laying a slope protection net (4), and fixedly connecting the slope protection net (4) to the anchor rod by adopting a slope protection net connecting piece;
D. organic materials (5) are sprayed and sowed on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net (4).
2. The method for constructing a square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the supporting cushion blocks (3) are arranged at intervals along the arrangement positions of the anchor rods in rows and columns, and the mode that the slope protection net (4) is connected to the anchor rods comprises the following steps: firstly, the anchor rod position outside the supporting cushion block (3) is connected with the slope protection net (4) at the position provided with the supporting cushion block (3), and secondly, the anchor rod position close to the side slope (1) is connected with the slope protection net (4) at the position not provided with the supporting cushion block (3).
3. The construction method of a grid type organic material slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the grid type organic material slope protection construction method further comprises a step E: laying a grass planting net (8), continuously installing an interlayer cushion block (7) after the slope protection net (4) is laid on the supporting cushion block (3), and flatly laying the grass planting net (8) on the interlayer cushion block (7).
4. The construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the anchor rods of the step A comprise first anchor rods (2) and second anchor rods (6) which are arranged at intervals, the supporting cushion blocks (3) are installed at the positions where the first anchor rods (2) are anchored into the slope (1), and the thickness of the second anchor rods (6) which are anchored into the slope (1) is greater than that of the first anchor rods (2) which are anchored into the slope (1).
5. The construction method of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection further comprises a construction of a grid beam (9), and before the step B, a step A1 is further performed: and C1, pouring the concrete of the bottom layer of the lattice beam (9) along the arrangement direction of the anchor rods, wherein the concrete of the bottom layer of the lattice beam (9) is embedded in the side slope (1), and the concrete of the lattice beam (1) is continuously poured to a preset thickness after the step C.
6. The method for constructing a square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to claim 5, wherein during the construction of the lattice beam (9), a drainage channel (10) is made, which comprises a drainage channel (101) arranged along the transverse lattice beam (91) and a confluence channel (102) arranged along the longitudinal lattice beam (92), and a three-dimensional composite drainage net (11) is laid on the opening of the drainage channel (10) before the organic material (5) is sprayed.
7. The method for constructing a square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to claim 5, wherein after the lattice beam (9) is constructed, the grass planting net (8) is continuously laid on the lattice beam (9), and a layer of organic material (5) is sprayed on the grass planting net (8).
8. The method for constructing a square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a construction step A0: the position of the platform (15) is determined according to the preset slope rate, the side slope (1) is integrally divided into multiple levels of side slopes through the platform (15), and grid net type organic material slope protection structures are respectively constructed on the multiple levels of side slopes.
9. The method for constructing a square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein after the square grid type organic material slope protection structure is constructed, a drainage ditch (13) is arranged on a platform (15) below the grade of slope, and the confluence groove is communicated with the drainage ditch.
10. The construction method of a square grid type organic matter slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said step A0 further comprises constructing a catch basin (14) above the side slope (1) in advance.
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