CN114164844B - Construction method of square grid type organic material slope protection structure - Google Patents
Construction method of square grid type organic material slope protection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114164844B CN114164844B CN202111329262.9A CN202111329262A CN114164844B CN 114164844 B CN114164844 B CN 114164844B CN 202111329262 A CN202111329262 A CN 202111329262A CN 114164844 B CN114164844 B CN 114164844B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection construction, and in particular discloses a construction method of a square grid type organic slope protection structure, which comprises the following construction steps: A. anchor rods are arranged on the side slope in rows and columns; B. installing supporting cushion blocks at the positions of the anchor rods, which are anchored into the slope, wherein the supporting cushion blocks are installed at the arrangement positions of one anchor rod at each interval; C. paving a slope protection net, and fixedly connecting the slope protection net to the anchor rod by adopting a slope protection net connecting piece; D. the organic materials are sprayed on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net, the slope protection net is paved, the place where the supporting cushion block is installed supports the slope protection net, after the slope protection net is paved, the slope protection net is higher than the place where the supporting cushion block is not installed, the slope protection net paving state of 'one high and one low' along the anchor rod paving direction is formed, the thickness of the organic materials at the bottom of the slope protection net is different, the organic materials of non-parallel layers are formed, and the organic materials at the bottom of the slope protection net are firmly ensured by fixedly jointing the slope protection net and the organic materials in a staggered manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection construction, in particular to a construction method of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure.
Background
The existing slope protection mainly adopts engineering measures protection, including slope protection and supporting structure protection. The common protection measures (methods) for the slope surface comprise plastering, grouting, concrete spraying, slurry stone retaining wall, anchor spraying slope protection, anchor spraying net slope protection and the like by adopting mortar or combined soil and the like, and are mainly used for preventing phenomena of weathering and peeling, broken falling, small amount of falling stones, falling blocks and the like of the slope surface of the excavated slope; the retaining structure has more protection types, and comprises protection measures such as retaining walls, anchor rod retaining walls, anti-slide piles and the like, and the retaining structure has the protection effect and the slope reinforcement effect. However, no matter which kind of engineering measures are adopted for protection, the defects of ecological nature damage, poor landscape effect and the like exist, and along with the time, the concrete surface and the grout stone surface can be weathered and aged, even cause damage, and the later-period renovation cost is higher.
Aiming at the defects of engineering measure protection, plant community protection is increasingly applied, but the effects of plant community slope fixing and soil maintaining are limited in space and time, on one hand, the plant community cannot relate to collapse of deep soil or sliding of extremely thick soil layers, and on the other hand, the plant community root system is difficult to reach into deep soil bodies in a short time because of long time required for plant community growth.
Under the working condition of a high and steep slope, the problems that a substrate for supporting plant growth is difficult to attach to the slope and plants cannot grow exist, in the existing slope protection technology, anchor rods are fixed in the range of the slope, frame beams are poured, and flexible nets mainly made of steel wire rope nets are covered and wrapped on the surface of the whole range of the slope, so that the reinforcement effect is achieved, the weathering stripping or damage of a slope rock soil body and dangerous rock collapse are limited, and meanwhile, falling rock containment is controlled in a certain range. However, this common slope protection structure mainly has two problems: on one hand, the poured frame beam forms a visible slope masonry, and the greening and landscape effects of the slope are affected; on the other hand, the lattice beam is used for dividing the surface soil body of the side slope into a plurality of independent unit soil blocks, and after vegetation protection is adopted, each unit soil block is mutually isolated, so that an integral protective layer structure is difficult to form, and the integral protective effect is poor.
Therefore, what slope protection method is adopted to ensure the stability of the high-steep slope in the short-term and long-term time ranges becomes a technical problem for the important research of high-steep slope protection engineering technicians. The high-steep slope protection is an important topic for realizing harmony and coexistence of human activities and natural environments, and solves the contradiction between slope engineering protection and ecological environment destruction.
Disclosure of Invention
At least one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a construction method of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure, which aims at solving the problem that a matrix for supporting plant growth is difficult to attach to a slope surface and further leads to plant growth incapability in the high slope protection process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a technical scheme including the following aspects.
The construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure comprises the following construction steps:
A. anchor rods are arranged on the side slope in rows and columns;
B. installing a supporting cushion block at the position of the anchor rod anchored into the slope;
C. paving a slope protection net, and fixedly connecting the slope protection net to the anchor rod by adopting a slope protection net connecting piece;
D. organic materials are sprayed on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net.
The anchor rods are arranged on the side slope, the anchor rods penetrate into the stratum and are anchored on the side slope, and the slope protection net is connected to the anchor rods, so that the slope protection net and the anchor rods are connected into an integral structure and are in reinforcing connection with the stratum of the side slope, and falling and shifting of the slope protection net are avoided;
installing a supporting cushion block at the position of the anchor rod anchored into the side slope, paving a slope protection net on the supporting cushion block, forming a space gap between the slope protection net and the side slope for spraying and seeding organic materials, further spraying and seeding a layer of organic materials on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net, forming the organic materials by adopting mixed materials such as peat, humus soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutritional fertilizer and the like, and spraying and seeding plant seeds on the organic materials to finish grass planting, wherein the grass planting comprises plant seeds such as grass, flowers, shrubs and the like;
by adopting the square grid type organic material slope protection construction method, plant seeds are sprayed on the surface of the organic material at the upper side of the slope protection net to plant grass, after plants germinate and root on the surface of the organic material, plant roots can pass through the slope protection net from the organic material at the upper side of the slope protection net in a short time and are tightly wound together with the slope protection net, and then the organic material matrix is covered and fixed on a slope through the connection of the slope protection net and a first anchor rod, and the plants, the organic material, the slope protection net and the anchor rod can be combined with the slope to form an integral structure in a short time, so that the effects of effectively preventing soil loss and protecting the integrity of the slope are achieved.
Preferably, in the step B, the supporting cushion blocks are arranged at intervals along the anchor rod laying parts in rows and columns, and the mode of connecting the slope protection net to the anchor rods comprises: firstly, installing the supporting cushion block part, the slope protection net is connected at the anchor rod part outside the supporting cushion block, secondly, not installing the supporting cushion block part, the slope protection net is connected at the anchor rod part close to the side slope.
After the anchor rods are arranged in rows and columns, a supporting cushion block is arranged at each laying position of each anchor rod, after the slope protection net is laid, the slope protection net is supported by the position where the supporting cushion block is arranged, so that the slope protection net is higher than the position where the supporting cushion block is not arranged at the position where the supporting cushion block is arranged after the slope protection net is laid, the slope protection net laying state of 'one high and one low' along the anchor rod laying direction is formed, the thickness of organic materials at the bottom of the slope protection net is different, the organic materials of non-parallel layers and the slope protection net are formed, and the organic materials at the bottom of the slope protection net are firmly fixed by means of the staggered height of the slope protection net and the organic materials;
preferably, the square grid type organic material slope protection construction method further comprises the following step E: and (3) paving a grass planting net, continuously installing an interlayer cushion block after paving a slope protection net on the support cushion block, and paving the grass planting net on the interlayer cushion block smoothly.
The grass planting net is arranged on the outer side of the slope protection net, and is laid flatly, so that organic materials on the upper layer of the slope protection net are further fixed, and the overall stability of the organic material slope protection structure is further improved; after the grass planting net is paved, two integral net-shaped frameworks are formed in the organic materials sprayed above the slope foundation, the slope protection net paved by the concave-convex curved surface and the grass planting net paved by the flat plane are of non-parallel layer structures, the organic materials on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net are high in stability, the organic materials with thin and uniform parallel layers are formed on the grass planting net, plant seeds are convenient to spray, the surfaces of the organic materials are convenient to protect the plant seeds, rapid rooting and sprouting of the plant seeds are achieved, and further plant root systems and grass planting net winding and interweaving are promoted, so that a stable vegetation surface structure is formed.
The square grid type organic material slope protection structure adopting the composite structure can thicken the thickness of the organic material sprayed above the slope foundation, solves the problem of unstable existing slope protection structure, and can greatly improve the slope stability by adopting the multi-layer composite type net-shaped framework.
Preferably, the anchor rods in the step A comprise first anchor rods and second anchor rods which are arranged at intervals, the supporting cushion block is arranged at the position of the first anchor rod anchored into the side slope, and the thickness of the second anchor rod anchored into the side slope is larger than that of the first anchor rod anchored into the side slope.
When the slope protection net is paved and connected with the anchor rods, the slope protection net and the anchor rods are connected in a high-low-high-low circulating mode, and the slope protection net is supported by the supporting cushion blocks at the connection parts of the upper parts and the anchor rods, so that the slope protection net is subjected to downward tension at the upper connection points and upward tension at the lower connection points, the first anchor rods are arranged at the parts where the supporting cushion blocks are installed, the second anchor rods are arranged at the parts where the slope protection net is subjected to upward tension, and the safety of the anchor rod arrangement structure is ensured.
Further, the first anchor rod is a short anchor rod, and the second anchor rod is a long anchor rod.
Preferably, the construction method further comprises construction of the lattice beam, and before the step B, the construction method further comprises the step A1: and (3) pouring the lattice Liang Deceng concrete along the anchor rod laying direction, wherein the lattice Liang Deceng concrete is embedded in the side slope, and the method further comprises the step C1 of continuously pouring the lattice beam concrete to a preset thickness after the step C.
Through the setting lattice beam of pouring at stock arrangement position to will go deep into the stock of stratum and form overall structure through lattice beam connection, further guarantee slope stratum safety and stability, pour the lattice Liang Deceng concrete earlier and then install the supporting pad again and lay the slope protection net, can be with the whole installation of slope protection net on the side slope, ensure that the organic material of follow-up spray seeding at the side slope is fixed through overall structure's side slope net, form whole inoxidizing coating structure, ensure whole protection effect, after accomplishing lattice Liang Deceng concrete placement, lay the slope protection net, and connect the slope protection net on the stock, and continue to accomplish lattice beam and pour the construction.
Preferably, in the lattice beam construction process, the method further comprises the step of manufacturing a drainage groove, wherein the drainage groove comprises a water diversion groove arranged along the transverse lattice beam and a water converging groove arranged along the longitudinal lattice beam, and a three-dimensional composite drainage net is laid at a notch of the drainage groove before the organic material is sprayed.
By manufacturing the drainage tank on the lattice beam, the water on the side slope can be split and drained, so that water which cannot permeate into the stratum in time flows into the drainage tank, the flushing of rainwater to the side slope is weakened, the safety of the side slope is protected, a three-dimensional composite drainage net is paved at the notch of the drainage tank before the organic material is sprayed, the drainage tank can be prevented from being blocked when the organic material is sprayed or the soil body of the side slope is covered, and the smooth drainage function of the drainage tank is ensured.
When the drainage channel is manufactured, the lattice beam pouring template is pre-installed, the lattice beam pouring template comprises a lattice beam main body structure template and a drainage channel template, slurry leakage treatment is carried out at the intersection part of the lattice beam pouring template and the slope protection net, and the slurry leakage treatment comprises the steps of installing sealing strips or filling foaming agents, such as filling a foam sealing strip or filling polyurethane foam caulking agents, and the like, so that the slurry leakage problem of the lattice beam in the pouring process is avoided or reduced. The lattice beam has the main function of connecting the side slope structure into a whole to achieve the purpose of reinforcing the side slope, so that the casting construction requirement of the lattice beam is not high, and the reinforcing function of the lattice beam is not affected by slight slurry leakage.
Preferably, after the construction of the lattice beam is completed, the grass planting net is continuously paved on the lattice beam, and a layer of organic material is sprayed above the grass planting net.
After the construction of the lattice beam is completed, the side slope forms a square lattice net structure, grass planting nets are paved on the lattice beam, soil and organic materials in the lattice Liang Fangge can be further kept stable, the organic materials are paved and pressed in the square lattice net structure, and meanwhile, a layer of organic materials is sprayed and sowed above the grass planting nets, so that the surface of the lattice Liang Wu can be covered, and the beautifying effect of the environment is improved.
Further, the thickness of the organic material sprayed above the grass planting net is between 1.5 and 3cm, and the grass planting net is preferably a mechanically woven galvanized iron wire net.
Preferably, before the square grid type organic slope protection structure is constructed, the construction method further comprises a construction step A0: and determining the position of a platform according to a preset slope rate, dividing the whole slope into multiple levels of slopes through the platform, and respectively constructing square grid type organic material slope protection structures on the multiple levels of slopes.
The side slopes are divided into multiple levels by the platform, so that the side slopes at all levels are relatively independent, the structural safety of the whole side slope cannot be influenced due to the stability problem of the side slope at a certain level, but each level of side slope forms a square grid type organic material slope protection integral structure, and the integral stability of each level of side slope is ensured.
Preferably, after the square grid type organic material slope protection structure is constructed, a drainage ditch is arranged on a platform below the slope, and the sink is communicated with the drainage ditch.
Under the condition of long and large slopes, the whole structure of the slope can form excessive rainwater with larger runoff, the drainage ditch is arranged on the platform, and the sink is communicated with the drainage ditch, so that water on the slope is uniformly discharged into a drainage facility through the sink and the drainage ditch, the phenomenon that excessive rainwater is formed to flush the slope at the next level is avoided, and the safety of the whole slope is ensured.
Further, the cross section of the drainage ditch is rectangular or trapezoid.
Preferably, the step A0 further comprises the step of constructing a water intercepting ditch above the side slope in advance.
The distance between the intercepting ditch and the side slope is more than 5m, and the intercepting ditch is constructed above the side slope, so that the surface water flowing to the side slope above the side slope can be intercepted, and the side slope is protected from being scoured by the surface water above the side slope.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the square grid type organic material slope protection construction method, plant seeds are sprayed on the surface of an organic material at the upper side of the slope protection net to plant grass, after plants germinate and root on the surface of the organic material, plant roots can pass through the slope protection net from the organic material at the upper side of the slope protection net in a short time and are tightly wound together with the slope protection net, and then the organic material matrix is covered and fixed on a slope through the connection of the slope protection net and a first anchor rod, and the plants, the organic material, the slope protection net and the anchor rod can be combined with the slope to form an integral structure in a short time, so that the effects of effectively preventing soil loss and protecting the integrity of the slope are achieved;
2. the method comprises the steps that a supporting cushion block is arranged at the arrangement position of each anchor rod at intervals, after a slope protection net is laid, the slope protection net is supported at the position where the supporting cushion block is arranged, after the slope protection net is laid, the slope protection net is higher than the position where the supporting cushion block is not arranged at the position where the supporting cushion block is arranged, so that the slope protection net laying state of 'one high and one low' along the anchor rod arrangement direction is formed, the thickness of organic materials at the bottom of the slope protection net is different, the organic materials of non-parallel layers and the slope protection net are formed, and the organic materials at the bottom of the slope protection net are firmly fixed by means of the slope protection net and the organic materials in a staggered mode;
3. the grass planting net is arranged on the outer side of the slope protection net, and is laid flatly, so that organic materials on the upper layer of the slope protection net are further fixed, and the overall stability of the organic material slope protection structure is further improved; after the grass planting net is paved, two integral net-shaped frameworks are formed in the organic materials sprayed above the slope foundation, the slope protection net paved by the concave-convex curved surface and the grass planting net paved by the flat plane are of non-parallel layer structures, so that the organic materials on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net have higher stability, the parallel layer organic materials with thinner and uniform thickness are formed on the grass planting net, plant seeds are conveniently sprayed, the surfaces of the plant seeds are conveniently protected, the plant seeds are cultivated to rapidly root and germinate, and further, the plant root system and the grass planting net are promoted to be wound and interweaved, so that a stable vegetation surface structure is formed;
4. by manufacturing the drainage tank on the lattice beam, the water on the side slope can be split and drained, so that water which cannot permeate into the stratum in time flows into the drainage tank, the flushing of rainwater to the side slope is weakened, the safety of the side slope is protected, a three-dimensional composite drainage net is paved at the notch of the drainage tank before the organic material is sprayed, the drainage tank can be prevented from being blocked when the organic material is sprayed or the soil body of the side slope is covered, and the smooth drainage function of the drainage tank is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure in example 2.
Fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of a square lattice type organic material slope protection structure provided with lattice beams.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the lattice beams of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure of arranging a drain on a platform.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a structure of a platform on a side slope.
The marks in the figure: 1-side slope, 1A-side slope top, 2-first anchor rod, 3-supporting cushion block, 4-slope protection net, 5-organic material, 6-second anchor rod, 7-interlayer cushion block, 8-grass planting net, 9-lattice beam, 91-transverse lattice beam, 92-longitudinal lattice beam, 10-drainage channel, 101-drainage channel, 102-drainage channel, 11-three-dimensional composite drainage net, 12-platform, 13-drainage channel, 14-intercepting ditch and 15-platform.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, so that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 illustrates a square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The square grid type organic material slope protection structure of this embodiment mainly includes a plurality of first stock 2 that set up on side slope 1, and is many first stock 2 positions are installed and are supported cushion 3, support cushion 3 upper berth is equipped with slope protection net 4, and the equal spraying of both sides in this slope protection net 4 has the organic material 5 that is used for planting grass, just slope protection net 4 is connected with first stock 2, slope protection net 4 adopts materials such as galvanized steel wire net or high-strength polyester fiber net, adopts connecting piece such as anchor nail, rope clip or wire binding rope to connect between slope protection net 4 and the first stock 2, makes slope protection net 4 and first stock 2 form overall structure, support cushion 3 adopts cushion, glass fiber or plastics cushion etc. organic material 5 adopts one or more mixed material in peat, humus soil, grass fiber, the slow-release nutrition fertilizer etc. to constitute for the spraying plant seed, thereby accomplish the plant vegetation.
Example 2
Fig. 2 shows a more preferred exemplary embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, the square grid type organic material slope protection structure of this embodiment further includes a plurality of second anchor rods 6, the first anchor rods 2 are arranged in a quincuncial shape, the second anchor rods 6 are disposed between two adjacent first anchor rods 2, the thickness of the organic material 5 of the lower layer of the slope protection net 4 at the position of the second anchor rods 6 is d1, and the thickness of the organic material 5 of the lower layer of the slope protection net 4 at the position of the first anchor rods 2 is d2, d1 < d2. Because the slope protection net 4 is of a flat structure, the slope protection net 4 forms downward pressure on the lower organic material 5 around the second anchor rod 6 by adopting the arrangement mode, and meanwhile, the organic material 5 on the lower layer of the slope protection net 4 is prevented from forming a parallel layer in the whole range, so that the stability of the slope protection structure is further improved. As an extreme case, the thickness d2 of the lower layer of the revetment mat 4 at the location of the second anchor rod 6 is approximately 0.
As a preferred embodiment, the first anchor rod 2 is designed to be a short anchor rod because the second anchor rod 6 is subjected to larger pulling force, and the second anchor rod 6 adopts a long anchor rod, so that the second anchor rod 6 is anchored to a deeper part of a side slope than the first anchor rod 2, and the second anchor rod is prevented from being pulled loose.
As another preferred embodiment is: the interlayer cushion block 7 is further arranged at the position of the first anchor rod 2, the interlayer cushion block 7 is arranged above the supporting cushion block 3 and is positioned at the outer side of the slope protection net 4, the grass planting net 8 is further paved above the interlayer cushion block 7, the grass planting net 8 is connected with the first anchor rod 2, the interlayer cushion block 7 is also made of concrete cushion blocks, glass fibers or plastic cushion blocks and the like, the grass planting net 8 is made of galvanized steel wire nets or high-strength polyester fiber nets and the like, and from the aspects of cost and practicality, the grass planting net 8 is preferably made of galvanized steel wire nets identical to the slope protection net 4. The grass planting net 8 is fixed with the first anchor rod 2 and/or the second anchor rod 6, and is also connected by adopting connecting pieces such as anchor nails, rope clamps or steel wire binding ropes. The double-deck structure about this structural style forms, and organic material 5 and the organic material 5 of bank protection net 4 lower part between grass planting net 8 and the bank protection net 4 are nonparallel layer organic material moreover, have higher stability, and double-deck structure's netted skeleton texture can promote plant root system and grass planting net 8 and bank protection net 4 winding, interweaves to a greater extent, forms stable vegetation top layer structure.
The thickness of the three layers of organic materials formed in the double-layer reticular framework structure is sequentially from top to bottom, the thickness of the organic materials 5 above the grass planting net 8 is between 1.5 cm and 3cm, the maximum value of the thickness of the organic materials between the grass planting net 8 and the slope protection net 4 is between 10cm and 20cm, the minimum value is between 5cm and 10cm, the thickness difference between the thickest part and the thinnest part is controlled to be more than 5cm, the maximum value of the thickness of the organic materials below the slope protection net 4 is controlled to be less than 10cm, the minimum value is controlled to be between 0cm and 5cm, and the difference between the thickest part and the thinnest part is also controlled to be more than 5 cm.
Example 3
Fig. 3 and 4 show an exemplary embodiment of a square lattice type organic material slope protection structure with lattice beams, the square lattice type organic material slope protection structure of the present embodiment further includes lattice beams 9 embedded in the side slope 1, the lattice beams 9 are transversely and longitudinally arranged along the arrangement direction of the second anchor rods 6, transverse lattice beams 91 are transversely arranged along the second anchor rods 6, longitudinal lattice beams 92 are longitudinally arranged along the second anchor rods 6, and a layer of organic material 5 is laid above the lattice beams 9, so that the lattice beams 9 are hidden in the side slope, and the shielding slope face of the lattice beams 9 is provided with reduced artificial chiseling marks, so that the side slope is matched with the nature as much as possible, and greening and landscape effects of the side slope are enhanced.
As one of the preferred embodiments, the lattice beam 9 is provided with a drainage tank 10, which comprises a water diversion tank 101 arranged along the transverse lattice beam 91 and a drainage tank 102 arranged along the longitudinal lattice beam 92, the water diversion tank 101 is arranged on the upper side of the transverse lattice beam 91 and is the same as the grid space enclosed by the transverse lattice beam 91 and the longitudinal lattice beam 92, a layer of three-dimensional composite drainage net 11 is paved on the opening side of the water diversion tank 101, the three-dimensional composite drainage net 11 is used for separating the water diversion tank 101 from the organic materials 5 in the grid space, the sprayed organic materials 5 are prevented from entering the water diversion tank 101 to form a blockage, meanwhile, the three-dimensional composite drainage net 11 can also filter rainwater immersed in the organic materials, so that the water diversion tank 101 drains excessive water to the lower side of the inner side slope of the drainage tank 102, the confluence groove 102 is arranged in the longitudinal lattice beam 92 and is communicated with the diversion groove 101 at the junction of the transverse lattice beam 91 and the longitudinal lattice beam 92, so that the diversion groove 101 is used for diverting water, when the square grid type organic material slope protection structure of the embodiment is used for a high slope, the square grid type organic material slope protection structure further comprises a platform 15 for integrally dividing the slope into multiple levels of slopes, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a drainage ditch 13 is arranged on the platform 15, the confluence groove 102 leads to the drainage ditch 13, so that excessive water collected by the diversion groove 101 flows to the drainage ditch through the confluence groove 102, and the water is beaten away through a slope centralized drainage facility, thereby avoiding flushing the slope due to the fact that the collected water is large in the high slope occasion, and guaranteeing the safety of the slope.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the square grid type organic material slope protection structure further comprises a water interception ditch 14 arranged above the slope 1, wherein the water interception ditch is arranged above the slope top 1A of the slope, the slope top 1A is in smooth transition, the water interception ditch 14 is used for collecting surface water at a non-slope part above the slope 1, so that the surface water at the non-slope part is prevented from flowing to the slope, the scouring of the slope is increased, and the drainage safety of the slope is further ensured.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a construction method of a square grid type organic material slope protection structure, which is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6, firstly, a water interception ditch 14 is arranged at the top of a side slope 1, the cross section of the water interception ditch 14 is rectangular or trapezoidal, and meanwhile, according to a predetermined slope rate 1: n (n is 0.5 or 1 or 2, etc.) dividing the slope 1 into multiple levels of slopes, thereby determining the position of the platform 15, wherein the platform 15 is arranged between the levels of slopes, the slope rate of each level of slope can be the same or different, then constructing a square grid type organic material slope protection structure in any structural form as in the embodiment 1-3 on each level of slope, and aiming at the integral slope, the square grid type organic material slope protection structure of each level of slope is relatively independent, but simultaneously each level of slope forms a square grid type organic material slope protection integral structure independently, and the construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure specifically comprises the following construction steps:
step A: arranging anchor rods on a side slope in rows and columns, wherein the anchor rods comprise first anchor rods 2 and second anchor rods 6 which are arranged at intervals, the thickness (depth) of the second anchor rods 6 anchored into the side slope is larger than the thickness (depth) of the first anchor rods 2 anchored into the side slope 1, namely the first anchor rods 2 and the second anchor rods 6 are anchored in a staggered manner and correspondingly arranged in a deep-shallow-deep-shallow manner, the first anchor rods 2 adopt short anchor rods, and the second anchor rods 6 adopt long anchor rods;
and (B) step (B): after the anchor rod layout is completed, pouring the bottom layer concrete of the lattice beam 9 along the anchor rod layout direction, pouring the bottom layer concrete of the lattice beam 9 first, and embedding the bottom layer concrete of the lattice beam 9 in the side slope 1, wherein the lattice beam 9 is arranged, so that the anchor rods penetrating into the stratum can be connected through the lattice beam 9 to form an integral structure, and the safety and stability of the side slope stratum are further ensured; in the slope protection structure without the lattice beams, the construction of the lattice beams is not carried out, the supporting cushion block 3 is installed after the bottom layer concrete of the lattice beams 9 is poured, the supporting cushion block 3 is installed at the position of the first anchor rod 2 anchored into the slope, and the short anchor rods and the long anchor rods are arranged at intervals in a staggered manner, so that the supporting cushion block 3 is also arranged at intervals along the anchor rod arrangement positions in rows and columns;
step C: after the supporting cushion block 3 is installed, the slope protection net 4 is paved, the slope protection net 4 is fixedly connected to the anchor rods by adopting a slope protection net connecting piece, the mode that the slope protection net 4 is connected to the anchor rods comprises two aspects, firstly, a first anchor rod 2 (a short anchor rod) is arranged, the slope protection net is connected to the short anchor rod outside the supporting cushion block and is close to the upper surface of the supporting cushion block, secondly, a second anchor rod 6 (a long anchor rod) is arranged, the slope protection net 4 is connected to the position close to the position where the long anchor rod is anchored into a slope, the slope protection net connecting piece comprises binding steel wires, buckles and the like, the slope protection net 4 is integrally installed on the slope 1, the organic materials which are sprayed on the slope in the subsequent step can be ensured to be fixed through the slope protection net of the integral structure, the integral protection effect is ensured, the supporting cushion block 3 is arranged at the connecting position of the short anchor rod for supporting the slope protection net 4, the space for spraying organic materials is reserved below the slope protection net 4, the slope protection net 4 is higher than the joint of the second anchor rod 6 at the joint of the first anchor rod 2, meanwhile, the slope protection net 4 is subjected to downward tension at the joint of the first anchor rod 2 (short anchor rod), and is subjected to upward tension at the joint of the second anchor rod 6 (long anchor rod), the second anchor rod 6 (long anchor rod) is anchored deeper, the safety of anchor rod arrangement structure can be ensured, after the slope protection net 4 is paved and connected, the lattice beam 9 concrete is continuously poured to a preset thickness, the thickness of the lattice beam 9 is approximately between 150 mm and 500mm, the slope protection net 4 is connected on the anchor rods, thereby the slope protection net 4 and the anchor rods are connected into an integral structure and are connected with slope stratum reinforcement, the slope protection net is prevented from dropping and shifting, because the joint of the first anchor rod 2 is higher than the joint of the second anchor rod 6, thus forming a slope protection net laying state of 'high and low' along the anchor rod laying direction, so that the thickness of the organic material 5 at the bottom of the slope protection net is different, forming an organic material 5 and a slope protection net 4 with non-parallel layers, and ensuring the stability of the organic material 5 at the bottom of the slope protection net 4 by the staggered solidification of the slope protection net 4 and the organic material 5;
step D: spraying organic materials 5 on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net 4;
step E: when the slope protection net 4 and the grass planting net 8 are required to be paved simultaneously, after the slope protection net 4 is paved on the support cushion block 3, the interlayer cushion block 7 is continuously installed, the interlayer cushion block 7 can be installed at a position close to the first anchor rod 2 (short anchor rod) or a position close to the second anchor rod 6 (long anchor rod), and is preferably installed on the support cushion block 3 close to the first anchor rod 2 (short anchor rod), the grass planting net 8 is paved on the interlayer cushion block 7 smoothly, and the grass planting net 8 is paved on the outer side of the slope protection net 4 smoothly, so that the organic material 5 on the upper side layer of the slope protection net 4 is further fixed, and the overall stability of the organic material slope protection structure is further improved; after the grass planting net 8 is paved, two integral net frameworks are formed in the organic material 5 sprayed above the slope foundation, the slope protection net 4 paved by concave-convex curved surfaces and the grass planting net 8 paved by flat planes, the organic material 5 on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net 4 are of non-parallel layer structures, the grass planting net 8 is high in stability, thin and uniform parallel layer organic materials are formed above the grass planting net 8, plant seeds are conveniently sprayed, the surfaces of the grass planting net are convenient to protect the plant seeds, the plant seeds are cultivated to quickly root and germinate, further, the plant roots are promoted to wind and interweave with the grass planting net to form a stable vegetation surface layer structure, the square grid type organic material slope protection structure with the composite structure can thicken the thickness of the organic material sprayed above the slope foundation, the problem that the existing slope protection structure is unstable is solved, and the multilayer composite net frameworks can greatly improve the stability of the slope;
after the grass planting net 8 is paved, a layer of organic material 5 is required to be sprayed above the grass planting net 8 during spraying, the thickness of the sprayed organic material 5 is 1.5-3cm, the grass planting net is preferably the same as that of the slope protection net 4, the mechanically-woven galvanized iron wire net is adopted, after the lattice beams 9 are arranged, the side slope 1 forms a square lattice net structure, the grass planting net 8 is paved on the lattice beams 9, soil and organic materials in the square lattice of the lattice beams 9 can be further kept stable, the grass planting net 8 is used for paving and pressing the organic material 5 in the square lattice net structure, and meanwhile, a layer of organic material 5 is sprayed above the grass planting net 8, so that the dock surface of the lattice beams 9 can be covered, and the beautifying effect of the environment is improved.
The supporting cushion block 3 is arranged at the position where the anchor rod is anchored into the side slope, the slope protection net 4 is paved on the supporting cushion block 3, a space gap for spraying the organic material 5 is formed between the slope protection net 4 and the side slope 1, a layer of the organic material 5 can be sprayed and arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net 4, the organic material 5 is formed by adopting peat, humus soil, grass fiber, slow-release nutritional fertilizer and other mixed materials, plant seeds are sprayed and planted on the organic material 5, thereby the grass planting is completed, the grass planting comprises the grass planting, flowers, shrubs and other plant seeds, the grass planting is completed, the square grid type organic material slope protection construction method of the embodiment is adopted, the plant seeds are planted on the surface of the organic material on the upper side of the slope protection net through spraying and planting the grass seeds on the surface of the organic material, after the plant grows roots on the surface of the organic material, the plant can penetrate through the slope protection net and be tightly wound together with the organic material on the upper side of the slope protection net in a short time, the slope protection net is further covered and fixed on the slope surface of the slope through the first anchor rod, the whole body through the slope protection net and the first anchor rod is connected, the whole soil can be combined with the slope protection net and the slope surface in a short time, the soil can be effectively prevented from losing.
As one of various embodiments, in the construction process of the lattice beam 9, the method further comprises the step of manufacturing a drainage groove 10, wherein the drainage groove 10 comprises a water diversion groove 101 arranged along the transverse lattice beam 91 and a converging groove 102 arranged along the longitudinal lattice beam 92, a three-dimensional composite drainage net 11 is paved at the notch of the drainage groove 10 before spraying the organic material 5, after the construction of the square lattice type organic material slope protection structure is completed, a drainage ditch 13 is arranged on a lower platform 15 of the grade slope, the converging groove 102 is communicated with the drainage ditch 13, the section of the drainage ditch 13 is of a rectangular or trapezoid structure, water flow on the slope 1 is concentrated into the drainage ditch 13 through the converging groove 102 and then is uniformly discharged into a drainage facility, so that excessive rainwater is prevented from flushing the next grade slope, and the safety of the whole slope is ensured.
By manufacturing the drainage tank 10 on the lattice beam 9, the water on the side slope 1 can be split and drained, so that water which cannot permeate into the stratum in time flows into the drainage tank 10, the side slope is weakened and is washed by rainwater, the safety of the side slope 1 is protected, a three-dimensional composite drainage net is paved at the notch of the drainage tank 10 before the organic material 5 is sprayed, the drainage tank 10 can be prevented from being blocked when the sprayed organic material 5 or the soil body of the side slope is covered, the smoothness of the drainage tank 10 is ensured, and the drainage function is smoothly exerted.
Important to explain is: when the drainage tank 10 is manufactured, the lattice beam pouring template is pre-installed, the lattice beam pouring template comprises a lattice beam main body structure template and a drainage tank template, and slurry leakage treatment is carried out at the intersection part of the lattice beam pouring template and the slope protection net, wherein the slurry leakage treatment comprises the steps of installing sealing strips or filling foaming agents, such as filling foam sealing strips or filling polyurethane foam caulking agents, and the like, so that the slurry leakage problem of the lattice beam in the pouring process is avoided or reduced. The lattice beam has the main function of connecting the side slope structure into a whole to achieve the purpose of reinforcing the side slope, so that the casting construction requirement of the lattice beam is not high, and the reinforcing function of the lattice beam is not affected by slight slurry leakage.
The foregoing is a detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Various alternatives, modifications and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure is characterized by comprising the following construction steps of:
A. anchor rods are arranged on the side slope (1) in rows and columns;
B. installing a supporting cushion block (3) at the position of the anchor rod anchored into the slope;
C. paving a slope protection net (4), and fixedly connecting the slope protection net (4) on the anchor rod by adopting a slope protection net connecting piece;
D. spraying organic materials (5) on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net (4);
in the step B, the supporting cushion blocks (3) are arranged at intervals along the anchor rod laying parts in rows and columns, and the mode of connecting the slope protection net (4) on the anchor rods comprises the following steps: firstly, a support cushion block (3) is arranged, a slope protection net (4) is connected to an anchor rod part at the outer side of the support cushion block (3), secondly, the support cushion block (3) is not arranged, and the slope protection net (4) is connected to the anchor rod part close to the side slope (1);
the anchor rod in the step A comprises a first anchor rod (2) and a second anchor rod (6) which are arranged at intervals, the supporting cushion block (3) is arranged at the position of the first anchor rod (2) anchored into the side slope (1), and the thickness of the second anchor rod (6) anchored into the side slope (1) is larger than that of the first anchor rod (2) anchored into the side slope (1);
the construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure further comprises the following step E: paving a grass planting net (8), continuously installing an interlayer cushion block (7) after paving a slope protection net (4) on the support cushion block (3), and paving the grass planting net (8) on the interlayer cushion block (7) smoothly; the interlayer cushion block (7) is arranged at the first anchor rod (2), and the interlayer cushion block (7) is arranged above the support cushion block (3) and is positioned at the outer side of the slope protection net (4); after the grass planting net (8) is paved, a layer of organic material (5) is sprayed and sown above the grass planting net (8);
or alternatively, the process may be performed,
A. anchor rods are arranged on the side slope (1) in rows and columns;
a1, pouring bottom layer concrete of the lattice beam (9) along the anchor rod arrangement direction, wherein the bottom layer concrete of the lattice beam (9) is embedded in the side slope (1);
B. installing a supporting cushion block (3) at the position of the anchor rod anchored into the slope;
C. paving a slope protection net (4), and fixedly connecting the slope protection net (4) on the anchor rod by adopting a slope protection net connecting piece;
c1, continuously pouring concrete of the lattice beam (1) to a preset thickness;
D. spraying organic materials (5) on the upper side and the lower side of the slope protection net (4);
in the step B, the supporting cushion blocks (3) are arranged at intervals along the anchor rod laying parts in rows and columns, and the mode of connecting the slope protection net (4) on the anchor rods comprises the following steps: firstly, a support cushion block (3) is arranged, a slope protection net (4) is connected to an anchor rod part at the outer side of the support cushion block (3), secondly, the support cushion block (3) is not arranged, and the slope protection net (4) is connected to the anchor rod part close to the side slope (1);
the anchor rod in the step A comprises a first anchor rod (2) and a second anchor rod (6) which are arranged at intervals, the supporting cushion block (3) is arranged at the position of the first anchor rod (2) anchored into the side slope (1), and the thickness of the second anchor rod (6) anchored into the side slope (1) is larger than that of the first anchor rod (2) anchored into the side slope (1);
in the construction process of the lattice beam (9), the method further comprises the step of manufacturing a drainage groove (10), wherein the drainage groove comprises a water diversion groove (101) arranged along the transverse lattice beam (91) and a converging groove (102) arranged along the longitudinal lattice beam (92), and a three-dimensional composite drainage net (11) is paved at the notch of the drainage groove (10) before the organic material (5) is sprayed;
after the construction of the lattice beam (9) is completed, the grass planting net (8) is continuously paved on the lattice beam (9), and a layer of organic material (5) is sprayed and sowed above the grass planting net (8).
2. The construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to claim 1, further comprising the construction step A0: and determining the position of a platform (15) according to a preset slope rate, dividing the whole side slope (1) into multiple levels of side slopes through the platform (15), and respectively constructing square grid type organic material slope protection structures on the multiple levels of side slopes.
3. The construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to claim 2, wherein after the construction of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure is completed, a drainage ditch (13) is arranged on a lower platform (15) of the grade slope, and the sink is communicated with the drainage ditch.
4. The construction method of the square grid type organic material slope protection structure according to claim 2, wherein the step A0 further comprises constructing a water intercepting ditch (14) above the side slope (1) in advance.
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