CN114163661A - 一种制备两性离子水凝胶电解质的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种CMC‑P(MAEDS‑co‑AA)聚合物两性离子水凝胶合成方法。其制备过程包括以下步骤：以羧甲基纤维素，丙烯酸，[2‑(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基‑(3‑磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵为原料，经过溶解，热聚合，合成了水凝胶电解质。在三氟甲烷磺酸锌溶液中浸泡一小时后，该水凝胶电解质具有25.3 mS cm−1的优异离子电导率。将获得的水凝胶电解质组装成准固态锌离子混合电容器进行电化学性能测试，测试时电流密度为0.25~20 A g‑1，电压范围为0.2~1.8 V。该制备方法简便，合成材料的微观形貌为多孔结构，组装得到的准固态锌离子混合电容器表现出优异的比容量和倍率性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电化学储能材料领域，具体涉及一种采用自由基聚合法合成水凝胶电解质的方法及其在锌离子混合电容器中的应用。
背景技术
高效储能设备的开发极大地满足了我们日常生活中日益增长的能源需求，其中超级电容器已成为高性能的储能设备，具有长运行寿命和高功率密度的优势。锌离子混合超级电容器（ZHSCs）由电容性碳阴极、电池型锌阳极和特定的锌离子电解质组成，由于其填补了超级电容器和二次电池之间的空白，因此被认为是一种有前途的能源储存器件的候选者。近年来，凝胶电解质由于能够在准固态超级电容器中发挥电解质、分离器和粘合剂的作用。因此，引起了越来越多的关注。随着凝胶电解质的发展，加速了固态超级电容器从传统的三明治型超级电容器发展为灵活、透明和平面的超级电容器，推进了便携式电子器件的发展。
凝胶电解质由于其在制造柔性固态储能器件的前景，引起了越来越多研究者的关注。然而，凝胶电解质的开发仍处于初始阶段，可用的策略有限。理想的凝胶电解质通常需要高离子迁移率、合理的机械强度和固态器件中优异的保水能力的优点，以确保良好的工作耐久性。传统的水凝胶电解质主要基于聚（丙烯酰胺）、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸钠和明胶等。虽然这些水凝胶电解质提供了物理框架来支持离子传输，但它们不会大幅度改善电化学性能。因此，需要通过化学设计制造具有高电化学性能的新型水凝胶材料。
聚两性离子是一种在重复单元中具有独特双基群的带电聚合物，通常表现出较高的保水能力和溶解性。聚两性离子作为潜在的生物相容性材料引起了相当大的兴趣。由于带电基团与水分子之间的强相互作用，聚两性离子可以被高度水合，这使它们适合作为一种超吸水性聚合物材料。此外，在外部电场下它们的两性离子性质使阳离子和阴离子在离子迁移过程中容易分离，两性带电基与电解质离子之间的强静电相互作用促进了离子的输运。此外，聚两性离子可以通过两性基团间的偶极相互作用形成物理凝胶，且聚两性离子基相关的极性基和带电基可以增强电极和凝胶电解质之间的界面粘附，从而使多两性凝胶具有一定的机械强度。作为高效准固态超级电容器的凝胶电解质有极大的潜力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种合成 CMC-P(MAEDS-co-AA) 聚合物水凝胶方法及其在锌离子混合电容器中的应用。
本发明所制备的一种 CMC-P(MAEDS-co-AA) 聚合物水凝胶合成包括以下步骤：以羧甲基纤维素，丙烯酸，[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵（MAEDS）为原料，热引发自由基聚合，合成水凝胶电解质。在三氟甲烷磺酸锌溶液中浸泡一小时。其中，所述混合液中，丙烯酸和[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵的比值依次为3 mL : 1 g ~ 1 mL : 3 g。所述混合液中，丙烯酸和[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵的比例优选为2mL : 1g ~ 1mL : 2g，。所述聚合处理的条件优选为：25℃ ~ 60 ℃，聚合处理时间优选为0.5 h ~ 2 h。
本发明对制备的 CMC-P(MAEDS-co-AA) 聚合物水凝胶材料进行了电化学测试，并对其组装的准固态ZHCS的充放电和循环性能进行了评价。
本发明是以羧甲基纤维素作为主链，丙烯酸和[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵作为形成聚合物的单体，这三种物质在热引发聚合，交联后形成具有高离子电导率的水凝胶电解质。然而，当溶液中不含[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵时，电导率有所下降，力学性能有所改变，说明该方法可通过调控丙烯酸和[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵的比例来调控水凝胶电解质的电导率和力学性能。本发明所提供的方法具有操作简便，所用原料安全，且环境友善。所得材料具有离子电导率高，循环压缩性能好等优点。基于以上优点，使得这种两性聚合物成为一种良好的ZHSC凝胶电解质材料，对便携式锌离子混合电容器的发展有着重要作用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的样品的SEM(扫描电子显微镜)表征。
图2为实施例1制备的样品电化学阻抗曲线。
图3为实施例1制备的样品计算得出电导率值。
图4为实施例1制备的样品力学拉伸曲线。
图5为实施例1制备的样品力学循环压缩曲线。
图6为实施例1制备的样品所组成的准固态ZHSC电化学倍率性能曲线。
图7为实施例1制备的样品所组成的准固态ZHSC电化学循环性能曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例一
室温下，称取0.1 g羧甲基纤维素分散在60 ℃的8 mL去离子水中搅拌均匀，加入2mL丙烯酸、1 g [2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵，搅拌均匀后加入0.016 g N,N-二甲基双丙烯酰胺和0.04 g过硫酸铵，待其形成均匀溶液后，在60 ℃恒温条件下进行热引发聚合反应，将合成的水凝胶浸泡在三氟甲烷磺酸锌溶液中1h后，得到 CMC-P(MAEDS-co-AA) 聚合物水凝胶电解质。
Claims (8)
1.一种 CMC-P(MAEDS-co-AA) 两性离子水凝胶材料的方法，具体步骤如下：以羧甲基纤维素，丙烯酸，[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵（MAEDS）为原料，经过溶解，热引发聚合后，合成两性离子水凝胶。
2.在三氟甲烷磺酸锌溶液中浸泡一小时后得到 CMC-P(MAEDS-co-AA) 两性离子水凝胶电解质。
3.其中，所述混合液中，丙烯酸和[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵的比值依次为3 mL : 1 g ~ 1 mL : 3 g。
4.按权利要求书1所述的方法，其特征在于：丙烯酸和[2-(甲基丙烯酰基氧基)乙基]二甲基-(3-磺酸丙基)氢氧化铵的质量比优选为2mL : 1g ~ 1mL : 2g。
5.按权利要求书1 ~ 2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述聚合条件为热聚合，聚合处理的条件优选为：25℃ ~ 60 ℃。
6.按权利要求书1 ~ 3所述的方法，其特征在于：聚合处理时间优选为0.5 h ~ 2 h。
7.权利要求1 ~ 4中任一所述方法制备得到 CMC-P(MAEDS-co-AA) 两性离子水凝胶电解质材料。
8.权利要求，将合成的 CMC-P(MAEDS-co-AA) 两性离子水凝胶材料应用于锌离子混杂电容器等储能方面。
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| CN114724863B (zh) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-07-25 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种PolyAS电解质基超级电容器及其制备方法 |
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