CN114163370A - 一种维生素d2的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种维生素d2的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C401/00—Irradiation products of cholesterol or its derivatives; Vitamin D derivatives, 9,10-seco cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene or analogues obtained by chemical preparation without irradiation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及光化学合成维生素D2的制备方法领域。它是将麦角甾醇与乙醇配制成光反应溶液,用低压汞灯发出的紫外线进行光照得维生素D2转化油,再经层析、酯化、水解等工艺后干燥得维生素D2成品。本发明利用最常用的麦角甾醇、乙醇等原辅料和常用化工设备,实现了维生素D2的工业化生产,生产过程非常简便,生产成本低,为大批量生产维生素D2改变维生素D2需要依赖大量进口的状况提供了技术保障。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及维生素D2生产技术领域,更具体地说是一种维生素D2的制备方法。
背景技术
维生素D2是人和动物维持正常生命活动与健康所必须的微量有机化合物之一,药品、食品和饲料中都可以适量添加维生素D2来满足人或动物有规律地从外界摄取。维生素D2是在植物中发现的维生素D2的主要天然形式。(参见中国专利95118188.2)。而维生素根据其溶解度分为两类即脂溶性维生素(A、D、 E、K)等,或水溶性维生素(B1、B2、B6),叶酸、烟酸及维生素C)等。[见《药物化学》第15章,一、维生素的分类(中央电大农医部王淑霞)]。由于维生素D2不溶于水而溶于脂肪及脂溶剂,因此在食物中常与脂质共存,在肠道吸收时也与脂质的吸收密切相关,当人或动物对脂质的吸收不良时,脂溶性维生素 D2的吸收会减少,从而引起相应的缺乏症。在医学上维生素D2的主要适应症包含三个方面:一、用于维生素D缺乏症的预防与治疗。如:绝对素食者、肠外营养病人、胰腺功能不全伴吸收不良综合症、肝胆疾病(肝功能损害、肝硬化、阻塞性黄疸)、小肠疾病(脂性腹泻、局限性肠道炎、长期腹泻),胃切除等。二、用于慢性低钙血症、低磷血症、佝偻病及伴有慢性肾功能不全的骨软化症、家族性低磷血症及甲状旁腺功能低下(术后,特发性或假性甲状旁腺功能低下)的治疗。三、用于治疗急、慢性及潜在手术后手足抽搐症及特发性手足抽搐症,而动物维生素D2的缺乏症的特征表现为:维生素D2不足时,即使钙、磷充足,动物也不能很好的利用,钙,磷、镁在骨骼中的沉积会下降;幼龄动物的成骨作用发生障碍,出现佝偻病和软骨症,牙齿发育不良,生长受阻;成年动物发生骨质疏松症,易骨折,关节变形;母畜孕期维生素D2过度缺乏会造成新生幼仔先天畸形,母畜本身也会受到损害;家禽缺乏维生素D2可降低产蛋量和孵化率,蛋壳薄而易脆裂。因此在现代机械化人工大量饲养动物的条件下更需补充维生素D2。维生素D2的两种主要形式是维生素D2和维生素D3,一般认为它们显示出相似的生物活性,有一样的代谢作用(即活化和分解代谢),但是有资料认为:“维生素D3的毒性10~20倍于维生素D2,这是因为维生素D3很容易被代谢为25-羟-D的原因,Trunnel等(1990)给150头7~10日龄的奶牛犊和杂种牛喂维生素D、A和E复合物,每天维生素D100万单位、维生素 E88万单位。结果所有的牛均表现出精神不振、厌食、脱毛,步行困难等症状,其中6头在饲喂13~27日后死亡。对其中3头进行解剖发现,在肺动脉的内表面有红褐色沉淀物,肝脏轻微变色。对8头牛中的6头牛进行血液化学检查,发现血浆中25-羟-D3和钙“的浓度均有明显升高。“(参见《脂溶性维生素添加剂的安全性》作者黄涛、陈喜斌、盛金明等人,中国养殖网)。根据中华人民共和国国家标准GB14880-94《食品营养强化剂使用卫生标准》对维生素D(D2或D3)的使用范围和每公斤使用量限定为:乳及乳饮料10~40ug,人造奶油125~156ug,乳制品63~125ug,婴幼儿食品50~100ug(1ug维生素D=40单位维生素D)。而对于维生素D做为安全饲养添加量的国家标准为维生素D(IU/kg),猪114-240,鸡200-500,鸭400-900。维生素D2在目前全世界的年消耗量约为1800吨,其中70%左右用于饲料添加剂。我国年需求量约为 100多吨。现在全球维生素D2市场被巴斯夫公司、罗氏公司、日清化学公司所把持,主要供应欧洲和日本市场,这些维生素制造巨头在全球的维生素销售中,40%以上是通过多维和预混料销售给终端用户的。我国维生素D2的年产销量大约1吨,只有少数几家厂家在生产,其余因技术原因停止生产。我国企业采用的维生素D2生产工艺差,收率只有20%左右,仅为发达国家收率水平的2/3,从而影响成本和产量。
2018年公开的专利ZL201811038670.7这是公开了一种可用于合成维生素 D2及D3管式反应器,该反应器以汞灯为反应的光源,照射在细长的环绕的玻璃细管上,溶解于有机溶剂的合成维生素D2或D3的原料则通过进料泵与惰性载料液体如硅油、正庚烷等混合后进入管状反应器进行反应。该发明虽然使得麦角固醇的转化率及维生素D2的产率得到了进一步的提高,但其反应的进料量目前还只是毫克级的,远远没有能够实现工业化生产的要求,而且反应完成后,反应产物及未转化的麦角固醇是跟惰性载液及有机溶剂是混合在一起的,后面的分离纯化还会存在一定的困难。
发明内容
针对现有技术中上述的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种维生素D2的制备方法,利用光电技术产生的单色性好的汞灯作为光化学反应器的光源,促使原料麦角固醇发生光化学开环反应和光化学异构反应获得维生素D2,是一种原料转化率及总产率更高、副产物更少、生产更高效的新工艺。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的解决方案是:一种维生素D2的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、取麦角甾醇、甲醇和正己烷置于溶解锅中,搅拌升温至30~35℃,得光反应溶液,保温1~2小时,其中麦角甾醇、甲醇和正己烷体积比例1:(2~ 5):(7~10)kg/L;
b、将步骤a得到的光反应溶液经流量计进入照射器,用低压220V汞灯的波长为365纳米紫外线进行光照,220V汞灯的紫外线进行光照,再经浓缩锅减压浓缩去除甲醇、正己烷和结晶过滤掉未转化的麦角甾醇,所得滤液抽入克氏蒸馏瓶内通入氮气,流量2~5L/min,继续浓缩,得橙黄色树脂状维生素D转化油;
c、将维生素D转化油加乙酸乙酯溶解,其体积比为1:(2~5),再流过装有氧化铝的层析管,经浓缩锅减压浓缩去除苯,再抽入克氏蒸馏瓶内通入氮气,再继续浓缩,得橙黄色树脂状维生素D2粗品层析油;
d、将维生素D2层析油加苯溶解,体积比为1:(2~5),放入酯化锅中加吡啶和3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯,吡啶与层析油的体积比为1:1.5~1:4、3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯与层析油的体积比为1:0.6~1:1.5,搅拌均匀,静置16~24小时进行酯化然后用碱液、酸液、纯化水分别洗涤;
将维生素D2酯化油用丙酮溶解加活性碳脱色、过滤,干燥得维生素D2精酯;
e、将维生素D2精酯加甲醇溶液、活性碳及氢氧化钾放入水解锅内搅拌水解后,将滤液静置结晶再用纯化水洗涤至洗水显中性,再干燥得维生素D2成品。
所述步骤d中的洗涤顺序为先洗碱液三次,再洗酸液二次,再洗碱液一次,再洗纯化水二次。
所述步骤a、b、c、d和e中,反应温度为-20~30℃。
所述步骤a、b、c、d和e中,整个反应过程中,控制反应温度的范围可上下浮动5℃。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明利用光电技术产生的单色性好的汞灯光作为光化学反应器的光源,促使原料麦角固醇发生光化学开环反应和光化学异构反应获得维生素D2,是一种原料转化率及总产率更高、副产物更少、生产更高效的新工艺。并且利用最常用的麦角甾醇、乙醇等原辅料和常用的化工设备,实现了维生素D2的工业化生产,生产过程非常简便,生产成本低,为大批量生产维生素D2,改变维生素D2需要大量进口的状况提供了技术保障。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下面结合具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
本发明提供以下一种实施方式:一种维生素D2的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、取麦角甾醇、甲醇和正己烷置于溶解锅中,搅拌升温至34℃,得光反应溶液,保温2小时,其中麦角甾醇、甲醇和正己烷体积比例1:3:9kg/L;
b、将步骤a得到的光反应溶液经流量计进入照射器,用低压220V汞灯的波长为365纳米紫外线进行光照,220V汞灯的紫外线进行光照,再经浓缩锅减压浓缩去除甲醇、正己烷和结晶过滤掉未转化的麦角甾醇,所得滤液抽入克氏蒸馏瓶内通入氮气,流量4L/min,继续浓缩,得橙黄色树脂状维生素D转化油;采用波长为365纳米紫外线进行光照的好处穿透能力越强、光基本不含紫色,容易识别、使用范围更广。
c、将维生素D转化油加乙酸乙酯溶解,其体积比为1:4,再流过装有氧化铝的层析管,经浓缩锅减压浓缩去除苯,再抽入克氏蒸馏瓶内通入氮气,再继续浓缩,得橙黄色树脂状维生素D2层析油;
d、将维生素D2粗品层析油加苯溶解,体积比为1:4,放入酯化锅中加吡啶和3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯,吡啶与层析油的体积比为1:3、3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯与层析油的体积比为1:0.8:1.5,搅拌均匀,静置20小时进行酯化然后用碱液、酸液、纯化水分别洗涤;
将维生素D2酯化油用丙酮溶解加活性碳脱色、过滤,干燥得维生素D2精酯;
e、将维生素D2精酯加甲醇溶液、活性碳及氢氧化钾放入水解锅内搅拌水解后,将滤液静置结晶再用纯化水洗涤至洗水显中性,再干燥得维生素D2成品。
所述步骤d中的洗涤顺序为先洗碱液三次,再洗酸液二次,再洗碱液一次,再洗纯化水二次。更好保证成品的百分含量,保证后期产品的质量。
所述步骤a、b、c、d和e中,反应温度为10℃。
所述步骤a、b、c、d和e中,整个反应过程中,控制反应温度的范围可上下浮动5℃。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种维生素D2的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
a、取麦角甾醇、甲醇和正己烷置于溶解锅中,搅拌升温至30~35℃,得光反应溶液,保温1~2小时,其中麦角甾醇、甲醇和正己烷体积比例1:(2~5):(7~10)kg/L;
b、将步骤a得到的光反应溶液经流量计进入照射器,用低压220V汞灯的波长为365纳米紫外线进行光照,220V汞灯的紫外线进行光照,再经浓缩锅减压浓缩去除甲醇、正己烷和结晶过滤掉未转化的麦角甾醇,所得滤液抽入克氏蒸馏瓶内通入氮气,流量2~5L/min,继续浓缩,得橙黄色树脂状维生素D转化油;
c、将维生素D2转化油加乙酸乙酯溶解,其体积比为1:(2~5),再流过装有氧化铝的层析管,经浓缩锅减压浓缩去除苯,再抽入克氏蒸馏瓶内通入氮气,再继续浓缩,得橙黄色树脂状维生素D2层析油;
d、将维生素D2层析油加苯溶解,体积比为1:(2~5),放入酯化锅中加吡啶和3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯,吡啶与层析油的体积比为1:1.5~1:4、3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯与层析油的体积比为1:0.6~1:1.5,搅拌均匀,静置16~24小时进行酯化然后用碱液、酸液、纯化水分别洗涤;
将维生素D2酯化油用丙酮溶解加活性碳脱色、过滤,干燥得维生素D2精酯;
e、将维生素D2精酯加甲醇溶液、活性碳及氢氧化钾放入水解锅内搅拌水解后,将滤液静置结晶再用纯化水洗涤至洗水显中性,再干燥得维生素D2成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的维生素D2的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤d中的洗涤顺序为先洗碱液三次,再洗酸液二次,再洗碱液一次,再洗纯化水二次。
3.根据权利要求1所述的维生素D2的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤a、b、c、d和e中,反应温度为-20~30℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的维生素D2的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤a、b、c、d和e中,整个反应过程中,控制反应温度的范围可上下浮动5℃。
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