CN114158442A - Method for improving rice quality by using compound microbial agent - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving rice quality by using a compound microbial agent, belonging to the technical field of crop management. The rice quality improving method comprises the steps of applying bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and azotobacter in a field retting stage, applying streptomycete, glutamic acid zymophyte, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis in a tillering stage, applying bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria in a booting stage, and applying beauveria bassiana, saccharomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria in a heading stage and a maturation stage. According to the method, the specific microbial inoculum is matched with the rice in different growth periods, the problems that the cost for improving the quality of the rice is high and the compound microbial inoculum cannot be well utilized in the prior art are solved, the quality indexes such as the plant height and the root length of rice plants, the soluble sugar of rice grains, the soluble protein of the rice grains, the rice panicle length, the thousand kernel weight, the number of the seeds per panicle, the maturing rate of the rice, the effective number of the panicles of the rice and the like can be obviously improved, the method is simple and easy, the cost is lower, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop management, in particular to a method for improving rice quality by using a compound microbial agent.
Background
Rice is an annual aquatic herbaceous crop in the family of Gramineae, is also an important grain widely planted in tropical zones of Asia, is a main rice production area in southern China, and is planted in all the northern provinces. As one of the important food crops for human, the history of rice cultivation and eating is quite long. Rice is consumed by half of the world's population, mainly in asia, southern europe and tropical america and parts of africa. The total yield of rice accounts for the third crop of world food, is lower than that of corn and wheat, and can maintain the life of a large population. Therefore, how to improve the quality and yield of rice planted by farmers is a key problem of rice planting technology.
At present, researches on rice planting management direction mainly focus on improving yield, most methods for improving rice quality are new varieties, but the price of rice seeds with excellent quality is higher, and the rice seeds are not the best choice for common farmers.
The planting type compound microbial agent is a green pollution-free sustainable biotechnology. The compound microbial inoculum is added, so that the harm to the soil is avoided, and the secondary pollution is avoided. The compound microbial agent can enhance the soil fertility, change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduce the soil hardening condition and achieve the sustainable development goal that the land use and the soil culture supplement each other. The loss of soil nutrients is an important factor in the decline of rice yield and quality. The compound microbial agent can reduce the loss of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the paddy field and dissolve chelate compounds such as insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and the like in soil; meanwhile, the compound microbial inoculum can secrete organic nutrient substances such as organic acid, growth hormone and the like which are necessary for plant growth, and the elements and substances can improve the growth situation of the rice and realize the improvement of the quality and the taste of the rice.
In actual production, however, the type and the application method of the compound microbial inoculant are not strictly required, so that farmers still apply the compound microbial inoculant in a common fertilization mode when using the compound microbial inoculant, the same compound microbial inoculant is used from rice planting to harvesting, action effects are different due to neglect of the type and different growth periods of the compound microbial inoculant, and waste is caused to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving rice quality by using a compound microbial agent, and solves the problems that the cost for improving the rice quality is high and the compound microbial agent cannot be well utilized in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving rice quality by using a compound microbial agent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) applying a first microbial inoculum during the retting period;
(2) applying a second microbial inoculum at the tillering stage;
(3) applying a third microbial inoculum during the booting stage;
(4) applying a fourth microbial inoculum in heading stage and mature stage;
the strains in the first microbial inoculum comprise bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and azotobacter;
the strains in the second microbial inoculum comprise streptomyces, glutamic acid zymocyte, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis;
the strains in the third microbial inoculum comprise bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the strains in the fourth microbial inoculum comprise beauveria bassiana, saccharomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the concentration of each strain in the first microbial inoculum, the second microbial inoculum, the third microbial inoculum and the fourth microbial inoculum is 1 multiplied by 108-5 multiplied by 109/ml independently.
Preferably, the volume ratio of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to saccharomycetes to azotobacter in the first microbial inoculum is 1: 2-3.5: 3 to 4.
Preferably, the volume ratio of streptomyces, glutamic acid zymocyte, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis in the second microbial inoculum is 1: 1-2: 2-3: 1-2.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the bacillus thuringiensis, the azotobacter chroococcum, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the potassium solubilizing bacteria in the third microbial inoculum is 1: 1-2: 1-1.5: 3-4.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the beauveria bassiana to the yeast to the phosphate solubilizing bacteria to the potassium solubilizing bacteria in the fourth microbial inoculum is 1: 1-2: 1-1.5: 2-3.5.
Preferably, the first microbial inoculum is applied by diluting and spraying the diluted first microbial inoculum to the field, wherein the spraying amount is 100-200 kg/mu;
the application method of the second microbial inoculum, the third microbial inoculum and the fourth microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: after dilution, the fertilizer is sprayed to leaf surfaces or irrigated to fields, and the application amount of the spraying or irrigating is 100-200 kg/mu.
Preferably, the dilution ratio of the first microbial inoculum is 1: 5-15;
the dilution ratio of the second microbial inoculum is 1: 5-15;
the dilution ratio of the third microbial inoculum is 1: 20-30;
the dilution ratio of the fourth microbial inoculum is 1: 45-55.
Preferably, each strain of the first microbial inoculum, the second microbial inoculum, the third microbial inoculum and the fourth microbial inoculum is obtained by expanding culture of a liquid culture medium, wherein the liquid culture medium contains glucose, peptone and calcium chloride, and the pH value is 7-8.
Preferably, the expansion culture comprises the following conditions:
the culture temperature is 20-30 ℃;
the culture speed is 100-200 r/min.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: according to the invention, the specific microbial inoculum is matched with rice in different growth periods, so that the quality indexes such as the plant height and the root length of rice plants, soluble sugar of rice grains, soluble protein of rice grains, the length of rice ears, the thousand kernel weight, the number of grains per ear of rice, the maturing rate of rice, the effective number of rice ears and the like can be obviously improved, the method is simple and easy, the cost is lower, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the aboveground biomass measurement of rice plants;
FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of root biomass of rice plants;
FIG. 3 shows the results of measuring the plant height of rice plants;
FIG. 4 shows the results of root length measurements of rice plants;
FIG. 5 shows the results of the determination of soluble sugar content in rice kernels;
FIG. 6 shows the results of the soluble protein assay of rice grain;
FIG. 7 shows the measurement results of rice panicle length;
FIG. 8 shows the results of rice thousand kernel weight measurements;
FIG. 9 shows the results of the number of seeds per ear of rice;
FIG. 10 shows the statistics of rice setting percentage;
FIG. 11 shows the statistics of effective spike numbers of rice.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving rice quality by using a compound microbial agent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) applying a first microbial inoculum during the retting period;
(2) applying a second microbial inoculum at the tillering stage;
(3) applying a third microbial inoculum during the booting stage;
(4) applying a fourth microbial inoculum in heading stage and mature stage;
in the invention, the strains in the first microbial inoculum comprise bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and azotobacterThe volume ratio of the bacteria to the nitrogen-fixing bacteria is preferably 1: 2-3.5: 3-4, and further preferably 1: 2.2-3.1: 3.4-3.6; the concentration of viable bacteria of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the first microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 108One/ml, more preferably 2 to 4X 108Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of the yeast in the first microbial inoculum is preferably 1-3 multiplied by 109One/ml, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5X 109Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of azotobacteria in the first microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 108One/ml, more preferably 2 to 4X 108Per ml; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the yeast and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the first microbial inoculum are preferably obtained by respectively performing amplification culture on a liquid culture medium, the liquid culture medium preferably comprises glucose, peptone and calcium chloride, and the pH value of the liquid culture medium is preferably 7-8, more preferably 7.2-7.8, and still more preferably 7.3-7.6; the culture temperature of the amplification culture is preferably 25-35 ℃, more preferably 28-32 ℃, and the culture rotation speed of the amplification culture is preferably 100-200 r/min, more preferably 140-160 r/min. The application method of the first microbial inoculum is preferably to dilute and then spray the diluted microbial inoculum into a field, wherein the dilution ratio of the dilution is preferably 1: 5-15, more preferably 1: 6-13, and still more preferably 1: 8-11; the spraying amount of the spraying is preferably 100-200 kg/mu, more preferably 130-170 kg/mu and still more preferably 150-160 kg/mu.
In the invention, the strains in the second microbial inoculum comprise streptomyces, glutamic acid zymocyte, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis; the volume ratio of the streptomyces to the glutamic acid zymocyte to the nitrogen fixing bacteria to the bacillus subtilis is preferably 1: 1-2: 2-3: 1-2, and the further preferred volume ratio is 1: 1.2-1.8: 2.2-2.7: 1.5-1.8; the concentration of viable bacteria of streptomyces in the second microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 108One/ml, more preferably 2 to 4X 108Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of glutamic acid zymocyte in the second microbial inoculum is preferably 1 multiplied by 108～1.5×109One/ml, more preferably 5X 108～1×109Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of azotobacteria in the second microbial inoculum is preferably 1～5×108One/ml, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5X 108Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis in the second microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 108One/ml, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5X 108Per ml; preferably, the second microbial inoculum of the invention is obtained by respectively performing amplification culture on streptomycete, glutamic acid zymophyte, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis through a liquid culture medium, wherein the liquid culture medium preferably comprises glucose, peptone and calcium chloride, and the pH value of the liquid culture medium is preferably 7-8, more preferably 7.2-7.8, and still more preferably 7.3-7.6; the culture temperature of the amplification culture is preferably 25-35 ℃, more preferably 28-32 ℃, and the culture rotation speed of the amplification culture is preferably 100-200 r/min, more preferably 140-160 r/min. The application method of the second microbial inoculum is preferably to dilute and then spray the diluted microbial inoculum to leaf surfaces or irrigate the diluted microbial inoculum to fields, wherein the dilution ratio of the dilution is preferably 1: 5-15, more preferably 1: 6-13, and further preferably 1: 7-12; when the application method is spraying to the leaf surface, the spraying amount is preferably 100-200 kg/mu, more preferably 130-170 kg/mu, and still more preferably 150-160 kg/mu, and when the application method is irrigating to the field, the irrigation amount is preferably 100-200 kg/mu, more preferably 120-180 kg/mu, and still more preferably 140-150 kg/mu.
In the invention, the strains in the third microbial inoculum comprise bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria; the volume ratio of the bacillus thuringiensis, the azotobacter chroococcum, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the potassium solubilizing bacteria is preferably 1: 1-2: 1-1.5: 3-4, and further preferably 1: 1.2-1.8: 1.1-1.4: 3.2-3.6; the concentration of viable bacteria of the bacillus thuringiensis in the third microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 108One/ml, more preferably 2.2 to 4.5X 108Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of azotobacter chroococcum in the third microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 108One/ml, more preferably 1.8 to 2.5X 108Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the third microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 109One/ml, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5X 109Per ml; the potassium bacteria in the third microbial inoculumThe concentration of viable bacteria is preferably 1-5 × 108One/ml, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5X 108Per ml; the third microbial inoculum of the invention is preferably obtained by respectively performing amplification culture on bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphorus bacteria and potassium bacteria through a liquid culture medium, wherein the liquid culture medium preferably contains glucose, peptone and calcium chloride, and the pH value of the liquid culture medium is preferably 7-8, further preferably 7.2-7.8, and further preferably 7.3-7.6; the culture temperature of the amplification culture is preferably 25-35 ℃, more preferably 28-32 ℃, and the culture rotation speed of the amplification culture is preferably 100-200 r/min, more preferably 140-160 r/min. The application method of the third microbial inoculum is preferably to dilute and then spray the diluted microbial inoculum on the leaf surface or irrigate the diluted microbial inoculum into the field, wherein the dilution ratio of the dilution is preferably 1: 20-30, more preferably 1: 22-28, and still more preferably 1: 24-26; when the application method is spraying to the leaf surface, the spraying amount is preferably 100-200 kg/mu, more preferably 110-180 kg/mu, and still more preferably 120-140 kg/mu, and when the application method is irrigating to the field, the irrigation amount is preferably 100-200 kg/mu, more preferably 130-170 kg/mu, and still more preferably 140-160 kg/mu.
In the invention, the strains in the fourth microbial inoculum comprise beauveria bassiana, saccharomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria; the volume ratio of the beauveria bassiana to the saccharomycetes to the phosphate solubilizing bacteria to the potassium solubilizing bacteria is preferably 1: 1-2: 1-1.5: 2-3.5, and the further preferred volume ratio is 1: 1.3-1.7: 1.1-1.4: 2.4-3.2; the concentration of viable bacteria of beauveria bassiana in the fourth microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 109One/ml, more preferably 2.8 to 4.2X 109Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of the yeast in the fourth microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 109One/ml, more preferably 1.8 to 2.5X 109Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the fourth microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 109One/ml, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5X 109Per ml; the concentration of viable bacteria of the potassium bacteria in the fourth microbial inoculum is preferably 1-5 multiplied by 108One/ml, more preferably 1.5 to 3.5X 108Per ml; the fourth microbial inoculum of the invention comprises beauveria bassiana, saccharomycetes,The phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the potassium solubilizing bacteria are preferably obtained by respectively carrying out amplification culture on liquid culture media, the liquid culture media preferably contain glucose, peptone and calcium chloride, and the pH value of the liquid culture media is preferably 7-8, more preferably 7.2-7.8, and still more preferably 7.3-7.6; the culture temperature of the amplification culture is preferably 25-35 ℃, more preferably 28-32 ℃, and the culture rotation speed of the amplification culture is preferably 100-200 r/min, more preferably 140-160 r/min. The application method of the fourth microbial inoculum is preferably to dilute and then spray the fourth microbial inoculum on leaf surfaces or irrigate the fourth microbial inoculum in fields, wherein the dilution ratio of the dilution is preferably 1: 45-55, more preferably 1: 46-52, and still more preferably 1: 47-50; when the application method is spraying to the leaf surface, the spraying amount is preferably 100-200 kg/mu, more preferably 110-180 kg/mu, and still more preferably 120-140 kg/mu, and when the application method is irrigating to the field, the irrigation amount is preferably 100-200 kg/mu, more preferably 130-170 kg/mu, and still more preferably 140-160 kg/mu.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the field retting period, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are respectively inoculated into a liquid culture medium for amplification culture, the liquid culture medium takes glucose as a carbon source, peptone as a nitrogen source and calcium chloride as inorganic salt, the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted to be 7.2, the culture is carried out for 48 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ and under the condition of 150r/min, wherein the viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of yeast is 1 × 109The viable bacteria concentration of azotobacteria is 2 multiplied by 108Mixing fermentation liquor of each strain according to the proportion of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and azotobacter of 1: 3: 4 to obtain a field retting period microbial agent, diluting with water according to the proportion of 1: 10, and spraying to a field, wherein the spraying amount is 190 kg/mu;
in the tillering stage, streptomycete, glutamic acid zymocyte, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis are respectively inoculated into a liquid culture medium for amplification culture, and the liquid culture medium is glucoseAs carbon source, peptone as nitrogen source, calcium chloride as inorganic salt, adjusting pH of the culture medium to 7.3, culturing at 28 deg.C for 72h at 170r/min to obtain Streptomyces viable bacteria concentration of 2 × 108The viable bacteria concentration of glutamic acid zymocyte is 9 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 5 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 4 multiplied by 108Mixing fermentation liquids of the streptomycete, the glutamic acid zymocyte, the azotobacter and the bacillus subtilis according to the volume ratio of 1: 2: 3: 1 to obtain a field retting period microbial agent, diluting the field retting period microbial agent with water according to the ratio of 1: 10, and spraying the diluted field retting period microbial agent to leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 140 kg/mu;
respectively inoculating bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphorus bacteria and potassium bacteria into a liquid culture medium for amplification culture in the booting stage, wherein the liquid culture medium takes glucose as a carbon source, peptone as a nitrogen source and calcium chloride as inorganic salt, the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted to 7.2, the culture is carried out for 72 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and under the condition of 180r/min, and the viable bacteria concentration of the obtained bacillus thuringiensis is 1 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of azotobacter chroococcum is 5 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is 1 multiplied by 109The viable bacteria concentration of potassium bacteria is 4 × 108Mixing fermentation liquids of the strains according to the volume ratio of bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria of 1: 2: 1: 3 to obtain a microbial agent in a field retting period, diluting the microbial agent with water according to the ratio of 1: 25, and irrigating the microbial agent into the field, wherein the irrigation amount is 150 kg/mu;
respectively inoculating beauveria bassiana, yeast, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria into a liquid culture medium for enlarged culture in a heading stage and a maturation stage, adjusting the pH value of the culture medium to 7.3 by using glucose as a carbon source, peptone as a nitrogen source and calcium chloride as inorganic salt in the liquid culture medium, and culturing for 48 hours at the temperature of 28 ℃ and under the condition of 180r/min, wherein the viable bacteria concentration of the beauveria bassiana is 1 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of yeast is 1 × 108The viable bacteria concentration of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is 3 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of potassium bacteria is 2 × 108Each ml is prepared from beauveria bassiana, yeast, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteriaMixing the fermentation liquid of each strain at a ratio of 1: 2: 1.5: 3 to obtain the microbial agent at the field retting stage, diluting with water at a ratio of 1: 50, and irrigating to the field with a spraying amount of 130 kg/mu.
Example 2
In the field retting period, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are respectively inoculated into a liquid culture medium for amplification culture, the liquid culture medium takes glucose as a carbon source, peptone as a nitrogen source and calcium chloride as inorganic salt, the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted to be 7.3, the culture is carried out for 48 hours at the temperature of 27 ℃ and under the condition of 150r/min, and the viable bacteria concentration of the obtained bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 4 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of yeast is 2 × 109The viable bacteria concentration of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 1 × 108Mixing fermentation liquor of each strain according to the volume ratio of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria of 1: 2.5: 3.5 to obtain a microbial agent in a field retting period, diluting with water according to the ratio of 1: 10, and spraying to the field, wherein the spraying amount is 140 kg/mu;
in the tillering stage, respectively inoculating streptomycete, glutamic acid zymocyte, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis into a liquid culture medium for expanded culture, wherein the liquid culture medium takes glucose as a carbon source, peptone as a nitrogen source and calcium chloride as inorganic salt, the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted to be 7.3, the culture is carried out for 72 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ and under the condition of 170r/min, and the concentration of the obtained viable bacteria of the streptomycete is 2 multiplied by 109The viable bacteria concentration of glutamic acid zymocyte is 1 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of azotobacteria is 8 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 4 multiplied by 108Mixing fermentation liquids of the streptomycete, the glutamic acid zymocyte, the azotobacter and the bacillus subtilis according to the volume ratio of 1: 2: 3: 1 to obtain a field retting period microbial agent, diluting the field retting period microbial agent with water according to the ratio of 1: 10, and spraying the diluted field retting period microbial agent to leaf surfaces, wherein the spraying amount is 150 kg/mu;
in booting stage, respectively inoculating Bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphorus bacteria and potassium bacteria in liquid culture medium, performing amplification culture, wherein the liquid culture medium uses glucose as carbon source, peptone as nitrogen source, calcium chloride as inorganic salt, and the pH value of the culture medium is adjusted to 7.4 at 27 deg.CCulturing at 180r/min for 72 hr to obtain Bacillus thuringiensis with viable bacteria concentration of 4 × 108The viable bacteria concentration of azotobacter chroococcum is 1 × 108The viable bacteria concentration of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is 3 multiplied by 109The viable bacteria concentration of potassium bacteria is 2 × 109Mixing fermentation liquids of the strains according to the volume ratio of bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria of 1: 2: 1.5: 3.5 to obtain a field retting stage microbial agent, diluting the field retting stage microbial agent with water according to the ratio of 1: 25, and then irrigating the field with the field retting stage microbial agent at an irrigation rate of 120 kg/mu;
respectively inoculating beauveria bassiana, yeast, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria into a liquid culture medium for enlarged culture in a heading stage and a maturation stage, adjusting the pH value of the culture medium to 7.3 by using glucose as a carbon source, peptone as a nitrogen source and calcium chloride as inorganic salt in the liquid culture medium, and culturing for 48 hours at the temperature of 28 ℃ and at the speed of 180r/min to obtain the beauveria bassiana with the viable bacteria concentration of 8 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of yeast is 3 × 108The viable bacteria concentration of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria is 1 multiplied by 108The viable bacteria concentration of potassium bacteria is 1 × 108Mixing fermentation liquor of each strain according to the volume ratio of beauveria bassiana, saccharomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria of 1: 2.5 to obtain the microbial agent in the field retting period, diluting with water at the ratio of 1: 50, and irrigating to the field, wherein the spraying amount is 180 kg/mu.
Experimental example 1
Experiments are carried out in the rice field (50 mu) in the Chongming district, and the addition scheme of the combination of the organic fertilizer and the compound microbial agent is set as follows:
a traditional fertilizer group (as a blank control group) is applied in a conventional retting period according to the dosage of 750 kg/mu;
an organic fertilizer adding group, wherein the organic fertilizer is purchased from Zhejiang Weimusi agriculture and animal husbandry Limited company and is applied in a conventional retting period according to the dosage of 750 kg/mu;
an organic fertilizer + planting type compound microbial inoculum group, wherein the organic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are added, and the planting type compound microbial inoculum adding group adopts the compound microbial inoculum method in the embodiment 1;
the microbial fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer and traditional microbial agent group, wherein the organic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are added, and the traditional microbial agent is a planting type microbial agent produced by Jilin Haoyu biotechnology limited and is synchronously applied with the organic fertilizer and the traditional microbial agent group.
Evaluating the effect of the planting type compound microbial inoculant on the improvement of the rice quality by comparing and analyzing the rice quality characteristics of each treatment group, wherein the determination items comprise overground biomass of rice plants, root biomass, plant height, root length, soluble sugar of rice grains, soluble protein of the rice grains, rice ear length, thousand grain weight of rice, grain number of each ear of rice, rice setting percentage and effective ear number of rice, and the soluble sugar and protein contents of the rice grains and the protein contents are respectively tested by a ketone colorimetric method and a Coomassie brilliant blue colorimetric method; the aboveground biomass of the rice, the biomass of root systems, the plant height, the root length, the ear length of the rice, the thousand-grain weight of the rice, the grain number of each ear of the rice, the maturing rate of the rice and the effective ear number of the rice are respectively tested and analyzed by randomly and fixedly taking 10 rice samples in each treatment group, and the data results are counted. The measurement results are shown in the following tables 1 to 11, and the corresponding statistical charts are shown in the following tables 1 to 11:
TABLE 1 aboveground biomass of rice
TABLE 2 Rice root Biomass
TABLE 3 plant height of rice
TABLE 4 Rice root length
TABLE 5 soluble sugar for rice seeds
TABLE 6 soluble protein from Rice grain
TABLE 7 Rice spike Length
TABLE 8 thousand Kernel weight of rice (g)
TABLE 9 number of grains per ear of rice
TABLE 10 Rice setting percentage (%)
TABLE 11 effective spike number (number/strain) of rice
The result shows that the overall quality of the rice is superior to that of the traditional fertilizer, organic fertilizer and the existing microbial inoculum by applying the experimental group of the compound microbial inoculum in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
According to the embodiment, the method for improving the rice quality by using the compound microbial agent is provided, and the specific microbial agent is matched with rice in different growth periods, so that the quality indexes of the rice plant such as the aboveground biomass, the root biomass, the plant height, the root length, the soluble sugar quality of rice grains, the rice panicle length and the like can be obviously improved, the thousand seed weight of the rice, the number of seeds per panicle of the rice, the rice setting rate and the effective panicle number of the rice can be increased, the method is simple and easy, the cost is lower, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving rice quality by using a compound microbial agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) applying a first microbial inoculum during the retting period;
(2) applying a second microbial inoculum at the tillering stage;
(3) applying a third microbial inoculum during the booting stage;
(4) applying a fourth microbial inoculum in heading stage and mature stage;
the strains in the first microbial inoculum comprise bacillus amyloliquefaciens, saccharomycetes and azotobacter;
the strains in the second microbial inoculum comprise streptomyces, glutamic acid zymocyte, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis;
the strains in the third microbial inoculum comprise bacillus thuringiensis, azotobacter chroococcum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the strains in the fourth microbial inoculum comprise beauveria bassiana, saccharomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the concentration of each strain in the first, second, third and fourth bacterial agents is 1 multiplied by 10 independently8～5×109One per ml.
2. The method for improving the quality of rice by using the compound microbial inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the saccharomycetes and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the first inoculant is 1: 2-3.5: 3-4.
3. The method for improving rice quality by using the compound microbial inoculant according to claim 2, wherein the volume ratio of streptomyces, glutamic acid fermentation bacteria, azotobacter and bacillus subtilis in the second inoculant is 1: 1-2: 2-3: 1-2.
4. The method for improving the quality of rice by using the compound microbial inoculant according to claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of the bacillus thuringiensis to the azotobacter chroococcum to the phosphate solubilizing bacteria to the potassium solubilizing bacteria in the third inoculant is 1: 1-2: 1-1.5: 3-4.
5. The method for improving rice quality by using the compound microbial inoculant according to claim 4, wherein the volume ratio of the beauveria bassiana, the yeast, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the potassium solubilizing bacteria in the fourth inoculant is 1: 1-2: 1-1.5: 2-3.5.
6. The method for improving rice quality by using the compound microbial inoculant according to claim 5, wherein the first inoculant is applied by the following steps: spraying the diluted solution into a field, wherein the spraying amount is 100-200 kg/mu;
the application method of the second microbial inoculum, the third microbial inoculum and the fourth microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: after dilution, the fertilizer is sprayed to leaf surfaces or irrigated to fields, and the application amount of the spraying or irrigating is 100-200 kg/mu.
7. The method for improving rice quality by using the compound microbial inoculant according to claim 6, wherein the dilution ratio of the first inoculant is 1: 5-15;
the dilution ratio of the second microbial inoculum is 1: 5-15;
the dilution ratio of the third microbial inoculum is 1: 20-30;
the dilution ratio of the fourth microbial inoculum is 1: 45-55.
8. The method for improving rice quality by using the compound microbial inoculant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each strain of the first inoculant, the second inoculant, the third inoculant and the fourth inoculant is obtained by performing amplification culture on a liquid culture medium, the liquid culture medium contains glucose, peptone and calcium chloride, and the pH value is 7-8.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the expanding culture comprises the following conditions:
the culture temperature is 20-30 ℃;
the culture speed is 100-200 r/min.
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