CN114145264A - Production process of aseptic eggs aiming at salmonella - Google Patents
Production process of aseptic eggs aiming at salmonella Download PDFInfo
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- CN114145264A CN114145264A CN202111494231.9A CN202111494231A CN114145264A CN 114145264 A CN114145264 A CN 114145264A CN 202111494231 A CN202111494231 A CN 202111494231A CN 114145264 A CN114145264 A CN 114145264A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L15/00—Egg products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aseptic egg production, in particular to an aseptic egg production process aiming at salmonella. The method obviously reduces the detection rate of the salmonella in the sterile eggs, has simple operation, saves the culture cost and is beneficial to commercial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aseptic egg production, in particular to an aseptic egg production process aiming at salmonella.
Background
The egg is a food with rich nutrition and high nutritive value. In recent years, raw eggs are more and more popular with people because of fresh feeling brought to people by smooth mouthfeel, however, the raw eggs are easy to infect salmonella, which is a bacterium with great harm. Therefore, the inhibition or eradication of salmonella in eggs is of particular importance in the production of eggs and products thereof.
Because eggs and products thereof are easily polluted by salmonella in the processes of cultivation, production, processing, transportation and the like, the inhibition of the salmonella on the market at present only aims at certain aspects (such as the prevention of the transmission of the salmonella in feed, the inhibition of the transmission of the salmonella in environment or the inhibition of the transmission of the salmonella in animal bodies and the like) and can not well prevent the infection of the eggs and the products thereof in the whole production process. The invention creatively provides a salmonella-specific aseptic egg production process, which remarkably reduces the detection rate of salmonella in aseptic eggs by eliminating salmonella in the processes of breeding, culturing, breeding and laying eggs of laying hens and sterilizing the surfaces of eggs, and not only reduces the vertical propagation and horizontal propagation of salmonella among laying hen groups and has good sterilization effect, but also saves the culture cost and is beneficial to commercial application by means of breeding, culturing, sterilizing and detecting the surfaces of eggs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the salmonella-specific aseptic egg production process which is simple to operate, low in cost and good in salmonella removal effect. In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a sterile egg production process aiming at salmonella eliminates the salmonella by monitoring the salmonella of laying hens and specifically comprises the following steps:
breeding the laying hens: detecting salmonella antibodies of chicken groups, selecting cock and hen with the salmonella antibodies as grandparents, breeding in a clean environment without salmonella, and hatching the parents; preferably, breeding parent generations with salmonella antibodies in a clean and salmonella-free environment, hatching out offspring and carrying out a new round of screening, preferably breeding offspring with salmonella antibodies again for the next generation, and the like to prevent the vertical propagation of salmonella;
(II) laying hen breeding: optimizing the feeding environment of the laying hens, periodically detecting and killing salmonella in a farm of the laying hens to obtain the laying hens negative for the salmonella, and feeding the laying hens with feed containing a selenium-rich additive and a mould synergistic leavening agent to improve the immunity of the laying hens;
(III) breeding of laying hens: placing the laying hens with negative salmonella obtained in the step (II) in a laying hen breeding farm, killing the salmonella in the laying hen breeding farm every day, detecting the salmonella in the laying hens in the laying hen breeding farm once a week, and placing the eggs laid by the laying hens in a clean and sterile container;
(IV) killing the surface of the eggs: and (3) carrying out surface treatment on the eggs laid by the laying hens with negative salmonella in the step (III) to obtain fresh eggs without salmonella, and specifically comprising the following steps:
1) performing optical inspection on the surface of the obtained egg for salmonella, and marking whether the surface of the egg contains the salmonella;
2) collecting the eggs marked in the step 1) and containing the salmonella, and sterilizing and killing the salmonella on the surfaces of the eggs;
3) washing the eggs marked to be free of salmonella in the step 1) and the eggs killed in the step 2) with ethanol and clean water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain clean eggs;
4) plating a protective film on the surface of the clean egg obtained in the step 3), and performing killing, sorting and cold storage on salmonella in a heat preservation box at the temperature of less than 10 ℃ again to obtain the fresh egg without salmonella.
Preferably, the optimization of the layer raising environment is to perform barn feeding on the layers, namely, periodically perform antibacterial performance detection on the layers, mark the salmonella infection condition of the layers, then breed the uninfected layers in a conventional breeding area according to the marking result, isolate the infected layers in the infected area, so as to prevent horizontal transmission among the layers and improve the elimination efficiency of the salmonella.
Preferably, the method is used for intervention treatment by adopting an antibiotic combined immunization comprehensive prevention and treatment method aiming at laying hens in an infected area, namely gentamicin for 1 day old, enrofloxacin for 5 days old, chicken source probiotics for 7 days old and live vaccine immunization.
Preferably, the group culling is carried out on laying hens in the infected area.
Preferably, the conventional breeding area is sterilized at intervals of 2-3 days, and the laying hens in the conventional breeding area are detected once a week; disinfecting once a day for an infection interval, and detecting the laying hens inside once a day; the disinfectant adopted by the salmonella disinfection is one of glutaraldehyde disinfectant or iodine disinfectant.
Preferably, the content of the selenium-rich additive in the laying hen feed is 5-15%, and the selenium-rich additive comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of selenium-rich milk vetch powder, 20-30 parts of selenium-rich corn flour, 10-20 parts of selenium-rich soybean meal and 20-60 parts of selenium-rich common leafy herb powder.
Preferably, the content of the mould synergistic leavening in the layer feed is 10-20%, and the mould synergistic leavening comprises 15-20 parts of a microecological preparation, 10-16 parts of an enzyme preparation, 1-4 parts of a slow release agent and 60-74 parts of a carrier according to parts by weight.
Preferably, the probiotic comprises probiotics and oligosaccharide, and the probiotics comprise one or more of lactobacillus, bacillus cereus and bifidobacterium; the enzyme preparation is one or more of xylanase, beta-glucanase or cellulase; the sustained-release preparation is composed of an auxiliary material and a coating agent, wherein the auxiliary material is one or more of silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or ethyl cellulose, and the coating agent is one of an enteric sustained-release coating agent or a gastric sustained-release coating agent.
Preferably, the sterilization and disinfection of the salmonella on the surface of the eggs are carried out by one or more of ultraviolet lamps, ozone or disinfectants.
Preferably, the disinfectant used for killing the salmonella on the surface of the eggs is one of 4-6% of hydrogen peroxide or 2.5-3.5% of diguanidinol hydrochloride and phenolate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the salmonella in the processes of breeding, culturing and propagating the laying hens is monitored, so that the removing efficiency of the salmonella is improved, the surface of the egg is killed, and the detection rate of the salmonella in the sterile egg is remarkably reduced; by feeding the feed containing the selenium-rich additive in the breeding process of the laying hens, the immunity of the laying hens is enhanced, the antibacterial performance of the laying hens is further improved, and the salmonella removal efficiency is improved; the breeding of the laying hens is managed in different houses, different management, disinfection and detection modes are adopted for different henhouses, so that the vertical propagation and the horizontal propagation of salmonella among laying hen groups are reduced, the operation is simple, the sterilization effect is good, the practicability is high, the breeding cost is saved, and the commercial application is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a process for producing a sterile egg for Salmonella in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the surface treatment of eggs according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a process for producing aseptic eggs for salmonella according to the present invention, from which it can be seen that the process for producing aseptic eggs for salmonella according to the present invention eliminates salmonella by monitoring salmonella of laying hens. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step I: breeding the laying hens: detecting salmonella antibodies of chicken groups, selecting cock and hen with the salmonella antibodies as grandparents, breeding in a clean environment without salmonella, and hatching the parents; preferably, the parent generation carrying the salmonella antibody is bred in a clean and salmonella-free environment, the offspring is hatched and a new round of screening is carried out, the offspring carrying the salmonella antibody is preferably bred again for the next generation, and the like, so as to prevent the vertical propagation of the salmonella.
Step II: breeding the laying hens: the method comprises the steps of optimizing the feeding environment of the laying hens, regularly detecting and killing salmonella in a laying hen farm to obtain laying hens negative in salmonella, and feeding the laying hens with feed containing selenium-rich additive and mould synergistic leavening agent to improve the immunity of the laying hens. The selenium-rich additive comprises, by weight, 10 parts of selenium-rich milk vetch powder, 20 parts of selenium-rich corn powder, 10 parts of selenium-rich soybean meal and 60 parts of selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder, wherein the content of the selenium-rich additive in the laying hen feed is 5%. The content of the mould synergistic leavening agent in the laying hen feed is 10%, and the mould synergistic leavening agent comprises 15 parts of a microecological preparation, 10 parts of an enzyme preparation, 1 part of a slow release agent and 74 parts of a carrier in parts by weight.
The microecological preparation comprises probiotics and oligosaccharide, and the probiotics comprise lactobacillus and bacillus cereus; the enzyme preparation is xylanase; the sustained release agent consists of an auxiliary material and a coating agent, wherein the auxiliary material is silicon dioxide, and the coating agent is an enteric sustained release coating agent.
In the step, the laying hen feeding environment is optimized by feeding laying hens in different housing, namely, the antibacterial performance of the laying hens is detected regularly, the salmonella infection condition of the laying hens is marked, then the uninfected laying hens are cultured in a conventional culture area according to the marking result, and the infected laying hens are isolated in the infected area, so that the horizontal transmission among chicken flocks is prevented, and the elimination efficiency of salmonella is improved. Disinfecting once every 2 days for a conventional breeding area, and detecting the laying hens inside the breeding area once a week; the method is characterized in that an integrated control method of combining antibiotics and immunity is adopted for intervention treatment aiming at laying hens in an infected area, namely gentamicin at 1 day old, enrofloxacin at 5 days old, chicken source probiotics at 7 days old and live vaccine immunity are adopted. In addition, the infection interval is disinfected once a day, and the laying hens inside the infection interval are detected once a day.
Step III: breeding the laying hens: and (3) placing the laying hens with negative salmonella obtained in the step (II) in a laying hen breeding farm, killing the salmonella in the laying hen breeding farm every day, detecting the salmonella of the laying hens in the laying hen breeding farm once a week, and placing the eggs laid by the laying hens in a clean and sterile container.
Step IV: killing the surface of the eggs: and (3) carrying out surface treatment on the eggs laid by the laying hens with negative salmonella in the step (III) to obtain the fresh eggs without salmonella. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the surface treatment of eggs in the present invention, which can be seen from the following steps:
step S01: the surface of the obtained egg is subjected to light detection of salmonella, and whether the surface contains the salmonella is marked.
Step S02: collecting the eggs marked with the salmonella in the step S01, and sterilizing the surface of the eggs with the salmonella.
Step S03: washing the eggs marked to be free of salmonella in the step S01 and the eggs killed in the step S02 with ethanol and clean water for 2 times, and drying to obtain clean eggs;
step S04: and (4) plating a protective film on the surface of the clean egg obtained in the step (S03), and performing sterilization, sorting and cold storage on salmonella in a heat preservation box at the temperature of 8 ℃ again to obtain the fresh egg without salmonella.
In the step, the salmonella on the surface of the eggs is sterilized and killed by adopting an ultraviolet lamp and a disinfectant, wherein the disinfectant is 4% of hydrogen peroxide.
Specific example 2
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a process for producing aseptic eggs for salmonella according to the present invention, from which it can be seen that the process for producing aseptic eggs for salmonella according to the present invention eliminates salmonella by monitoring salmonella of laying hens. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step I: breeding the laying hens: detecting salmonella antibodies of chicken groups, selecting cock and hen with the salmonella antibodies as grandparents, breeding in a clean environment without salmonella, and hatching the parents; preferably, the parent generation carrying the salmonella antibody is bred in a clean and salmonella-free environment, the offspring is hatched and a new round of screening is carried out, the offspring carrying the salmonella antibody is preferably bred again for the next generation, and the like, so as to prevent the vertical propagation of the salmonella.
Step II: breeding the laying hens: the method comprises the steps of optimizing the feeding environment of the laying hens, regularly detecting and killing salmonella in a laying hen farm to obtain laying hens negative in salmonella, and feeding the laying hens with feed containing selenium-rich additive and mould synergistic leavening agent to improve the immunity of the laying hens. The selenium-rich additive comprises, by weight, 30 parts of selenium-rich milk vetch powder, 30 parts of selenium-rich corn powder, 20 parts of selenium-rich soybean meal and 20 parts of selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder, wherein the content of the selenium-rich additive in the laying hen feed is 15%. The content of the mould synergistic leavening agent in the laying hen feed is 20%, and the mould synergistic leavening agent comprises 20 parts of a microecological preparation, 16 parts of an enzyme preparation, 4 parts of a slow release agent and 60 parts of a carrier in parts by weight.
The probiotic comprises a bifidobacterium and a probiotic; the enzyme preparation is beta-glucanase and cellulase; the sustained release agent consists of an auxiliary material and a coating agent, wherein the auxiliary material is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, and the coating agent is a gastric-soluble sustained release coating agent.
In the step, the laying hen feeding environment is optimized by feeding laying hens in different housing, namely, the antibacterial performance of the laying hens is detected regularly, the salmonella infection condition of the laying hens is marked, then the uninfected laying hens are cultured in a conventional culture area according to the marking result, and the infected laying hens are isolated in the infected area, so that the horizontal transmission among chicken flocks is prevented, and the elimination efficiency of salmonella is improved. Disinfecting once every 3 days for a conventional breeding area, and detecting the laying hens inside the breeding area once a week; the group killing is carried out on the laying hens in the infected area, the infected area is disinfected once a day, the laying hens in the infected area are detected once a day, and in the embodiment, the disinfectant adopted by the salmonella killing is an iodine disinfectant.
Step III: breeding the laying hens: and (3) placing the laying hens with negative salmonella obtained in the step (II) in a laying hen breeding farm, killing the salmonella in the laying hen breeding farm every day, detecting the salmonella of the laying hens in the laying hen breeding farm once a week, and placing the eggs laid by the laying hens in a clean and sterile container.
Step IV: killing the surface of the eggs: and (3) carrying out surface treatment on the eggs laid by the laying hens with negative salmonella in the step (III) to obtain the fresh eggs without salmonella. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the surface treatment of eggs in the present invention, which can be seen from the following steps:
step S01: the surface of the obtained egg is subjected to light detection of salmonella, and whether the surface contains the salmonella is marked.
Step S02: collecting the eggs marked with the salmonella in the step S01, and sterilizing the surface of the eggs with the salmonella.
Step S03: washing the eggs marked to be free of salmonella in the step S01 and the eggs killed in the step S02 with ethanol and clean water for 3 times, and drying to obtain clean eggs;
step S04: and (4) plating a protective film on the surface of the clean egg obtained in the step (S03), and performing sterilization, sorting and cold storage on the salmonella in a heat preservation box at 6 ℃ again to obtain the fresh egg without the salmonella.
In the step, the salmonella on the surface of the egg is sterilized and killed by adopting an ultraviolet lamp.
Specific example 3
Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a process for producing aseptic eggs for salmonella according to the present invention, from which it can be seen that the process for producing aseptic eggs for salmonella according to the present invention eliminates salmonella by monitoring salmonella of laying hens. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step I: breeding the laying hens: detecting salmonella antibodies of chicken groups, selecting cock and hen with the salmonella antibodies as grandparents, breeding in a clean environment without salmonella, and hatching the parents; preferably, the parent generation carrying the salmonella antibody is bred in a clean and salmonella-free environment, the offspring is hatched and a new round of screening is carried out, the offspring carrying the salmonella antibody is preferably bred again for the next generation, and the like, so as to prevent the vertical propagation of the salmonella.
Step II: breeding the laying hens: the method comprises the steps of optimizing the feeding environment of the laying hens, regularly detecting and killing salmonella in a laying hen farm to obtain laying hens negative in salmonella, and feeding the laying hens with feed containing selenium-rich additive and mould synergistic leavening agent to improve the immunity of the laying hens. The selenium-rich additive comprises, by weight, 20 parts of selenium-rich milk vetch powder, 25 parts of selenium-rich corn powder, 15 parts of selenium-rich soybean meal and 40 parts of selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder, wherein the content of the selenium-rich additive in the laying hen feed is 10%. The content of the mould synergistic leavening agent in the laying hen feed is 15%, and the mould synergistic leavening agent comprises 18 parts of a microecological preparation, 12 parts of an enzyme preparation, 2 parts of a slow release agent and 68 parts of a carrier in parts by weight.
The probiotic comprises a probiotic and an oligosaccharide, and the probiotic comprises a lactic acid bacterium; the enzyme preparation is cellulase; the sustained release agent consists of an auxiliary material and a coating agent, wherein the auxiliary material is ethyl cellulose, and the coating agent is an enteric sustained release coating agent.
In the step, the laying hen feeding environment is optimized by feeding laying hens in different housing, namely, the antibacterial performance of the laying hens is detected regularly, the salmonella infection condition of the laying hens is marked, then the uninfected laying hens are cultured in a conventional culture area according to the marking result, and the infected laying hens are isolated in the infected area, so that the horizontal transmission among chicken flocks is prevented, and the elimination efficiency of salmonella is improved. Disinfecting once every 2 days for a conventional breeding area, and detecting the laying hens inside the breeding area once a week; the method is characterized in that an integrated control method of combining antibiotics and immunity is adopted for intervention treatment aiming at laying hens in an infected area, namely gentamicin at 1 day old, enrofloxacin at 5 days old, chicken source probiotics at 7 days old and live vaccine immunity are adopted. In addition, the infection interval is disinfected once a day, and the laying hens inside the infection interval are detected once a day.
Step III: breeding the laying hens: and (3) placing the laying hens with negative salmonella obtained in the step (II) in a laying hen breeding farm, killing the salmonella in the laying hen breeding farm every day, detecting the salmonella of the laying hens in the laying hen breeding farm once a week, and placing the eggs laid by the laying hens in a clean and sterile container.
Step IV: killing the surface of the eggs: and (3) carrying out surface treatment on the eggs laid by the laying hens with negative salmonella in the step (III) to obtain the fresh eggs without salmonella. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the surface treatment of eggs in the present invention, which can be seen from the following steps:
step S01: the surface of the obtained egg is subjected to light detection of salmonella, and whether the surface contains the salmonella is marked.
Step S02: collecting the eggs marked with the salmonella in the step S01, and sterilizing the surface of the eggs with the salmonella.
Step S03: washing the eggs marked to be free of salmonella in the step S01 and the eggs killed in the step S02 with ethanol and clean water for 3 times, and drying to obtain clean eggs;
step S04: and (4) plating a protective film on the surface of the clean egg obtained in the step (S03), and performing sterilization, sorting and refrigeration of salmonella in a 9 ℃ heat preservation box again to obtain the fresh egg without salmonella.
In the step, the sterilization and the killing of the salmonella on the surface of the eggs are carried out by adopting ozone and a disinfectant, wherein the disinfectant is 3.5% of biguanide hydrochloride hexanediol and phenolate.
No salmonella is detected in the sterile eggs obtained in each example, and the sterile eggs meet the regulations of the national standard of food safety, namely eggs and egg products, and the food pathogenic bacteria limit. Therefore, as can be seen from the above embodiments of the invention, the salmonella in the breeding, breeding and reproduction processes of the laying hens is monitored, so that the removing efficiency of the salmonella is improved, the surface of the egg is killed, and the detection rate of the salmonella in the sterile egg is obviously reduced; by feeding the feed containing the selenium-rich additive in the breeding process of the laying hens, the immunity of the laying hens is enhanced, the antibacterial performance of the laying hens is further improved, and the salmonella removal efficiency is improved; the breeding of the laying hens is managed in different houses, different management, disinfection and detection modes are adopted for different henhouses, so that the vertical propagation and the horizontal propagation of salmonella among laying hen groups are reduced, the operation is simple, the sterilization effect is good, the practicability is high, the breeding cost is saved, and the commercial application is facilitated.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the changes or modifications within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A production process of a sterile egg aiming at salmonella is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for eliminating the salmonella of the laying hens by monitoring the salmonella of the laying hens comprises the following steps:
breeding the laying hens: detecting salmonella antibodies of chicken groups, selecting cock and hen with the salmonella antibodies as grandparents, breeding in a clean environment without salmonella, and hatching the parents; preferably, breeding parent generations with salmonella antibodies in a clean and salmonella-free environment, hatching out offspring and carrying out a new round of screening, preferably breeding offspring with salmonella antibodies for the next generation, and so on;
(II) laying hen breeding: optimizing the feeding environment of the laying hens, periodically detecting and killing salmonella in a farm of the laying hens to obtain the laying hens negative in salmonella, and feeding the laying hens with feed containing the selenium-rich additive and the mould synergistic leavening agent;
(III) breeding of laying hens: placing the laying hens with negative salmonella obtained in the step (II) in a laying hen breeding farm, killing the salmonella in the laying hen breeding farm every day, detecting the salmonella in the laying hens in the laying hen breeding farm once a week, and placing the eggs laid by the laying hens in a clean and sterile container;
(IV) killing the surface of the eggs: and (3) carrying out surface treatment on the eggs laid by the laying hens with negative salmonella in the step (III) to obtain fresh eggs without salmonella, and specifically comprising the following steps:
1) performing optical inspection on the surface of the obtained egg for salmonella, and marking whether the surface of the egg contains the salmonella;
2) collecting the eggs marked in the step 1) and containing the salmonella, and sterilizing and killing the salmonella on the surfaces of the eggs;
3) washing the eggs marked to be free of salmonella in the step 1) and the eggs killed in the step 2) with ethanol and clean water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain clean eggs;
4) plating a protective film on the surface of the clean egg obtained in the step 3), and performing killing, sorting and cold storage on salmonella in a heat preservation box at the temperature of less than 10 ℃ again to obtain the fresh egg without salmonella.
2. The process for the production of sterile eggs for salmonella as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the optimization of the layer raising environment is to perform barn feeding on the layers, namely, periodically perform antibacterial performance detection on the layers, mark the salmonella infection condition of the layers, then breed the uninfected layers in a conventional breeding area according to the marking result, and isolate the infected layers in an infected area.
3. The process for the production of sterile eggs for salmonella as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the method is characterized in that an integrated control method of combining antibiotics and immunity is adopted for intervention treatment aiming at laying hens in an infected area, namely gentamicin at 1 day old, enrofloxacin at 5 days old, chicken source probiotics at 7 days old and live vaccine immunity are adopted.
4. The process for the production of sterile eggs for salmonella as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and (4) carrying out group killing on the laying hens in the infected area.
5. Process for the production of sterile eggs for Salmonella according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: sterilizing the conventional breeding area at intervals of 2-3 days, and detecting the laying hens inside the conventional breeding area once a week; disinfecting once a day for an infection interval, and detecting the laying hens inside once a day; the disinfectant adopted by the salmonella disinfection is one of glutaraldehyde disinfectant or iodine disinfectant.
6. The process for the production of sterile eggs for salmonella as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the content of the selenium-rich additive in the laying hen feed is 5-15%, and the selenium-rich additive comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of selenium-rich milk vetch powder, 20-30 parts of selenium-rich corn flour, 10-20 parts of selenium-rich soybean meal and 20-60 parts of selenium-rich common leafy herb powder.
7. The process for the production of sterile eggs for salmonella as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the content of the mould synergistic leavening in the layer feed is 10-20%, and the mould synergistic leavening comprises 15-20 parts of a microecological preparation, 10-16 parts of an enzyme preparation, 1-4 parts of a slow release agent and 60-74 parts of a carrier according to parts by weight.
8. The process for the production of sterile eggs for salmonella as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the microecological preparation comprises probiotics and oligosaccharide, and the probiotics comprise one or more of lactobacillus, bacillus cereus and bifidobacterium; the enzyme preparation is one or more of xylanase, beta-glucanase or cellulase; the sustained-release preparation is composed of an auxiliary material and a coating agent, wherein the auxiliary material is one or more of silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or ethyl cellulose, and the coating agent is one of an enteric sustained-release coating agent or a gastric sustained-release coating agent.
9. The process for the production of sterile eggs for salmonella as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method is characterized in that the salmonella on the surface of the eggs is sterilized and killed by one or more of ultraviolet lamps, ozone or disinfectants.
10. The process for the production of sterile eggs for salmonella as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the disinfectant adopted for killing the salmonella on the egg surface is one of 4-6% of hydrogen peroxide or 2.5-3.5% of biguanide hydrochloride hexanediol and phenolate.
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