CN114128824A - 一种含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液的制备方法。采用石油醚浸提红曲米粉中红曲黄色素,选用吐温60(Tween 60)和吐温80(Tween 80)作为乳化剂对红曲黄色素进行乳化,利用相转变法得到红曲黄色素纳米乳液。本发明制备的纳米乳液,平均粒径在10~15nm范围,呈现透明黄色液体外观。本发明解决了当前玉米油以及红曲黄色素难以实现水溶性、玉米油功能单一以及红曲黄色素稳定性差的问题。该法粒径分布均一,工艺简单,易于操作,重现性好,产品所用的原料广泛易得,价格低廉,节约能源,且具有一定的营养价值和明亮颜色。另外,红曲黄色素的加入还有利于玉米油的抗氧化能力和玉米油的消化,可用于功能食品、饮料等产品。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,涉及一种含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液制备方法。利用Tween 60和Tween 80复配使用作为表面活性剂,与作为油相的玉米油混合,包埋红曲黄色素,最后制备出一种含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液,具有高红曲黄色素水溶性、红曲黄色素纳米乳液和红曲黄色素均高稳定性、提高玉米油的抗氧化能力以及提高玉米油消化能力。
技术背景:
随着人们健康意识的提高,化学合成物质逐渐淘汰,天然物质成为人们关注的焦点。红曲色素,天然色素之一,是聚酮类次级代谢产物且是一种功能活性物质,在我国作为食用色素和药品使用已有千年历史,其安全、无毒的特性得到了验证。红曲色素是红曲红色素,红曲橙色素和红曲黄色素的混合物,主要成分为红曲红色素,而橙色素和黄色素含量较少。几种色素成分中,只有红曲红色素目前已实现大规模工业化生产,由于市场上对黄色素的需求占比为60%,所以红曲黄色素具有较大的开发利用潜力。
玉米油是世界人民最喜爱的食用植物油之一,因为其丰富的营养成分,如多不饱和脂肪酸(占总脂肪酸的54.7%)、植物甾醇、维生素A、维生素D和维生素E。在中国,到2020年,玉米油产量已达到1890万吨,增长率超过30%,在食品加工中有着广阔的应用前景。然而,由于其高疏水性和不兼容性,在最终的水相食品系统中添加玉米油成为最大的挑战,这对以玉米油为食材的适当吸收来平衡膳食和人类营养有着重大影响。
众所周知,红曲黄色素是常见的营养物质或生物活性物质,在食品加工、包装和储存过程中容易受到温度、光和氧气而发生降解反应,因此红曲黄色素是不能稳定储存。另外,其水溶性弱,这极大地限制了红曲黄色素在水基食品中的应用。为了克服这些挑战,已经提出包埋、抗氧化剂引入和化学修饰等几种方法,但存在操作设备相对昂贵,不能同时解决上述两个问题以及化学反应机制仍模糊,安全性不明等缺陷。为了保护红曲黄色素免受外界环境条件的影响,提高其在食物基质中的溶解度和稳定性,我们发明了一种玉米油基红曲黄色素纳米乳液来解决上述问题。实验证明,玉米油基红曲黄色素纳米乳液能够提高红曲黄色素水溶性以及稳定性,同时该乳液的抗氧化能力较任一单一成分得到很大提高,而且玉米油的消化能力也得到了一定程度的改善。
纳米乳液是胶体分散体,通过降低液相和油相之间的表面张力,使两种或多种不混相液体均质而形成。纳米乳液易于制备、粒径小、生物利用度高、生物亲和性和动力学稳定性高,是疏水化合物的理想载体,另外,纳米乳液可以保护活性物质免受环境胁迫。因此纳米乳剂已广泛应用于靶向给药、化妆品工业和食品工业等领域。
发明内容:
本发明目的是公开一种含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液的制备方法,具有高红曲黄色素水溶性、红曲黄色素纳米乳液和红曲黄色素均高稳定性、提高玉米油的抗氧化能力以及提高玉米油消化能力。
本发明先将玉米油、乳化剂和红曲黄色素混合搅拌,然后逐滴加入去离子水,然后对混合体系进行搅拌处理,利用相转变法得到红曲黄色素纳米乳液;所述玉米油、红曲黄色素、乳化剂和去离子水分别占总投料质量的1.00%、0.10~0.80%、8.00%和90.20~90.90%(wt%)。
乳化剂的比例和红曲黄色素添加量对其纳米乳剂的特性起着非常重要的作用,为其更好地发挥乳化功效,本发明先将乳化剂与玉米油混匀,再加入红曲黄色素,最后将水分子逐滴加入与之结合。突出的优点为将其乳化得更加完全,使制备出的纳米乳剂液滴分散均匀,体系稳定,具有贮存稳定性高,加工简单,成本低等特点。
进一步地,本发明所述乳化剂比例是以1:7~7:1,红曲黄色素比例为0.10~0.80%。通过实践证明,随着Tween 60的增加,纳米乳液的粒径呈现先减小再增加的特点。随着红曲黄色素的增加,红曲黄色素纳米乳液的粒径变化范围很小。选择Tween 60:Tween80为3:5~7:1和红曲黄色素含量为0.10~0.80%是通过反复试验确定的,在该比例范围内可以获得纳米级乳液且粒径较小。
更优选地,所述乳化剂比例为5:3;所述玉米油、红曲黄色素、乳化剂和去离子水分别占总投料质量的1.00%、0.20%、8.00%和90.80%(wt%);并且所述乳化剂由Tween 60和Tween 80组成,所述Tween 60占总投料质量的5.00%(wt%),所述Tween 80占总投料质量的3.00%(wt%)。可制备出稳定性高,粒径最小的红曲黄色素纳米乳液。
本发明从红曲黄色素的特点出发的,采用相转变法,使玉米油作为油相,选择Tween 60与Tween 80为乳化剂,通过低能相转变法制备玉米油基红曲黄色素纳米乳液。该体系改变了红曲黄色素的油溶性,增大其水溶性,有益于红曲黄色素的稳定性以及生物活性的利用并且赋予了玉米油亮黄色,提高了玉米油的抗氧化活性以及消化率;同时,通过低能相转变法避免了传统高能乳化法的昂贵设备以及高耗能缺点。与传统的乳液相比,纳米乳液由于其粒径较小,分散均匀,乳液稳定性大幅度提高,易于提高储存稳定性;无需任何高耗能设备,绿色环保,能够形成微小乳滴,且操作简便,操作过程容易控制,重现性好,适合大规模生产;本发明首次制备一种含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液,具有高红曲黄色素水溶性、高稳定性(红曲黄色素纳米乳液和红曲黄色素);同时该纳米乳液的抗氧化能力和玉米油的消化能力都得到了提高。
附图说明:
图1是本发明最佳实施例的玉米油基红曲黄色素纳米乳液透射电镜图。
图2是利用本发明的纳米乳液构建方法制备的玉米油基红曲黄色素纳米乳液的粒径分布图
图3是本发明最佳实施例的玉米油基红曲黄色素纳米乳液抗氧化能力图
图4是本发明最佳实施例的玉米油基红曲黄色素纳米乳液肠道模拟消化图
图5是本发明最佳实施例的玉米油基红曲黄色素纳米乳试样图
具体实施方法:
制备工艺:
实施案例1:
制备乳化剂:取0.30g Tween 60和0.50g Tween 80,经混合得到0.80g乳化剂。
将玉米油0.10g和乳化剂0.80g混合,制得乳化剂与油的混合物,然后加入红曲黄色素0.02g并在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌0.5小时;然后将9.08g去离子水逐滴加入以上混合体系中,再在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌1小时,即得含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液。
实例2:
制备乳化剂:取0.40g Tween 60和0.40g Tween 80,经混合得到0.80g乳化剂。
将玉米油0.10g和乳化剂0.80g混合,制得乳化剂与油的混合物,然后加入红曲黄色素0.02g并在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌0.5小时;然后将9.08g去离子水逐滴加入以上混合体系中,再在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌1小时,即得含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液。
实例3:
制备乳化剂:取0.50g Tween 60和0.30g Tween 80,经混合得到0.80g乳化剂。
将玉米油0.10g和乳化剂0.80g混合,制得乳化剂与油的混合物,然后加入红曲黄色素0.02g并在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌0.5小时;然后将9.08g去离子水逐滴加入以上混合体系中,再在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌1小时,即得含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液。
实例4:
制备乳化剂:取0.70g Tween 60和0.10g Tween 80,经混合得到0.80g乳化剂。
将玉米油0.10g和乳化剂0.80g混合,制得乳化剂与油的混合物,然后加入红曲黄色素0.02g并在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌0.5小时;然后将9.08g去离子水逐滴加入以上混合体系中,再在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌1小时,即得含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液。
实例5:
制备乳化剂:取0.50g Tween 60和0.30g Tween 80,经混合得到0.80g乳化剂。
将玉米油0.10g和乳化剂0.80g混合,制得乳化剂与油的混合物,然后加入红曲黄色素0.01g并在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌0.5小时;然后将9.09g去离子水逐滴加入以上混合体系中,再在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌1小时,即得含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液。
实例6:
制备乳化剂:取0.50g Tween 60和0.30g Tween 80,经混合得到0.80g乳化剂。
将玉米油0.10g和乳化剂0.80g混合,制得乳化剂与油的混合物,然后加入红曲黄色素0.04g并在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌0.5小时;然后将9.06g去离子水逐滴加入以上混合体系中,再在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌1小时,即得含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液。
实例8:
制备乳化剂:取0.50g Tween 60和0.30g Tween 80,经混合得到0.80g乳化剂。
将玉米油0.10g和乳化剂0.80g混合,制得乳化剂与油的混合物,然后加入红曲黄色素0.08g并在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌0.5小时;然后将9.02g去离子水逐滴加入以上混合体系中,再在30℃以600rpm/min搅拌1小时,即得含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液。
Claims (10)
1.一种含红曲黄色素的功能性玉米油纳米乳液制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:室温条件,石油醚与红曲米粉搅拌均匀,静置。
2.过滤,滤液进行旋转蒸发直至恒重,除去石油醚,获得红曲黄色素油树脂。
3.取步骤2制备的红曲黄色素与玉米油混合,然后加入乳化剂(Tween 60与Tween 80),搅拌均匀,获得油相。
4.将去离子水逐滴加入权利3所述油相中,搅拌,获得红曲黄色素纳米乳液。
5.根据权利要求1所述制备红曲黄色素的制备方法,其特征在于:红曲米与石油醚的比例为1:10(g/mL);静置时间为直至所过滤石油醚颜色为无色。
6.根据权利要求2所述制备红曲黄色素的制备方法,其特征在于:所述旋转蒸发仪加热温度为50℃,压力为-0.1MPa,转速为200rpm。
7.根据权利要求3所述红曲黄色素纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:红曲黄色素与玉米油混合比例为10:1~10:8(g/g)。
8.根据权利要求3所述红曲黄色素纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:Tween 60与Tween 80混合比例为3:5~7:1,所述搅拌条件为30℃,600rpm搅拌30min。
9.根据权利要求4所述红曲黄色素纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:滴加速度为1滴/s,搅拌条件为30℃,600rpm搅拌60min。
10.根据权利要求4所述红曲黄色素纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述红曲黄色素、玉米油、乳化剂(Tween 60和Tween 80)和去离子水分别占总投料质量的0.10~0.80%、1.00%、8.00%和90.20~90.90%(wt%)。
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WO1999011240A1 (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-03-11 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Carotenoid microemulsions |
CN111317091A (zh) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-23 | 江南大学 | 一种提高红曲黄色素稳定性的方法及其应用 |
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WO1999011240A1 (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-03-11 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Carotenoid microemulsions |
CN111317091A (zh) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-23 | 江南大学 | 一种提高红曲黄色素稳定性的方法及其应用 |
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