CN114127014A - 粉体及固体组合物 - Google Patents
粉体及固体组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114127014A CN114127014A CN202080049755.4A CN202080049755A CN114127014A CN 114127014 A CN114127014 A CN 114127014A CN 202080049755 A CN202080049755 A CN 202080049755A CN 114127014 A CN114127014 A CN 114127014A
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- metal oxide
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- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]O[Ti]=O GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明的粉体满足必要条件1及必要条件2。必要条件1:在‑200℃~1200℃中的至少一个温度T1下,|dA(T)/dT|满足10ppm/℃以上。A为(粉体中的晶体的a轴(短轴)的晶格常数)/(粉体中的晶体的c轴(长轴)的晶格常数),各晶格常数由上述粉体的X射线衍射测定获得。必要条件2:通过激光衍射散射法获得的体积基准累积粒径分布曲线中的、累积频率为50%的粒径D50、累积频率为10%的粒径D10、及累积频率为90%的粒径D90满足条件(I)及(II)。(I)D10/D50为0.05以上0.45以下。(II)D90为0.5μm以上70μm以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及粉体及固体组合物。
背景技术
以往,已知为了降低固体材料的线性热膨胀系数,而在显示正线性热膨胀系数的固体材料中添加显示负线性热膨胀系数的固体材料。
例如,专利文献1公开了作为显示负线性热膨胀系数的材料的磷酸钨酸锆。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2018-2577号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而,在以往的材料中,未必能充分降低线性热膨胀系数。
另外,膜状材料可以通过例如涂布油墨等组合物来形成。这样的组合物要求涂布性优异。
本发明鉴于上述事实而成,其目的在于提供一种可形成热膨胀控制特性优异并且涂布性优异的组合物的粉体,及使用其的固体组合物。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人等进行了各种研究,结果完成了本发明。即,本发明提供下述发明。
本发明涉及的粉体满足以下必要条件1及必要条件2。
必要条件1:在-200℃~1200℃中的至少一个温度T1下,|dA(T)/dT|满足10ppm/℃以上。
A为(上述粉体中的晶体的a轴(短轴)的晶格常数)/(上述粉体中的晶体的c轴(长轴)的晶格常数),各上述晶格常数由上述粉体的X射线衍射测定获得。
必要条件2:通过激光衍射散射法获得的体积基准累积粒径分布曲线中的、累积频率为50%的粒径D50、累积频率为10%的粒径D10及累积频率为90%的粒径D90满足下述条件(I)及(II)。
(I)D10相对D50之比(D10/D50)为0.05以上0.45以下。
(II)D90为0.5μm以上70μm以下。
上述粉体可以为金属氧化物粉。
上述金属氧化物粉可以为含有具有d电子的金属的金属氧化物粉。
上述金属氧化物粉可以为含有钛的金属氧化物粉。
上述含有钛的金属氧化物粉可以为TiOx(x=1.30~1.66)粉。
D50可以为0.5μm以上60μm以下。
本发明涉及的固体组合物包含上述粉体和第一材料。
上述第一材料可以为选自由树脂、碱金属硅酸盐、陶瓷及金属组成的组中的至少1种。
发明的效果
根据本发明,可以提供一种可形成热膨胀控制特性优异并且涂布性优异的组合物的粉体,及使用其的固体组合物。
附图说明
[图1]图1为表示比较例1的粉体中的a轴长/c轴长与温度T的关系的图。
[图2]图2为实施例1~3及比较例1~2的涂布性评价有关的图。
[图3]图3为表示实施例1的粉体的粒径分布的图。
[图4]图4为表示实施例3的粉体的粒径分布的图。
[图5]图5为表示比较例1的粉体的粒径分布的图。
[图6]图6为表示比较例2的粉体的粒径分布的图。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的优选的实施方式进行详细说明。但是,本发明并不限定于以下实施方式。
<粉体>
本发明涉及的粉体满足以下必要条件1及必要条件2。
必要条件1:在-200℃~1200℃中的至少一个温度T1下,|dA(T)/dT|满足10ppm/℃以上。
A为(上述粉体中的晶体的a轴(短轴)的晶格常数)/(上述粉体中的晶体的c轴(长轴)的晶格常数),各上述晶格常数由上述粉体的X射线衍射测定获得。
必要条件2:通过激光衍射散射法获得的体积基准累积粒径分布曲线中的、累积频率为50%的粒径D50、累积频率为10%的粒径D10及累积频率为90%的粒径D90满足下述条件(I)及(II)。
(I)D10相对D50之比(D10/D50)为0.05以上0.45以下。
(II)D90为0.5μm以上70μm以下。
A的定义中的晶格常数根据粉末X射线衍射测定而特定。作为分析法,有Rietveld法、或利用最小二乘拟合的分析。
在本说明书中,在利用粉末X射线衍射测定特定的晶体结构中,将对应于最小晶格常数的轴设为a轴,将对应于最大晶格常数的轴设为c轴。将晶格的a轴的长度和c轴的长度分别设为a轴长、c轴长。
A(T)为表示晶轴的长度的各向异性的大小的参数,为温度T(单位为℃)的函数。A(T)的值越大,则a轴长相对于c轴长越大;A的值越小,则a轴长相对于c轴长越小。
此处,|dA(T)/dT|表示dA(T)/dT的绝对值,dA(T)/dT表示A(T)对T(温度)导数。
此处,在本说明书中,|dA(T)/dT|由下式来定义。
|dA(T)/dT|=|A(T+50)-A(T)|/50…(D)
如上所述,本实施方式涉及的粉体需要在-200℃~1200℃中的至少一个温度T1下,|dA(T)/dT|满足10ppm/℃以上。其中,|dA(T)/dT|在粉体以固体状态存在的范围内定义。因此,(D)式中的T的最高温度不超过较粉体的熔点低50℃的温度。即,当附加了“-200℃~1200℃中的至少一个温度T1”的限定时,(D)式中的T的温度范围成为-200~1150℃。
在-200℃~1200℃中的至少一个温度T1下,|dA(T)/dT|优选为20ppm/℃以上,更优选为30ppm/℃以上。|dA(T)/dT|的上限优选为1000ppm/℃以下,更优选为500ppm/℃以下。
关于在至少一个温度T1下|dA(T)/dT|的值为10ppm/℃以上,是指温度变化所伴随的晶体结构的各向异性的变化较大。
在至少一个温度T1下,dA(T)/dT可以为正也可以为负,但优选为负。
根据粉体中的晶体的种类,有在某一温度范围内晶体结构因结构相转移而发生变化的粉体。在本说明书中,在某一温度下的晶体结构中,将晶格常数最大的轴设为c轴,将晶格常数最小的轴设为a轴。在三斜晶系、单斜晶系、正交晶系、四方晶系、六方晶系、菱形晶系中的任一晶系中,关于a轴、c轴也设为上述定义。
将利用激光衍射散射法的体积基准累积粒径分布曲线的测定方法示于以下。
作为预处理,对粉体1重量份添加水99重量份进行稀释,利用超声波清洗机进行超声波处理。超声波处理时间设为10分钟。作为超声波清洗机,可使用日本精机制作所制造的NS200-6U。作为超声波的频率,于28kHz左右实施。
关于测定,利用激光衍射散射法,对体积基准的粒径分布进行测定。例如,可使用Malvern Instruments Ltd.制造的激光衍射式粒度分布测定装置Mastersizer 2000。
在粉体为Ti2O3粉的情况下,可将Ti2O3粒子的折射率设为2.40进行测定。
在本说明书中,在体积基准累积粒径分布曲线中,从粒径较小者计算累积频率,将累积频率为10%的粒径设为D10,将累积频率为50%的粒径设为D50,将累积频率为90%的粒径设为D90。
如上所述,在本实施方式的粉体中,D10/D50需要为0.05以上0.45以下。D10/D50优选为0.10以上,更优选为0.20以上。D10/D50优选为0.44以下,更优选为0.43以下。若D10/D50为这样的范围,则热膨胀抑制特性提高。若D10/D50为0.05以上,则容易保持混合于树脂等基质材料时的均匀分散性。
认为D10/D50越小,表示粉体中的粒径的差异越大;D10/D50越大,表示粉体中的粒径的差异越小。本发明人等推测这样的差异与D90的值的组合会影响线性热膨胀系数的控制特性。
如上所述,在本实施方式的粉体中,D90需要为0.5μm以上70μm以下。D90优选为0.6μm以上,更优选为0.7μm以上。D90优选为60μm以下,更优选为40μm以下。若D90为这样的范围,则涂布性提高。若D90为0.5μm以上,则不易形成凝聚粒,容易提高与树脂等基质材料混练时的均匀性。
D50优选为0.5μm以上60μm以下。若D50为60μm以下,则倾向于涂布性容易提高。若D50为0.5μm以上,则不易形成凝聚粒,容易提高与树脂等基质材料混练时的均匀性。D50更优选为40μm以下,进一步优选为30μm以下,特别优选为20μm以下。
本实施方式涉及的粉体的BET比表面积优选为0.1m2/g以上5.0m2/g以下,更优选为0.2m2/g以上4.5m2/g以下,进一步优选为0.22m2/g以上3.0m2/g以下。若粉体的BET比表面积为这样的范围,则容易保持混合于树脂等基质材料时的均匀性分散性。
将BET比表面积的测定方法示于以下。
在氮气气氛中,于200℃下干燥30分钟作为预处理后实施测定。作为测定法,使用BET流动法。作为测定条件,使用氮气及氦气的混合气体。以混合气体中的氮气的比率设为30体积%,混合气体中的氦气的比例为70体积%实施。作为测定装置,例如可使用BET比表面积测定装置Macsorb HM-1201(Mountech公司制造)。
粉体优选为氧化物粉。特别是,粉体更优选为金属氧化物粉。金属氧化物粉可含有多种金属。
作为金属氧化物粉,没有特别限定,但优选含有具有d电子的金属的金属氧化物粉,更优选含有仅具有d电子中的3d电子的金属的金属氧化物粉。
作为含有具有d电子的金属的金属氧化物粉,没有特别限定,例如可举出含有Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo的金属氧化物粉。
作为含有仅具有d电子中的3d电子的金属的金属氧化物粉,例如可列举含有Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu的金属氧化物粉。其中,从资源性的观点考虑,优选含有钛的金属氧化物粉。
更具体而言,含有钛的金属氧化物粉优选以TiOx(x=1.30~1.66)作为组成式所表示的粉体,进一步优选以TiOx(x=1.40~1.60)作为组成式所表示的粉体。在TiOx中,Ti原子的一部分可被其他元素取代置换。
另外,含有钛的金属氧化物粉除TiOx粉以外,也可以为LaTiO3这样的包含钛及钛以外的金属原子的氧化物粉。
作为构成粉体的粒子的晶体结构,优选具有钙钛矿结构或钢玉结构,更优选具有钢玉结构。
作为晶系,没有特别限定,优选菱形晶系。作为空间群,优选归属于R-3c。
在粉体为金属氧化物粉的情况下,-200℃~1200℃中的|dA(T)/dT|在至少一个温度下为10ppm/℃以上。
在粉体为含有具有d电子的金属的金属氧化物粉的情况下,优选-100℃~1000℃中的|dA(T)/dT|在至少一个温度下为10ppm/℃以上。
在粉体为含有仅具有d电子中的3d电子的金属的金属氧化物粉的情况下,优选-100℃~800℃中的|dA(T)/dT|在至少一个温度下为10ppm/℃以上。
在粉体为TiOx(x=1.30~1.66)的情况下,优选0℃~500℃中的|dA(T)/dT|在至少一个温度下为10ppm/℃以上。
<固体组合物>
本实施方式涉及的固体组合物包含本实施方式涉及的粉体和第一材料。
[第一材料]
作为第一材料,没有特别限定,可列举树脂、碱金属硅酸盐、陶瓷、金属等。第一材料可以为使上述粉体彼此粘合的粘合剂材料、或将上述粉体以分散状态保持的基质材料。
树脂的例子为热塑性树脂及热固性树脂。
热固性树脂的例子为环氧树脂、氧杂环丁烷树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、醇酸树脂、酚醛树脂(酚醛清漆树脂novolac resin、甲阶酚醛树脂resol resin等)、丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、有机硅树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂及三聚氰胺树脂等。
热塑性树脂的例子为聚烯烃(聚乙烯、聚丙烯等)、ABS树脂、聚酰胺(尼龙6、尼龙6,6等)、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)、液晶性树脂、聚苯醚、聚缩醛、聚碳酸酯、聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚酮、聚苯乙烯及聚醚醚酮。
第一材料可以包含1种上述树脂,也可以包含2种以上。
从可以提高耐热性的观点考虑,第一材料优选环氧树脂、聚醚砜、液晶聚合物、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、有机硅。
作为碱金属硅酸盐,可列举硅酸锂、硅酸钠、硅酸钾。第一材料可以包含1种碱金属硅酸盐,也可以包含2种以上。这些材料因耐热性较高而优选。
作为陶瓷,没有特别限定,可列举氧化铝、二氧化硅(包括氧化硅、二氧化硅玻璃)、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化镁、氧化铈、氧化钇、氧化锌、氧化铁等氧化物系陶瓷;氮化硅、氮化钛、氮化硼等氮化物系陶瓷;碳化硅、碳酸钙、硫酸铝、硫酸钡、氢氧化铝、钛酸钾、滑石、高岭土、高岭石、多水高岭土、叶蜡石、蒙脱石、绢云母、云母、镁绿泥石、膨润土、石棉、沸石、硅酸钙、硅酸镁、硅藻土、硅砂等陶瓷。第一材料可以包含1种陶瓷,也可以包含2种以上。
陶瓷因可提高耐热性而优选。可通过放电等离子烧结等来制作烧结体。
作为金属,没有特别限定,可列举铝、钽、铌、钛、钼、铁、镍、钴、铬、铜、银、金、铂、铅、锡、钨等金属单质;不锈钢(SUS)等合金;及它们的混合物。第一材料可以包含1种金属,也可以包含2种以上。这样的金属因可提高耐热性而优选。
[其他成分]
本实施方式的固体组合物也可以包含第一材料及粉体以外的其他成分。例如可列举催化剂。作为催化剂,没有特别限定,可列举酸性化合物、碱性化合物、有机金属化合物等。作为酸性化合物,可使用盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、磷酸、甲酸、乙酸、草酸等酸。作为碱性化合物,可使用氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵等。作为有机金属化合物催化剂,可举出包含铝、锆、锡、钛、锌的有机金属化合物催化剂等。
固体组合物中的粉体的含量例如可设为1重量%以上。固体组合物中的粉体的含量可以为3重量%以上,可以为5重量%以上,可以为10重量%以上,可以为20重量%以上,可以为40重量%以上,可以为70重量%以上。固体组合物中的粉体的含量例如可设为99重量%以下。固体组合物中的粉体的含量可以为95重量%以下,可以为90重量%以下。若粉体的含量在这样的范围内,则容易发挥降低线性热膨胀系数的效果。
固体组合物中的第一材料的含量例如可设为1重量%以上。固体组合物中的第一材料的含量可以为5重量%以上,可以为10重量%以上。固体组合物中的第一材料的含量例如可设为99重量%以下。固体组合物中的第一材料的含量可以为97重量%以下,可以为95重量%以下,可以为90重量%以下,可以为80重量%以下,可以为60重量%以下,可以为30重量%以下。
本发明人等发现,在必要条件1、即根据温度变化而晶格大小大幅度地发生各向异性变化的粉体中,若具备必要条件2,则可兼具热膨胀控制特性和涂布性。
根据本实施方式的粉体,可以充分降低使用该粉体的固体组合物的线性热膨胀系数。根据本实施方式的粉体,可形成涂布性优异的油墨组合物。由使用本实施方式的粉体的油墨组合物形成的固体组合物具有充分低的线性热膨胀系数,并且减少了存在缺墨处等涂布所引起的缺陷。
本实施方式涉及的固体组合物通过包含本实施方式涉及的粉体,从而具有充分低的线性热膨胀系数,并且减少了涂布所引起的缺陷。
根据本实施方式涉及的粉体及固体组合物,可以获得温度变化时的尺寸变化非常少的构件。因此,可优选利用于对温度所致尺寸变化特别敏感的光学构件或半导体制造装置用构件。
另外,根据本实施方式涉及的粉体及固体组合物,也可以获得具有负线性热膨胀系数的固体材料。所谓具有负线性热膨胀系数,是指体积随热线膨胀而收缩。对于在具有负线性热膨胀系数的固体组合物的板的端面(侧面)上接合有具有正线性热膨胀系数的其他材料的板的端面而成的板,能够使板整体中的与厚度方向正交的方向上的线性热膨胀系数实质上为零。
<粉体的制造方法>
本实施方式涉及的粉体的制造方法没有特别限定,例如可通过在利用烧成等处理准备原料粉后,对获得的粉体的粒径分布进行调整而制造。
粉体的粒径分布例如可通过筛分、粉碎等操作进行调整。以下,对将原料粉粉碎来调整粒径分布的情况下的粉碎工序的一例进行说明。
[粉碎工序]
粉碎工序例如可以为利用球磨机、行星式球磨机、珠磨机等将原料粉粉碎的工序。
在粉碎工序中,例如使用具备粉碎容器和旋转体的介质搅拌型粉碎机,通过珠粒将粉体粉碎。粉体优选在分散介质的存在下被粉碎。通过使用分散介质,可润湿粉体的粒子表面而削弱粒子彼此的相互作用。由此,可以抑制粉体的凝聚及粉体对粉碎容器、珠粒或旋转体的附着。
上述旋转体为利用旋转运动将动能直接传递给珠粒的部分。在珠磨机或磨碎机等介质搅拌式研磨机中,旋转体是由轴和臂组成的搅拌叶片。在使球磨机等粉碎容器自身自转和/或公转而使内容物的粉体和珠粒流动的旋转圆筒式球磨机中,旋转体为粉碎容器。
在一个实施方式中,旋转体为搅拌叶片。
珠粒为用于将粉体粉碎的粉碎介质。有时将平均粒径较大的粉碎介质称为球,但在本说明书中,不论平均粒径均将固体粉碎介质称为珠粒。珠粒通过粉碎机的粉碎容器自身的旋转或臂附带的轴的旋转等,在粉碎容器内高速流动而碰撞粉体。由此,粉体被破碎,可获得平均粒径更小的粉体。
从减少珠粒的磨耗所引起的杂质的混入的观点考虑,珠粒的形状优选球状或椭圆体状。
珠粒的直径优选大于粉碎后的粉体的平均粒径。通过使用这样的珠粒,可对粉体施加较大的粉碎能。由此,认为可在短时间内有效率地获得目标粉体。此处,珠粒的直径是指珠粒的平均粒径。
珠粒的直径例如为0.03mm~2mm。若珠粒的直径为该范围,则认为可以有效地降低D90的值,容易提高涂布性。加入粉碎容器中的珠粒的直径可以均匀,也可以不同。
作为珠粒的材质,例如可列举玻璃、玛瑙、氧化铝、氧化锆、不锈钢、铬钢、碳化钨、碳化硅及氮化硅。认为根据这些材质的珠粒,可有效地粉碎粉体。其中,从由于具有相对较高的硬度因此不易磨耗,及由于比重相对较大因此可获得较大的粉碎能的方面考虑,优选氧化锆。
在粉碎工序中,粉体的质量与珠粒的质量之比((粉体的质量)/(珠粒的质量))没有特别限定,例如可设为0.02~0.10。粉体的质量与珠粒的质量之比优选为0.02~0.09,更优选为0.02~0.06。若粉体的质量与珠粒的质量之比为该范围,则认为可以有效地降低D90的值。
旋转体的周速度没有特别限定,通常为0.5~10m/s。
珠粒的填充率优选为介质搅拌型粉碎机所具备的粉碎容器的容积的10体积%以上74体积%以下。
在使用分散介质的情况下,例如可使用水、有机溶剂等液体分散介质。有机溶剂可任选地含有水。作为有机溶剂,例如可列举醇溶剂、醚溶剂、酮溶剂、二醇溶剂、烃系溶剂及非质子性极性溶剂。
从抑制粉体的再凝聚的观点考虑,粉碎时间优选为0.01小时~10小时,更优选为0.01小时~5小时,进一步优选为0.01小时~2小时。
从容易获得满足上述必要条件2的粉体的观点考虑,粉碎时间例如可以为0.1~1小时,也可以为0.1~0.5小时。
通过改变粉碎时间,可控制粉体的粒径分布。例如,存在通过在0.17小时~1小时的范围内改变粉碎时间,对粒径分布进行微调整,从而可将使用粉体制作的组合物的线性热膨胀系数控制在-40ppm/℃~0ppm/℃的程度的情况。
粉体的粒径分布也可通过改变旋转速度进行调整。例如,存在通过在100rpm~1500rpm的范围内控制转速,对粒径分布进行微调整,从而可将使用粉体制作的组合物的线性热膨胀系数控制在-40ppm/℃~0ppm/℃的程度的情况。
由于伴随着粉碎会进行发热,故粉碎装置的运转中,优选对粉碎容器进行冷却以使粉碎容器的内部维持为特定的温度范围。
在使用分散介质的湿式粉碎中,优选粉碎容器内的温度充分高于分散介质的熔点,且充分低于分散介质的沸点。
在粉碎工序中,粉碎容器内的温度优选为0℃~100℃,更优选为5℃~50℃。
在粉碎工序之后,使用过滤器等将珠粒与粉体及分散介质分离。
<固体组合物的制造方法>
固体组合物的制造方法没有特别限制。
例如,在将粉体和第一材料的原料混合获得混合物后,通过将混合物中的第一材料的原料转化为第一材料,可制造将粉体与第一材料复合化而成的固体组合物。
例如,在第一材料为树脂或碱金属硅酸盐的情况下,通过制备包含溶剂、树脂或碱金属硅酸盐和粉体的混合物,并从混合物除去溶剂,从而可获得包含粉体和第一材料的固体组合物。溶剂的除去方法可应用通过自然干燥、真空干燥、加热等使溶剂蒸发的方法。从抑制产生粗大气泡的观点考虑,优选在除去溶剂时,在将混合物的温度维持在溶剂的沸点以下的同时,除去溶剂。
第一材料为树脂的情况下的溶剂例如为醇溶剂、醚溶剂、酮溶剂、二醇溶剂、烃溶剂、非质子性极性溶剂等有机溶剂;水。另外,为碱金属硅酸盐的情况下的溶剂例如为水。
另外,树脂为固化性树脂的情况下,优选在除去溶剂后,进行混合物中的树脂的交联处理。具体而言,可以将除去了溶剂的混合物加热至溶剂的沸点以上,或者对除去了溶剂的混合物进行紫外线等能量线的照射等即可。另外,在为碱金属硅酸盐的情况下,可以在除去溶剂后,通过进一步加热而进行固化处理。
另外,在第一材料为陶瓷或金属的情况下,通过制备第一材料的原料粉和粉体的混合物,并对混合物进行热处理来烧结第一材料的原料粉,从而可获得包含作为烧结体的第一材料和粉体的固体组合物。根据需要,可通过退火等热处理而进行固体组合物的细孔调整。作为烧结方法,可采用通常的加热、热压、放电等离子烧结等方法。
所谓放电等离子烧结,是在对第一材料的原料粉和粉体的混合物进行加压的同时,向混合物通脉冲电流。由此,可在第一材料的原料粉间产生放电,加热第一材料的原料粉而使其烧结。
为了防止获得的化合物与空气接触而变质,等离子烧结工序优选在氩气、氮气、真空等非活性气氛下进行。
等离子烧结工序中的加压压力优选大于0MPa且为100MPa以下的范围。为了获得高密度的第一材料,等离子烧结工序中的加压压力优选设为10MPa以上,更优选设为30MPa以上。
等离子烧结工序的加热温度优选充分低于作为目标物的第一材料的熔点。
另外,若在基板上涂布混合物,然后进行溶剂的除去或烧结,则可获得片状固体组合物。另外,若在模具内供给混合物,然后进行溶剂的除去/烧结,则可获得与模具形状对应的任意形状的固体组合物。
进而,通过获得的固体组合物的热处理,可进行细孔的大小或分布等的调整。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明。
<粉体的晶体结构分析>
作为晶体结构的分析,使用粉末X射线衍射测定装置SmartLab(Rigaku公司制造),在下述条件下改变温度而对粉体进行粉末X射线衍射测定,获得粉末X射线衍射图。基于获得的图像,使用PDXL2(Rigaku公司制造)软件,利用最小二乘法进行晶格常数的精修,求出2个晶格常数,即a轴长及c轴长。
测定装置:粉末X射线衍射测定装置SmartLab(Rigaku制)
X射线发生器:CuKα射线源电压45kV、电流200mA
狭缝:狭缝宽度2mm
扫描步长:0.02deg
扫描范围:5-80deg
扫描速度:10deg/min
X射线检测器:一维半导体检测器
测定气氛:Ar 100mL/min
试样台:专用玻璃基板SiO2制
[a轴长和c轴长的根据温度的变化]
对于比较例1的粉体,分别在25℃、100℃、150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃及400℃下进行X射线衍射测定。其结果,比较例1的粉体归属于钢玉结构的Ti2O3,空间群为R-3c。将上述各温度下的a轴长、c轴长及a轴长相对c轴长之比(a轴长/c轴长)汇总于表1。另外,将a轴长/c轴长与温度T的关系、即A(T)示于图1。
[表1]
使用获得的a轴长和c轴长,利用以下(D)式,求出T1=150℃下的|dA(T)/dT|,结果为49ppm/℃。另外,dA(T)/dT为负。
|dA(T)/dT|=|A(T+50)-A(T)|/50…(D)
对于实施例1~3的粉体,在150℃及200下进行X射线衍射测定,由晶格常数的值算出T1=150℃下的dA(T)/dT。
实施例1的T1=150℃下的dA(T)/dT=(A(T+50)-A(T))/50为-44ppm/℃。另外,在T1=150℃下,|dA(T)/dT|为44ppm/℃。
实施例2的T1=150℃下的dA(T)/dT=(A(T+50)-A(T))/50为-42ppm/℃。另外,在T1=150℃下,|dA(T)/dT|为42ppm/℃。
实施例3的T1=150℃下的dA(T)/dT=(A(T+50)-A(T))/50为-45ppm/℃。另外,在T1=150℃下,|dA(T)/dT|为45ppm/℃。
由实施例1~3、及比较例1的结果,可推测在下述粉碎中,a轴长及c轴长未发生较大变化。由此,推测比较例2的粉体的T1=150℃下的dA(T)/dT=(A(T+50)-A(T))/50为负,并且|dA(T)/dT|至少为10ppm/℃以上。
另外,实施例1~3及比较例2的粉体均归属于钢玉结构的Ti2O3,空间群为R-3c。
<粉体的粒径分布测定>
通过以下方法对粒径分布进行测定。
预处理:对粉体1重量份添加水99重量份进行稀释,利用超声波清洗机进行超声波处理。超声波处理时间设为10分钟,作为超声波清洗机,使用日本精机制作所制造的NS200-6U。作为超声波的频率,于约28kHz下实施。
测定:利用激光衍射散射法测定体积基准的粒径分布。
测定条件:将Ti2O3粒子的折射率设为2.40。
测定装置:Malvern Instruments Ltd.制激光衍射式粒度分布测定装置Mastersizer 2000
根据由此得的体积基准累积粒径分布曲线,从粒径较小者开始计算而算出累积频率为50%的粒径D50、累积频率为10%的粒径D10及累积频率为90%的粒径D90。另外,根据D10及D50,算出D10相对D50之比(D10/D50)。
<BET比表面积的测定>
通过以下方法对BET比表面积进行测定。
预处理:在氮气气氛中,于200℃下进行干燥30分钟。
测定:通过BET流动法进行测定。
测定条件:使用氮气及氦气的混合气体。以混合气体中的氮气的比例为30体积%,混合气体中的氦气的比例为70体积%进行实施。
测定装置:BET比表面积测定装置Macsorb HM-1201(Mountech公司制造)
<热膨胀控制特性的评价>
通过以下方法对热膨胀控制特性进行评价。
通过添加粉体80重量份、富士化学公司制造的一号硅酸钠20重量份及纯水10重量份进行混合而获得混合物。
将所得的混合物加入聚四氟乙烯制的铸模中,按照以下的固化曲线使其固化。
用15分钟升温至80℃,在80℃保持20分钟,然后用20分钟升温至150℃,在150℃保持60分钟。
进而,然后升温至320℃并保持10分钟,进行降温处理,由以上工序获得固体组合物。
使用以下装置测定所得固体组合物的线性热膨胀系数。
测定装置:Thermo plus EVO2 TMA系列Thermo plus 8310
温度范围:设定为25℃-320℃,算出190-210℃下的线性热膨胀系数的值作为代表值。
参考固体:氧化铝
作为固体组合物的测定试样的典型大小,设为15mm×4mm×4mm。
对于15mm×4mm×4mm的固体组合物,将最长边作为试样长度L而测定温度T下的试样长度L(T)。利用下述式算出相对于30℃的试样长度(L(30℃)而言的尺寸变化率ΔL(T)/L(30℃)。
ΔL(T)/L(30℃)=(L(T)-L(30℃))/L(30℃)
在190℃-210℃的温度范围内,求出尺寸变化率ΔL(T)/L(30℃),利用下述式算出190℃-210℃下的线性热膨胀系数α(1/℃)。
α(1/℃)=(ΔL(210℃)-ΔL(190℃))/(L(30℃)×20℃)
将线性热膨胀系数的值为6.0ppm/℃以下的情况,评价热膨胀控制特性为良好。
<涂布性的评价>
通过以下方法对涂布性进行评价。
对50重量份的粉体添加富士化学公司制造的一号硅酸钠50重量份,制作混合物。使用深度100μm的粒度计(Nippon Cedars Service公司制造),将获得的混合物涂布于基材。以目视确认涂布后的状态,将粒度计刻度的80~100μm的范围内无缺墨处的判定为“A”,将粒度计刻度的80~100μm的范围内有缺墨处的判定为“B”。涂布后的状态如图2所示。
<实施例1>
按照以下条件,利用珠磨机将Ti2O3粉(高纯度化学公司制造,150μmPass,纯度99.9%)粉碎,获得粉体。
粉碎条件:使用AIMEX株式会社制造的间歇式Ready Mill(RMB-08)作为珠磨机。使用800cm3的容器,在1348rpm、周速度5m/s的条件下进行粉碎。使用粒径1mm的ZrO2珠粒,以水217g、ZrO2613 g、Ti2O3(高纯度化学公司制造,150μmPass,24.9g)的比例进行混合,并粉碎10分钟。将所得粉体的粒径分布示于图3。体积基准累积粒径分布曲线可通过将图3所示的粒径分布换算为累积粒径分布曲线而获得。
<实施例2>
除将粉碎时间设为20分钟以外,以与实施例1相同的方法,制作实施例2的粉体。
<实施例3>
除将粉碎时间设为40分钟以外,以与实施例1相同的方法,制作实施例3的粉体。将所得粉体的粒径分布示于图4。体积基准累积粒径分布曲线可通过将图4所示的粒径分布换算为累积粒径分布曲线而获得。
<比较例1>
将Ti2O3粉(高纯度化学公司制造,150μmPass,纯度99.9%)作为比较例1的粉体。将所得粉体的粒径分布示于图5。体积基准累积粒径分布曲线可通过将图5所示的粒径分布换算为累积粒径分布曲线而获得。
<比较例2>
除将粉碎时间设为60分钟以外,以与实施例1相同的方法,制作比较例2的粉体。将所得粉体的粒径分布示于图6。体积基准累积粒径分布曲线可通过将图6所示的粒径分布换算为累积粒径分布曲线而获得。
将所得实施例、比较例的结果汇总于表2。
[表2]
确认了实施例的粉体可形成热膨胀控制特性优异并且涂布性优异的组合物。
Claims (8)
1.一种粉体,其满足以下必要条件1及必要条件2,
必要条件1:在-200℃~1200℃中的至少一个温度T1下,|dA(T)/dT|满足10ppm/℃以上,
A为(所述粉体中的晶体的a轴、即短轴的晶格常数)/(所述粉体中的晶体的c轴、即长轴的晶格常数),各所述晶格常数由所述粉体的X射线衍射测定获得;
必要条件2:通过激光衍射散射法获得的体积基准累积粒径分布曲线中的、累积频率为50%的粒径D50、累积频率为10%的粒径D10及累积频率为90%的粒径D90满足下述条件(I)及(II),
(I)D10相对D50之比、即D10/D50为0.05以上0.45以下,
(II)D90为0.5μm以上70μm以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粉体,其为金属氧化物粉。
3.根据权利要求2所述的粉体,其中,所述金属氧化物粉为含有具有d电子的金属的金属氧化物粉。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的粉体,其中,所述金属氧化物粉为含有钛的金属氧化物粉。
5.根据权利要求4所述的粉体,其中,所述含有钛的金属氧化物粉为TiOx粉,其中,x=1.30~1.66。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的粉体,其中,D50为0.5μm以上60μm以下。
7.一种固体组合物,其包含权利要求1~6中任一项所述的粉体及第一材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的固体组合物,其中,所述第一材料为选自由树脂、碱金属硅酸盐、陶瓷及金属组成的组中的至少1种。
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US6066585A (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2000-05-23 | Emerson Electric Co. | Ceramics having negative coefficient of thermal expansion, method of making such ceramics, and parts made from such ceramics |
CN1946653A (zh) * | 2004-04-28 | 2007-04-11 | 王世来股份有限公司 | 钛酸铝镁结晶构造体及其制备方法 |
JP2007270099A (ja) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-18 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 半導体発光素子封止用組成物 |
CN102264669A (zh) * | 2008-12-25 | 2011-11-30 | 住友化学株式会社 | 钛酸铝系烧成体的制造方法 |
WO2018173553A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 塗布膜、塗布膜の製造方法及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
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