CN114106216A - 一种透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种透明质酸‑虾青素纳米复合物及其制备方法与应用,属于海洋药物技术领域。制备方法包括以下步骤:将透明质酸加入二甲基亚砜中,超声搅拌使溶解保护气氛下加入EDC和NHS,室温搅拌10min,加入乙二胺,发生交联反应,透析、冷冻干燥后得到乙二胺化透明质酸,将所述乙二胺化透明质酸溶解于缓冲溶液中,之后加入虾青素,在保护气氛下加热搅拌,透析、冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸‑虾青素纳米复合物。该方法通过乙二胺进行共价键键合,亲水的透明质酸将虾青素包裹在纳米复合物的内部,解决了虾青素易氧化、水溶性差和对热、酸不稳定的难题,并且该纳米复合物在体内无溶血毒性,在生理状态下分散性和稳定性较好,制备方法简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物及其制备方法与应用,属于海洋药物技术领域。
背景技术
虾青素(AST)为酮式类胡萝卜素,广泛存在于自然界,如大多数甲壳类动物和鲑科鱼类体内,植物的叶、花、果,以及火烈鸟的羽毛中等,已被证实具有极强的抗氧化能力,具有多种生理功效,如在抗氧化性、抗肿瘤、预防癌症、增强免疫力、改善视力等方面都有一定的效果,且安全有效。但是虾青素为疏水性的物质,水溶性差,易受环境中氧气的影响被氧化,且对光和热敏感,因此短时间内易遭到破坏,影响虾青素的开发利用。
现有技术中为了解决上述问题,通常是制备虾青素载体,例如利用生物大分子螯合剂或者有机溶剂溶解,但是生物大分子螯合剂结构复杂对虾青素的保护作用并不理想,而有机溶剂往往易挥发,会造成物质的不稳定性。
透明质酸(HA)是一种酸性粘多糖,广泛存在于结缔组织、上皮组织和神经组织中,透明质酸不含硫,并在细胞膜而非高基氏体中形成,其相对分子质量可达106量级,它的透明质分子能携带500倍以上的水分,具备亲水性,为当今公认的最佳保湿成分,所以目前被广泛应用于化妆品中。
若能将透明质酸与虾青素结合,不仅可以改善虾青素生物利用率低、不稳定的问题,还可以拓宽透明质酸的应用领域,使其不再仅仅局限于涂抹式化妆品或药品中。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物及其制备方法与应用,利用亲水的透明质酸将虾青素包裹在内部,有效解决了虾青素不稳定的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供了一种透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物的制备方法,通过对虾青素进行稳态化处理,提高其在体内的生物利用度和靶向递送效率,包括以下步骤:
将交联剂和透明质酸加入二甲基亚砜中,保护气氛下加入乙二胺发生交联反应,透析、冷冻干燥后得到乙二胺化透明质酸,将所述乙二胺化透明质酸溶解于缓冲溶液中,之后加入虾青素,在保护气氛下加热搅拌,透析、冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物。
进一步地,所述虾青素用乙醇、二氧六环或四氢呋喃溶解。
进一步地,所述交联剂为N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺。
进一步地,所述乙二胺化透明质酸和虾青素的摩尔比为(0.5-5):1,所述透明质酸与乙二胺的摩尔比为(10-20):1,所述交联剂与透明质酸的摩尔比为1:2。
进一步地,所述交联剂为N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、过氧化二异丙苯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化苯甲酰和2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述交联反应的反应温度为30-80℃,反应时间为2-5d。
进一步地,所述缓冲溶液为醋酸盐缓冲溶液,pH值为5.0。
进一步地,所述透析的截留分子量为3500Da。
本发明还提供了一种所述制备方法制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物,所述纳米复合物在体内无溶血毒性,在生理状态下分散性和稳定性较好,粒径为150-260nm,水合粒径为150-350nm,Zeta电位为-10.6~-5.6mV。
本发明还提供了所述的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物在保健品、医药、化妆品、食品添加剂和水产养殖领域的应用。
本发明还提供了所述的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物在制备治疗结肠炎药物中的应用。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
透明质酸和虾青素不易直接进行共价结合反应,而乙二胺既能和透明质酸反应,也能和虾青素反应,并且对反应产物活性影响较小。并且虾青素不稳定,易氧化,水溶性差,通过乙二胺将透明质酸和虾青素连接在一起生成共价化合物,在水相体系中,共价化合物通过自组装形成纳米复合物,亲水性的透明质酸将疏水的虾青素包裹起来,提高了虾青素的稳定性。
1)本发明以透明质酸和虾青素为原料,通过乙二胺进行共价键键合,来制备透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物,在水相体系中通过自组装过程构建得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物,亲水的透明质酸将虾青素包裹在纳米复合物的内部,解决了虾青素易氧化、水溶性差和对热、酸不稳定的难题,提高了其在体内的生物利用度,利用透明质酸良好的水溶性和生物活性,虾青素的抗氧化、抗炎等活性,二者起到协同作用,使该复合纳米体系具有生物相容性好,无细胞毒性的特点,可以被应用于保健品、医药、化妆品、食品添加剂和水产养殖领域或者治疗炎症相关疾病药物中,从而拓宽了透明质酸的应用。
2)本发明的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物在体内无溶血毒性,在生理状态下分散性和稳定性较好,粒径为150-260nm,水合粒径为150-350nm,Zeta电位为-10.6±1.0mV~-5.6±1.0mV。
3)本发明透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物的制备过程反应条件温和,反应操作简单,适合大规模生产。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1中透明质酸(HA)、虾青素(AST)以及制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物(HA-AST)的红外光谱图;
图2为实施例1制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物的扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例1制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物的水合粒径图;
图4为抗炎活性试验各组上清液中TNF-α的表达水平图;
图5为抗炎活性试验各组上清液中IL-1β的表达水平图;
图6为抗炎活性试验各组上清液中IFN-γ的表达水平图;
图7为各组的溶血率柱状图。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
本发明实施例所用试剂均为市售分析纯或化学纯。
以下通过实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
实施例1
将4mmol交联剂N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和8mmol透明质酸加入500mL二甲基亚砜中,50℃超声溶解,室温搅拌10min,之后在氮气保护下加入0.5mmol乙二胺,在50℃反应12h后,将反应混合物缓慢倒入30mL氢氧化钠溶液中,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋进行透析,除去杂质,透析溶剂及时间依次为:0.01M的NaOH透析5h,乙腈:水(1:1,V/V)透析24h,蒸馏水透析72h,透析结束后冷冻干燥后得到乙二胺化透明质酸。
取1mmol乙二胺化透明质酸溶解于10mL pH值为5的醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,之后加入用2mL乙醇溶解的1mmol虾青素,在氮气气氛下50℃加热搅拌3d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋用去离子水透析3d,透析袋内溶液冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物。
将本实施例制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物进行红外光谱分析,分析结果见图1,由图1可以看出,在透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物(HA-AST)中,3500-3400cm-1处透明质酸(HA)的羟基峰明显减小,1700-1600cm-1处峰强度明显增强,说明有新的酰胺键和腙键生成。
将本实施例制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物进行扫描电镜检测,结果见图2,由图2可以看出透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物分散均匀,为光滑的圆球形,其粒径为157.9±2.1nm。
将本实施例制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物溶于磷酸钠缓冲溶液中,模拟人体生理环境,之后采用Zeta电位测试/纳米粒径DLS测试分析仪(型号:NanoZS90)进行测定,测试结果见图3,测得其水合粒径为242.3±1.6nm,电位为-10.6±1.0mV,说明制备的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为90.5%,说明具有很好的生物利用率。
实施例2
将2.5mmol交联剂N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和5mmol透明质酸加入500mL二甲基亚砜中,50℃超声溶解后加入14mmol二氯乙烷,室温搅拌10min,之后在氮气气氛下加入0.5mmol乙二胺,在80℃反应2d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋进行透析,除去反应溶液,透析溶剂及时间依次为:0.01M的NaOH透析8h,乙腈:水(1:1,V/V)透析20h,蒸馏水透析55h,透析结束后冷冻干燥后得到乙二胺化透明质酸。
取5mmol乙二胺化透明质酸溶解于10mL pH值为5的醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,之后加入用2mL二氧六环溶解的1mmol虾青素,在氮气气氛下50℃加热搅拌3d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋用去离子水透析5d,透析袋内溶液冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物。
本实施例制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物为圆球形,粒径为178.3±2.2nm,水合粒径为259.7±1.7nm,Zeta电位为-8.5±1.0mV,说明制备的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为86.9%。
实施例3
将5mmol交联剂N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和10mmol透明质酸加入500mL二甲基亚砜中,50℃超声溶解后加入14mmol二氯乙烷,室温搅拌10min,之后在氮气气氛下加入0.5mmol乙二胺,在30℃反应3d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋进行透析,除去反应溶液,透析溶剂及时间依次为:0.01M的NaOH透析3h,乙腈:水(1:1,V/V)透析24h,蒸馏水透析24h,透析结束后冷冻干燥后得到乙二胺化透明质酸。
取0.5mmol乙二胺化透明质酸溶解于10mL pH值为5的醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,之后加入用2mL乙醇溶解的1mmol虾青素,在氮气气氛下50℃加热搅拌3d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋用去离子水透析5d,透析袋内溶液冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物。
本实施例制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物为圆球形,粒径为195.7±2.6nm,水合粒径为283.1±3.2nm,Zeta电位为-7.1±1.3mV,说明制备的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为82.3%。
实施例4
将3.5mmol交联剂N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和7mmol透明质酸加入500mL二甲基亚砜中,50℃超声溶解后加入14mmol二氯乙烷,室温搅拌10min,之后在氮气气氛下加入0.5mmol乙二胺,在40℃反应4d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋进行透析,除去反应溶液,透析溶剂及时间依次为:0.01M的NaOH透析6h,乙腈:水(1:1,V/V)透析15h,蒸馏水透析72h,透析结束后冷冻干燥后得到乙二胺化透明质酸。
取4.5mmol乙二胺化透明质酸溶解于10mL pH值为5的醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,之后加入用2mL四氢呋喃溶解的1mmol虾青素,在氮气气氛下50℃加热搅拌3d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋用去离子水透析5d,透析袋内溶液冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物。
本实施例制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物为圆球形,粒径为224.3±1.0nm,水合粒径为309.4±3.1nm,Zeta电位为-6.5±0.9mV,说明制备的虾青素-透明质酸纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为78.4%。
实施例5
将3mmol交联剂N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和6mmol透明质酸加入500mL二甲基亚砜中,50℃超声溶解后加入14mmol二氯乙烷,室温搅拌10min,之后在氮气气氛下加入0.5mmol乙二胺,在60℃反应5d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋进行透析,除去反应溶液,透析溶剂及时间依次为:0.01M的NaOH透析7h,乙腈:水(1:1,V/V)透析20h,蒸馏水透析40h,透析结束后冷冻干燥后得到乙二胺化透明质酸。
取3mmol乙二胺化透明质酸溶解于10mL pH值为5的醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,之后加入用2mL二氧六环溶解的1mmol虾青素,在氮气气氛下50℃加热搅拌3d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋用去离子水透析5d,透析袋内溶液冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物。
本实施例制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物为圆球形,粒径为251.6±1.7nm,水合粒径为341.2±3.7nm,Zeta电位为-5.6±1.0mV,说明制备的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为72.2%。
对比例1
同实施例1,其区别仅在于,加入的透明质酸为15mmol。制备得到的产物为圆球形,粒径为186.8±1.1nm,水合粒径为269.3±2.2nm,Zeta电位为-7.1±1.4mv,其中虾青素反应率为88.2%。
对比例2
同实施例1,其区别仅在于,取6mmol乙二胺化透明质酸与1mmol虾青素反应。制备得到的产物为圆球形,粒径为203.4±3.1nm,水合粒径为318.2±1.2nm,Zeta电位为-4.7±2.5mv,其中虾青素反应率为68.3%。
对比例3
同实施例1,其区别仅在于,去掉加入乙二胺的步骤,即为:将4mmol交联剂N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺和8mmol透明质酸加入500mL二甲基亚砜中,50℃超声溶解后加入14mmol二氯乙烷,室温搅拌10min,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋进行透析,除去反应溶液,透析溶剂及时间依次为:0.01M的NaOH透析5h,乙腈:水(1:1,V/V)透析10h,蒸馏水透析72h,透析结束后冷冻干燥后得到预处理的透明质酸。
取1mmol预处理的透明质酸溶解于10mL pH值为5的醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,之后加入用2mL用乙醇溶解的1mmol虾青素,在氮气气氛下50℃加热搅拌3d,采用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋用去离子水透析5d,透析袋内溶液冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物。
制备得到的产物为圆球形,粒径为193.7±1.4nm,水合粒径为296.2±1.7nm,Zeta电位为-5.4±2.3mv,其中虾青素反应率为62.9%。
对比例4
同实施例1,其区别仅在于,加入乙二胺后在100℃反应1d。制备得到的产物为圆球形,粒径为238.1±1.9nm,水合粒径为273.8±3.4nm,Zeta电位为-6.3±1.6mv,其中虾青素反应率为69.2%。
抗结肠炎活性试验—体外法
采用酶联免疫ELISA法对实施例1制备的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物缓解结肠炎的活性能力进行测定,具体为:将对数生长期的Caco-2细胞接种到96孔培养板中,细胞密度为每孔10000个细胞,培养过夜,用5μg/mL的脂多糖LPS刺激细胞诱导炎症反应,之后分为四组,其中三组分别加入2μg/mL、4μg/mL和8μg/mL的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物,另外一组不做处理,继续培养24h,培养结束后吸取上清液,测定上清液中炎症因子水平TNF-α、IL-1β和IFN-Y的表达水平,结果见图4-6。结果表明,透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物对炎症因子的表达具有较好的抑制作用,说明本发明制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物可以有效用于结肠炎的治疗中。
溶血当量的测定
取0.5mL生理盐水作为阴性对照1,取0.5mL蒸馏水作为阳性对照组2,吸取实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物0.5mL为样品组3,每管设置3个平行,在上述各管中加入2%的红细胞悬浊液0.5mL混匀,在37℃水浴保温2h,取出各管后立即冰浴终止反应,离心后取200μL上清液,用甲醇稀释至5mL,415nm波长处测其吸光度,并计算溶血率,溶血率计算公式:
溶血率=(A样-A阴)/(A阳-A阴)×100%
各组的溶血率见图7,其中1为加入生理盐水的阴性对照组,2为加入蒸馏水的阳性对照组,3为加入浓度为600μg/mL实施例1制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物,但是不加红细胞的样品,4为加入浓度为1000μg/mL实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物,5为加入浓度为800μg/mL实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物,6为加入浓度为600μg/mL实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物。由图4可以看出,本发明实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在浓度为600-1000μg/mL之间溶血毒性均小于5%,满足临床对溶血率的要求。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将交联剂和透明质酸加入二甲基亚砜中,保护气氛下加入乙二胺发生交联反应,透析、冷冻干燥后得到乙二胺化透明质酸,将所述乙二胺化透明质酸溶解于缓冲溶液中,之后加入虾青素,在保护气氛下加热搅拌,透析、冷冻干燥后得到透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乙二胺化透明质酸和虾青素的摩尔比为(0.5-5):1,所述透明质酸与乙二胺的摩尔比为(10-20):1,所述交联剂与透明质酸的摩尔比为1:2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述虾青素用乙醇、二氧六环或四氢呋喃溶解。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联剂为N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、过氧化二异丙苯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化苯甲酰和2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联反应的反应温度为30-80℃,反应时间为2-5d。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缓冲溶液为醋酸盐缓冲溶液,pH值为5.0。
7.一种权利要求1-6任一项所述制备方法制备得到的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物,其特征在于,所述纳米复合物粒径为150-260nm,水合粒径为150-350nm,Zeta电位为-10.6±1.0mV~-5.6±1.0mV mV。
8.权利要求7所述的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物在保健品、医药、化妆品、食品添加剂和水产养殖领域的应用。
9.权利要求7所述的透明质酸-虾青素纳米复合物在制备治疗结肠炎药物中的应用。
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