CN113633781A - 一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种虾青素‑壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物及其制备方法和应用,属于海洋药物制备技术领域。采用虾青素与壳聚糖为纳米复合物的原料进行化学反应,反应产物在水相体系中采用自组装的方法制备得到的纳米复合物为壳核结构,粒径在160‑220nm,具有良好的生物相容性和稳定性,且无溶血毒性,通过壳聚糖与虾青素的协同作用,拓宽了虾青素的应用,提高了壳聚糖的抗菌效果和虾青素的稳定性,在各个领域的应用具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物及其制备方法和应用,属于海洋药物技术领域。
背景技术
虾青素(AST)是一种红色固体粉末,具有脂溶性,不溶于水,可溶于有机溶剂。它广泛存在于生物界中,特别是水产动物如虾、蟹、鱼和鸟类的羽毛中,起显色作用。虾青素作为类胡萝卜素的一种,是自然界迄今发现最强的抗氧化剂,具有较强的抗菌活性,并且具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗炎症、抗疲劳等作用。但由于虾青素水溶性差,且对光、热等因素敏感,并且虾青素易氧化、稳定性差,容易受到破坏,不利于存储,导致较难对其开发利用。因此,虾青素改性的研究对于促进虾青素的开发利用具有重要的意义。
壳聚糖(CS)是甲壳素脱乙酰化的产物,为聚合阳离子型化合物。壳聚糖由于其良好的生物相容性和分散性,被广泛应用于纳米药物领域,现有技术通过将石墨烯纳米片与壳聚糖进行复合制备得到生物医用的复合材料,但需要对插层剂进行后续处理减少插层剂对复合材料性能的影响;也有用电纺复合聚电解质透明质酸和壳聚糖的复合溶液制备出复合聚电解质纳米材料,透明质酸作为主体聚电解质带有弱电离的羰基,另外需要用高浓度的甲酸屏蔽使其不电离或少量电离;另外也有通过以壳聚糖、金属盐和羧酸类有机配体为原料,采用自组装的方法制备得到壳聚糖@金属有机框架复合材料等等。虽然目前关于壳聚糖复合材料的研究很多,但大都存在制备工艺复杂,需要后续其他处理过程,实现大规模生产仍面临很大困难。壳聚糖虽然因其具有一定的抗菌能力、具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、无毒、低刺激等被广泛应用于医学药物纳米制备技术领域,但壳聚糖的抗菌能力比较温和,且只有在一定的pH条件下,其抗菌能力才能充分体现出来,这大大限制了壳聚糖抗菌能力的发挥。
所以,如果能提出一种抗菌能力强、稳定性好且制备方法简单、适合大规模生产的纳米复合材料,对于食品、化妆品、化工、生化、医药和生物医学等领域具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物及其制备方法和应用,采用虾青素与壳聚糖为纳米复合物的原料,通过化学反应生成壳聚糖-虾青素化合物,在水相体系中采用自组装的方法制备得到的纳米复合物具有良好的生物相容性和稳定性,提高了壳聚糖的抗菌效果和虾青素的稳定性。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物,所述纳米复合物为核壳结构,虾青素为核,壳聚糖为壳,粒径为140-280nm,Zeta电位为(+15.2±2.5mV)~(+19.2±2.0mV),在体外无溶血毒性,在生理状态下具有较强的稳定性。
本发明提供了一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将壳聚糖溶于缓冲溶液,虾青素溶于有机溶剂后逐滴加入溶有壳聚糖的缓冲溶液中,搅拌反应,透析,冷冻干燥后得到虾青素-壳聚糖化合物,将所述虾青素-壳聚糖化合物分散于水相体系中,超声分散,即得虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物。
进一步地,所述虾青素-壳聚糖化合物中壳聚糖与虾青素的物质的量之比为(0.5-5):1。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂包括乙醇、二氧六环和四氢呋喃中的一种或多种,所述缓冲溶液为醋酸盐和/或磷酸盐缓冲溶液。
进一步地,所述搅拌在氮气保护下40-80℃搅拌2-5d,搅拌过程避光。
进一步地,所述透析的截留分子量为3500Da,用去离子水透析2-5d。
本发明还提供了上述虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物在保健品、医药、化妆品、食品添加剂和水产养殖领域的应用。
本发明还提供了所述虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物在制备预防及治疗骨相关疾病药物中的应用。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
1)本发明壳聚糖的氨基和虾青素的羰基通过化学键共价结合生成腙键,制备虾青素-壳聚糖的化合物,其次,在水相体系中,亲水的壳聚糖和疏水的虾青素通过自组装构建虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物。通过本发明方法制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物粒径在160-220nm,具有良好的生物相容性和稳定性,且无溶血毒性,有效提高了其进入骨组织细胞的效率。
2)本发明首次将虾青素与壳聚糖进行组合制备纳米复合物材料,通过壳聚糖在水相体系中的自组装将易氧化、不稳定的虾青素包埋在壳聚糖内部,形成壳核结构,同时提高了壳聚糖的抗菌能力,通过壳聚糖与虾青素的协同作用,拓宽了虾青素的应用。
3)本发明虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物的制备方法简单,反应条件温和,适合大规模生产,为骨相关疾病的预防及治疗以及保健品、医药、化妆品、食品添加剂和水产养殖领域提供了新的应用思路,具有现实意义。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1中壳聚糖(AST)、虾青素(CS)以及制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖化合物(CS-AST)的红外光谱图;
图2为实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合材料扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物水合粒径图;
图4为各组的溶血率曲线图;
图5为各组上清液中炎症因子水平TNF-α和IL-6的含量;
图6为抗菌活性测定图。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
以下通过实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
实施例1
将50mmol的壳聚糖溶于10mL pH=5.0的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌使其溶解,将含有10mmol的虾青素溶于乙醇后逐滴加入壳聚糖的溶液中,在氮气保护下,于60℃避光加热搅拌96h,反应结束后,置于截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋中,以去离子水搅拌透析4d,透析液浓缩后,避光冷冻干燥,得虾青素-壳聚糖化合物。将虾青素-壳聚糖化合物溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌混匀,探头超声120s得到棕褐色混悬液,即为虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物。
将实施例1所用的壳聚糖(AST)、虾青素(CS)以及制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖化合物(CS-AST)进行真空减压干燥,以KBr压片,进行红外光谱分析,壳聚糖(AST)、虾青素(CS)以及制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖化合物(CS-AST)的红外光谱图见图1,从图1可以看出,在虾青素-壳聚糖化合物中3500cm-1处壳聚糖的羟基明显减少,1700-1600cm-1处酰胺键较壳聚糖明显增强,说明有新的酰胺键生成。
将实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物置于硅片,进行扫描电镜检测,扫描电镜图见图2,由图2可以看出,虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物为光滑圆球形,粒径为160-220nm。
将实施例1制备得到虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,用纳米粒度仪对其稳定性进行研究,水合粒径图见图3,从图3可以看出虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物的水合粒径为458.7nm,Zeta电位为+18.2±1.2mv,说明制备的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为82.6%。
实施例2
将40mmol的壳聚糖溶于10mL pH=5.0的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌使其溶解,将含有10mmol的虾青素溶于乙醇后逐滴加入壳聚糖的溶液中,在氮气保护下,于80℃避光加热搅拌48h,反应结束后,置于截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋中,以去离子水搅拌透析3d,透析液浓缩后,避光冷冻干燥,得虾青素-壳聚糖化合物。将虾青素-壳聚糖化合物溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌混匀,探头超声120s得到黑色混悬液,即为虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物。
虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物为圆球形,粒径为170-240nm,水合粒径为489.2nm,Zeta电位为+17.3±1.5mv,说明制备的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为81.5%。
实施例3
将30mmol的壳聚糖溶于10mL pH=5.0的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌使其溶解,将含有10mmol的虾青素溶于乙醇后逐滴加入壳聚糖的溶液中,在氮气保护下,于55℃避光加热搅拌66h,反应结束后,置于截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋中,以去离子水搅拌透析5d,透析液浓缩后,避光冷冻干燥,得虾青素-壳聚糖化合物。将虾青素-壳聚糖化合物溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌混匀,探头超声120s得到黑色混悬液,即为虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物。
虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物为光滑圆球形,粒径为140-200nm,水合粒径为410.3nm,Zeta电位为+19.2±2.0mv,说明制备的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为78.2%。
实施例4
将20mmol的壳聚糖溶于10mL pH=5.0的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌使其溶解,将含有10mmol的虾青素溶于乙醇后逐滴加入壳聚糖的溶液中,在氮气保护下,于70℃避光加热搅拌100h,反应结束后,置于截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋中,以去离子水搅拌透析3.5d,透析液浓缩后,避光冷冻干燥,得虾青素-壳聚糖化合物。将虾青素-壳聚糖化合物溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌混匀,探头超声120s得到黑色混悬液,即为虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物。
虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物为光滑圆球形,粒径为150-200nm,水合粒径为396.5nm,Zeta电位为+19.3±1.8mv,说明制备的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为76.8%。
实施例5
将5mmol的壳聚糖溶于10mL pH=5.0的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌使其溶解,将含有10mmol的虾青素溶于乙醇后逐滴加入壳聚糖的溶液中,在氮气保护下,于50℃避光加热搅拌50h,反应结束后,置于截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋中,以去离子水搅拌透析3d,透析液浓缩后,避光冷冻干燥,得虾青素-壳聚糖化合物。将虾青素-壳聚糖化合物溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,搅拌混匀,探头超声120s得到黑色混悬液,即为虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物。
虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物为光滑圆球形,粒径为200-280nm,水合粒径为628.4nm,Zeta电位为+15.2±2.5mv,说明制备的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中稳定性较好,其中虾青素反应率为71.5%。
对比例1
同实施例1,区别仅在于,将60mmol的壳聚糖溶于10mL pH=5.0的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中。虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物粒径为260-420nm,水合粒径为624.3nm,Zeta电位为+12.2±2.0mv,其中虾青素反应率为64.2%。
对比例2
同实施例1,区别仅在于,在pH为4.0的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物粒径为80-120160-220nm,水合粒径为668.2nm,Zeta电位为+11.4±2.5mv,其中虾青素反应率为56.8%。
对比例3
同实施例1,区别仅在于,在氮气保护下,于30℃避光加热搅拌24h。虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物粒径为280-320nm,水合粒径为712.4nm,Zeta电位为+11.8±2.8mv,其中虾青素反应率为59.1%。
溶血当量的测定:
取0.5mL生理盐水作为阴性对照组,取0.5mL蒸馏水作为阳性对照组,吸取实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物0.5mL为样品组,每管设置3个平行,在上述各管中加入2%的红细胞悬浊液0.5mL混匀,在37℃水浴保温2h,取出各管后立即冰浴终止反应,离心后取200μL上清液,用甲醇稀释至5mL,415nm波长处测其吸光度,并计算溶血率,溶血率计算公式:
溶血率=(A样-A阴)/(A阳-A阴)×100%
图4为各组的溶血率曲线图,其中1为加入生理盐水的阴性对照组,2为加入蒸馏水的阳性对照组,3为加入浓度为600μg/mL实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物,但是不加红细胞的样品,4为加入浓度为1000μg/mL实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物,5为加入浓度为800μg/mL实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物,由图4可以看出,本发明实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物在浓度为600-1000μg/mL之间均无溶血毒性,且与阴性对照组1接近。
抗关节炎活性实验:
采用酶联免疫ELISA方法对虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物的抵抗实验性骨关节炎的活性进行测定。将对数生长期的软骨细胞ADTC5接种到96孔培养板中,细胞密度为每孔10000个细胞,培养过夜。以10ng/mL的IL-1β刺激细胞诱导炎症反应,然后加入实施例制备得到的不同浓度的虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物(2、4、8μg/mL),加药后继续培养24小时。吸取细胞上清液,ELISA法测定上清液中炎症因子水平TNF-α和IL-6,并设置阴性对照组(不加IL-1β细胞及样品),以及模型组(即IL-1β刺激后,不加样品),炎症因子表达水平测定结果见图5,由图5可知,给予IL-1β刺激时,相比于未刺激组,细胞血清中的炎症因子水平显著升高,说明IL-1β对ADTC5细胞的有炎症诱导作用。当给与虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物后,相对于模型组,炎症因子的表达水平明显降低,且下降趋势具有浓度依赖性。
抗菌活性实验:
采用比浊法对实施例1所用虾青素、壳聚糖以及实施例1制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物的抗菌活性进行测定。分别取0.1mL金黄色葡萄球菌或大肠杆菌悬液(1×106cfu/mL),转入盛有1%不同测试样品(CS(虾青素)、AST(壳聚糖)、CS-AST(虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物))的LB培养基中,37℃培养12h,取3mL培养液选用600nm波长测定吸光度值,测定结果见图6。由图6可知,本发明制备得到的虾青素-壳聚糖纳米复合物具有显著的抗菌活性,提高了壳聚糖、虾青素单独作用时的抗菌效果。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物,其特征在于,所述纳米复合物为核壳结构,虾青素为核,壳聚糖为壳,粒径为140-280nm,Zeta电位为(+15.2±2.5mV)~(+19.2±2.0mV)。
2.一种权利要求1所述虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将壳聚糖溶于缓冲溶液,虾青素溶于有机溶剂后加入所述溶有壳聚糖的缓冲溶液中,搅拌进行化学反应,透析,冷冻干燥后得到虾青素-壳聚糖化合物,将所述虾青素-壳聚糖化合物分散于水相体系中,搅拌,超声分散,即得虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述虾青素-壳聚糖化合物中壳聚糖与虾青素的物质的量之比为(0.5-5):1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂包括乙醇、二氧六环和四氢呋喃中的一种或多种,所述缓冲溶液为醋酸盐和/或磷酸盐等缓冲溶液。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述搅拌为在氮气保护下40-80℃搅拌反应2-5d,搅拌过程避光。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述透析的截留分子量为3500Da,用去离子水透析2-5d。
7.权利要求1所述虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物在保健品、医药、化妆品、食品添加剂和水产养殖领域的应用。
8.权利要求1所述虾青素-壳聚糖自组装纳米复合物在制备预防及治疗骨相关疾病药物中的应用。
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