CN114100632B - 一种脱硫催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种脱硫催化剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114100632B
CN114100632B CN202010888760.6A CN202010888760A CN114100632B CN 114100632 B CN114100632 B CN 114100632B CN 202010888760 A CN202010888760 A CN 202010888760A CN 114100632 B CN114100632 B CN 114100632B
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刘淑鹤
王学海
王宽岭
汪鹏
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Sinopec Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute Co ltd
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种脱硫催化剂的制备方法,包括如下内容:(1)将废脱硫剂经脱硫磺处理,焙烧、粉碎和筛分;所述废脱硫剂以氧化铝为载体,钼、镍为活性组分;(2)将筛分后的废脱硫剂粉末与碳酸钠混合,经焙烧和热水浸渍,然后过滤,得滤液I和残渣;(3)将残渣焙烧,然后按照一定比例与酸混合反应一段时间后,过滤,得到滤液II;(4)滤液I和滤液II在搅拌条件下进行并流成胶,老化一段时间,然后过滤,干燥得到催化剂前驱体;(5)得到的催化剂前驱体挤条可塑性载体,载体通过干燥、焙烧得到再生烟气脱硫剂。本方法能够将废脱硫剂中的有效组分再次利用,处理成本低,环境友好,再生后的脱硫催化剂具有良好的脱硫性能。

Description

一种脱硫催化剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脱硫催化剂的制备方法,具体来说是一种干法脱硫的脱硫催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
目前在干法脱硫中,国内外应用众多的脱硫剂按物系可分为:铁系脱硫剂、活性炭脱硫剂、铝系脱硫剂、锌系脱硫系和分子筛脱硫剂等。脱硫剂在长期的连续使用过程中,脱硫反应生成的硫磺不断地聚集在脱硫剂的表面或黏附、填充在废脱硫剂颗粒微孔中,造成脱硫剂硫容降低而失效变成为废脱硫剂。废脱硫剂中含有部分有害物质(如萘、蒽、醌、苯类、酸类及噻吩等)及易燃的硫,废脱硫剂堆积会造成对土壤、水质和大气的污染。同时,由于处理成本较高,废脱硫剂中负载的活金属也不能得到有效的回收利用,处理方法大多通过将其与工业垃圾混堆填埋方式进行处置,会污染环境,浪费了大量资源。所以为了避免造成二次污染,开发废脱硫剂经济有效的再生方法,是解决上述问题的有效途径之一。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种脱硫催化剂的制备方法。本方法能够将废脱硫剂中的有效组分再次利用,处理成本低,环境友好,再生后的脱硫剂具有良好的脱硫性能。
本发明的脱硫催化剂的制备方法,包括如下内容:
(1)将废脱硫剂经脱硫磺处理,焙烧、粉碎和筛分;所述废脱硫剂以氧化铝为载体,钼、镍为活性组分;
(2)将筛分后的废脱硫剂粉末与碳酸钠混合,经焙烧和热水浸渍,然后过滤,得滤液I和残渣;
(3)将残渣焙烧,然后按照一定比例与酸混合反应一段时间后,过滤,得到滤液II;
(4)滤液I和滤液II在搅拌条件下进行并流成胶,具体过程为:首先调节pH值2.0~3.0,晶化15~30min,再调节pH值10.0~11.0,晶化5~10min,然后进行pH值摆动中和成胶,摆动一定次数之后,成胶结束后,调节pH值在7.0~9.0之间,老化一段时间,然后过滤,干燥得到催化剂前驱体;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的催化剂前驱体挤条可塑性载体,载体通过干燥、焙烧得到脱硫催化剂。
本发明方法中,步骤(1)所述的废脱硫剂是指干法脱硫过程中失活的脱硫剂,一般以氧化铝为载体,钼、镍为活性组分。所述脱硫磺处理一般采用的硫磺溶剂进行浸泡、分离,如二硫化碳、二甲苯等。考虑到再生过程的成本以及环境保护,本发明采用催化裂化柴油作为硫磺溶剂,催化裂化柴油的馏程范围为180~380℃内任意馏分,优选240~330℃内任意馏分;所述的催化裂化柴油中双环芳烃含量为30wt%~80wt%。将废脱硫剂浸泡于催化裂化柴油中,在温度25~100℃下,浸泡10~60分钟,然后固液分离,分离后的废脱硫剂进行抽提除油,抽提除油选用甲苯、石油醚、乙醇等为溶剂,抽提温度为80~110℃。
本发明方法中,步骤(1)所述的焙烧温度500~700℃,优选600~650℃,时间为3~5小时。焙烧后的废脱硫剂,以废脱硫剂重量为基准,氧化镍为2wt%-10wt%,氧化钼为8wt%-20wt%。
本发明方法中,步骤(1)所述的粉碎筛分后粒度至200~400目,优选300~400目。
本发明方法中,步骤(2)所述的筛分后的废脱硫剂粉末与碳酸钠的摩尔比为1:2.0~5.0,其中废脱硫剂粉末以金属氧化物总量计。
本发明方法中,步骤(2)中所述焙烧处理条件为:温度为500~800℃,优选550~750℃,时间为0.5~4.0小时,优选0.5~3.0小时。所述焙烧气氛为空气或氮气等。
本发明方法中,步骤(2)中所述热水浸渍处理条件为:浸出水的温度为50~100℃,优选80~100℃;浸出时间为30~120min,优选30~90min;液固质量比为2:1~10:1,优选4:1~8:1。
本发明方法中,步骤(3)中酸为硝酸、硫酸或盐酸,优选硫酸,酸浓度根据酸种类以及需要进行调节。
本发明方法中,步骤(3)所述残渣的焙烧温度为200~800℃,优选500~800℃;焙烧时间为3~10h;所述酸与残渣按金属氧化物计摩尔比为2.0~4.0:1,优选2.5~3.5:1。反应时间为0.5~3.0h,优选1.0~3.0h,温度为80~150℃,优选100~120℃。
本发明方法中,步骤(4)中滤液I中的钼的质量浓度以氧化钼计为15~50g/100mL,铝的质量浓度以氧化铝为10~20g/100mL;所述滤液II中,镍浓度以氧化物计为5~10g/100mL,铝的质量浓度以氧化铝计为5~10g/100mL。溶液浓度可以通过加热蒸馏或加水稀释来控制调节。
本发明方法中,步骤(4)中所述pH值摆动中和成胶的温度为50~100℃,优选70~100℃;pH值的摆动范围为酸性pH值为2.0~3.0,碱性pH值为10.0~11.0,摆动次数为3~8次,优选3~5次;所述老化pH值为7.0~9.0,老化温度为50~100℃,优选70~100℃,老化时间为0.5~2.5h,优选1.0~2.0h。成胶过程一般在成胶罐中进行,成胶前需要在成胶罐中加入一定量的净水,加入量本领域技术人员根据实际需要添加。
本发明方法中,步骤(5)中所述干燥温度为100~200℃,干燥时间为2~6小时,焙烧温度为300~550℃,焙烧时间为2.0~5小时。
本发明方法具有以下优点:通过步骤(2)将废催化剂中金属钼和部分氧化铝进行溶解脱除,步骤(3)的酸化将残渣中的金属镍和部分氧化铝进行溶解脱除,通过步骤(4)的酸性pH值条件下将活性金属盐沉淀出来,以该极性强、颗粒小的活性金属盐为晶种,其具有较大的定向速率,易形成晶型沉淀或具有晶体结构的胶粒,一方面使得晶体定向成长,晶体结晶度高,晶体更加完整。该方法可直接回收废脱硫剂中的活性金属及氧化铝,可显著提高了活性金属和氧化铝的利用率,实现了催化剂的循环经济利用,大幅降低了催化剂的生产成本。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的脱硫催化剂的制备方法进行更详细的描述。
取干法脱硫后的废脱硫剂进行脱硫磺处理,具体过程为:浸泡于催化裂化柴油(性质见表1)中,在温度70℃下,浸泡40分钟,然后固液分离,分离后的废脱硫剂进行抽提除油,抽提除油选用甲苯、石油醚、乙醇等为溶剂,抽提温度为80~110℃。抽提除油后的废脱硫剂,在600℃下焙烧4小时,进行粉碎,筛分出200~400目的物料备用。
表1 催化裂化柴油性质。
实施例1
称取上述物料200g,与400g碳酸钠进行均匀混合,500℃下焙烧3小时,用80℃的700g热水进行浸取,过滤,得滤液I以及残渣;向残渣中加入200mL浓度为50wt%的浓硫酸,在100℃下搅拌反应2.0h后过滤,得滤液II。最后加水调节上述滤液I中氧化钼浓度为20g/100mL,氧化铝浓度为15g/100mL,滤液II中氧化镍浓度为7g/100mL,氧化铝浓度为8g/100mL。
将成胶罐中加入净水,加热到75℃。然后向成胶罐中加入一定量的上述滤液I,加入硫酸调节pH值2.0,沉淀出少量氧化钼和氧化铝作为晶种并晶化20min,然后调节pH值10.0,稳定5min,然后用滤液II调节pH值为2.0,稳定5min;通过滤液I和滤液II进行pH摆动成胶,pH值的摆动范围为酸性pH值为2.0,碱性pH值为10.0,摆动次数为5次,然后进行老化,老化温度为70℃,老化1.0小时,过滤,100℃干燥3小时,干燥后的物料与胶粘剂混合,成型,120℃下干燥2小时,330℃下焙烧3小时,制得脱硫剂,以脱硫剂重量为基准,MoO3含量为19.8%,NiO为3.0%。
实施例2
称取上述物料160g,与330g碳酸钠进行均匀混合,500℃下焙烧3小时,用90℃的600g热水进行浸取,过滤,得滤液I以及残渣;向残渣中加入250mL浓度为50wt%的浓硫酸,在100℃下搅拌反应3小时后过滤,得滤液II。加水调节上述滤液I中氧化钼浓度为25g/100mL,氧化铝浓度为18g/100mL,滤液II中氧化镍浓度为10g/100mL,氧化铝浓度为8g/100mL。
将成胶罐中加入净水,加热到80℃。然后向成胶罐中加入一定量的上述滤液I,加入硫酸调节pH值3,沉淀出少量氧化钼和氧化铝作为晶种并晶化15min,然后调节pH值10.5,稳定10min,然后用滤液II调节pH值为3,稳定5min;通过滤液I和滤液II进行pH摆动成胶,pH值的摆动范围为酸性pH值为3,碱性pH值为10.5,摆动次数为3次,然后进行老化,老化温度为80℃,老化1.0小时,过滤,100℃干燥3小时,干燥后的物料与胶粘剂混合,成型,120℃下干燥2小时,350℃下焙烧5小时,制得脱硫剂,以脱硫剂重量为基准,MoO3含量为20%,NiO为2.9%。
实施例3
称取上述物料300g,与500g碳酸钠进行均匀混合,550℃下焙烧3小时,用100℃的1000g热水进行浸取,过滤,得滤液I以及残渣;向残渣中加入300mL浓度为60wt%的浓硫酸,在100℃下搅拌反应3小时后过滤,得滤液II。加水调节上述滤液I中氧化钼浓度为30g/100mL,氧化铝浓度为18g/100mL,滤液II中氧化镍浓度为10g/100mL,氧化铝浓度为9g/100mL。
将成胶罐中加入净水,加热到90℃。然后向成胶罐中加入一定量的上述滤液I,加入硫酸调节pH值2,沉淀出少量氧化钼和氧化铝作为晶种并晶化20min,然后调节pH值11,稳定5min,然后用滤液II调节pH值为2,稳定5min;通过滤液I和滤液II进行pH摆动成胶,pH值的摆动范围为酸性pH值为2,碱性pH值为11,摆动次数为4次,然后进行老化,老化温度为80℃,老化1.5小时,过滤,100℃干燥2小时,干燥后的物料与胶粘剂混合,成型,130℃下干燥3小时,360℃下焙烧5小时,制得脱硫剂,以脱硫剂重量为基准,MoO3含量为20%,NiO为3.1%。
实施例4
实施例1~3再生后的脱硫剂和新鲜脱硫剂(氧化铝为载体,以脱硫剂重量计,MoO3含量为20%,NiO为3%)的性能评价试验在常压固定床反应器中进行,反应器材质为石英玻璃,内径10mm,脱硫剂的用量为0.5g。催化剂用于反应前,在600℃下,35mL/min的0.5% SO2/2.5% H2/ N2混合气中预硫化3小时。
评价试验的反应温度为450℃,反应空速为10000h-1,SO2和H2分别用氮气稀释后混合进入反应器,n(H2)/n(SO2)的比例为3,入口处SO2体积分数为0.3%,反应生成的单质硫和水蒸气由置于反应器出口的冷凝器收集,用烟气分析仪对出口处的SO2进行在线分析,计算SO2转化率和单质硫收率,评价结果见表2。
表 2 烟气脱硫催化剂性能对比。
由表2数据可以看出,与对比新鲜脱硫剂相比,再生后的脱硫剂具有与新鲜脱硫剂相当的脱硫活性和单质硫收率。

Claims (14)

1.一种脱硫催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下内容:(1)将废脱硫剂经脱硫磺处理,焙烧、粉碎和筛分;所述废脱硫剂以氧化铝为载体,钼、镍为活性组分;(2)将筛分后的废脱硫剂粉末与碳酸钠混合,经焙烧和热水浸渍,然后过滤,得滤液I和残渣;(3)将残渣焙烧,然后按照一定比例与酸混合反应一段时间后,过滤,得到滤液II;(4)滤液I和滤液II在搅拌条件下进行并流成胶,具体过程为:首先调节pH值2.0~3.0,晶化15~30min,再调节pH值10.0~11.0,晶化5~10min,然后进行pH值摆动中和成胶,摆动一定次数之后,成胶结束后,调节pH值在7.0~9.0之间,老化一段时间,然后过滤,干燥得到催化剂前驱体;(5)将步骤(4)得到的催化剂前驱体挤条可塑性载体,载体通过干燥、焙烧得到脱硫催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述脱硫磺处理采用催化裂化柴油作为硫磺溶剂,催化裂化柴油的馏程范围为180~380℃内任意馏分,所述的催化裂化柴油中双环芳烃含量为30wt%~80wt%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:将废脱硫剂浸泡于催化裂化柴油中,在温度25~100℃下,浸泡10~60分钟,然后固液分离,分离后的废脱硫剂进行抽提除油,抽提温度为80~110℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的焙烧温度500~700℃,时间为3~5小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:焙烧后的废脱硫剂,以废脱硫剂重量为基准,氧化镍为2wt%-10wt%,氧化钼为8wt%-20wt%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的粉碎筛分后粒度至200~400目。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的筛分后的废脱硫剂粉末与碳酸钠的摩尔比为1:2.0~5.0,其中废脱硫剂粉末以金属氧化物总量计。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述焙烧处理条件为:温度为500~800℃,时间为0.5~4.0小时。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述热水浸渍处理条件为:温度为50~100℃,浸出时间为30~120min,液固质量比为2:1~10:1。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述残渣的焙烧温度为200~800℃,焙烧时间为3~10h。
11.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中酸为硝酸、硫酸或盐酸;所述酸与残渣按金属氧化物计摩尔比为2.0~4.0:1;反应时间为0.5~3.0h,温度为80~150℃。
12.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中滤液I中的钼的质量浓度以氧化钼计为15~50g/100mL,铝的质量浓度以氧化铝为10~20g/100mL;所述滤液II中,镍浓度以氧化物计为5~10g/100mL,铝的质量浓度以氧化铝计为5~10g/100mL。
13.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中所述pH值摆动中和成胶的温度为50~100℃;pH值的摆动范围为酸性pH值为2.0~3.0,碱性pH值为10.0~11.0,摆动次数为3~8次;所述老化pH值为7.0~9.0,老化温度为50~100℃,老化时间为0.5~2.5h。
14.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中所述干燥温度为100~200℃,干燥时间为2~6小时,焙烧温度为300~550℃,焙烧时间为2.0~5小时。
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