CN114097557A - High-efficiency seedling culture and cultivation method for astragalus membranaceus - Google Patents

High-efficiency seedling culture and cultivation method for astragalus membranaceus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114097557A
CN114097557A CN202111405346.6A CN202111405346A CN114097557A CN 114097557 A CN114097557 A CN 114097557A CN 202111405346 A CN202111405346 A CN 202111405346A CN 114097557 A CN114097557 A CN 114097557A
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seeds
seedlings
temperature
seedling raising
astragalus membranaceus
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Inventor
窦玲玲
刘洋
赵琴
刘国英
惠瑞敏
李怀珠
王文博
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Xianyang Normal University
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Xianyang Normal University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to a method for efficiently cultivating seedlings of astragalus membranaceus. The method comprises the following steps: placing the mature astragalus membranaceus seeds in a seed treatment solution with the initial temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, treating for 5-8min by using ultrasonic waves with the power of 100W and the frequency of 30-35kHZ, taking out the seeds, and cleaning to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a mixed solution of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration of folic acid is 8-12mg/L, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 2-4 mg/L; uniformly stirring the primary treated seeds and wet sand with the water content of 30-35%, keeping the temperature at 5-8 ℃ for 3-4h, then heating to 26-28 ℃, and keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the seeds are exposed to white to obtain secondary treated seeds; sowing the secondarily treated seeds in a seedling raising pot containing a seedling raising substrate, culturing under the optimal condition until the height of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings reaches 15cm, hardening the seedlings for 5-7 days, and then transplanting. The method has high seed emergence rate and can realize large-scale seed propagation.

Description

High-efficiency seedling culture and cultivation method for astragalus membranaceus
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, in particular to a method for efficiently cultivating seedlings of astragalus membranaceus.
Background
The astragalus root, also called as astragalus root, is a perennial herb of leguminous family and contains saponin, sucrose, various amino acids, folic acid, selenium, zinc, copper and other trace elements. Belongs to deep root plants, and is most suitable for growing in sandy soil with deep soil layer, good drainage and fertile and loose property. Drought resistance, cold resistance, pleased cool climate and strong adaptability, but heat intolerance and waterlogging.
The astragalus seeds have hard and thick outer skin and poor water absorption, about 80 percent of the seeds can not germinate under normal temperature and humidity conditions, or the seeds germinate for a long time, thereby greatly influencing the process of artificial seedling.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating astragalus membranaceus with high seedling growing efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an efficient seedling culture and cultivation method for astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps:
1) seed treatment
11) Selecting seeds, adopting full, brown and glossy mature seeds;
12) mature seeds were treated as follows:
placing the seeds in a seed treatment solution with the initial temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, treating for 5-8min by using ultrasonic waves with the power of 100W and the frequency of 30-35kHZ, taking out the seeds, and cleaning to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a mixed solution of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration of folic acid is 8-12mg/L, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 2-4 mg/L;
uniformly stirring the primary treated seeds and wet sand with the water content of 30-35%, keeping the temperature at 5-8 ℃ for 3-4h, then heating to 26-28 ℃, and keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the seeds are exposed to white to obtain secondary treated seeds;
2) seedling raising
21) Sowing the secondary treated seeds in a seedling raising pot containing a seedling raising matrix, laying a layer of seedling raising matrix, and watering thoroughly;
22) placing the seedling raising pot in an environment with the temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 60-80%, wherein the illumination intensity is 300-; then placing the seedlings in an environment with the temperature of 23 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80%, the illumination intensity of 1400-1500Lx and the illumination time of 10-12h/d, continuing the treatment until the height of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings reaches 15cm, hardening the seedlings for 5-7 days, and then transplanting the seedlings.
Further, in the step 11), seeds of astragalus plants which are more than 3 years old are adopted.
Further, in the step 12), the mass-to-volume ratio of the seeds to the seed treatment solution is 1 kg: 4-5L.
Further, in the step 12), in the step 21), the seedling raising substrate is prepared from turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite according to the ratio of 3: 2: 2, and mixing the components in a mass ratio.
Furthermore, in the step 21), a farmyard organic fertilizer is also added into the seedling substrate, and the mass ratio of the farmyard organic fertilizer to the seedling substrate is 1-1.5: 7.
further, in step 22), the seedling substrate is kept wet, and after the seedlings grow to 5-8cm, calcium superphosphate is applied once, wherein the application amount is 0.3-0.4kg/m2
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method adopts a mode of combining physics, chemistry and temperature-changing lamination to ensure that the seed coat of the astragalus seeds repeatedly expands and becomes loose and improve the permeability of the seed coat, thereby ensuring that the influence of external ecological conditions on the seeds is more direct, further improving the emergence rate and shortening the emergence time.
2. The astragalus seedlings cultivated by the method have high biomass and strong growth vigor, and have a leading effect on further improving the astragalus seedling cultivation efficiency and the astragalus seedling quality at present.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. The technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples can be commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-efficiency seedling raising and cultivating method for astragalus, which comprises the following steps:
1) seed treatment
11) Selecting seeds, namely adopting full, brown and glossy mature seeds of astragalus membranaceus plants for more than 3 years;
12) mature seeds were treated as follows:
placing the seeds in a seed treatment solution with the initial temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, treating for 5-8min by using ultrasonic waves with the power of 100W and the frequency of 30-35kHZ, taking out the seeds, and cleaning to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a mixed solution of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration of folic acid is 8-12mg/L, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 2-4 mg/L; the mass volume ratio of the seeds to the seed treatment liquid is 1 kg: 4-5L;
uniformly stirring the primary treated seeds and wet sand with the water content of 30-35%, keeping the temperature at 5-8 ℃ for 3-4h, then heating to 26-28 ℃, and keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the seeds are exposed to white to obtain secondary treated seeds;
2) seedling raising
21) Sowing the secondary treated seeds in a seedling raising pot containing a seedling raising matrix, laying a layer of seedling raising matrix, and watering thoroughly; the seedling culture substrate is prepared from turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite according to the proportion of 3: 2: 2 in a mass ratio; the seedling culture substrate is also added with farmyard organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the farmyard organic fertilizer to the seedling culture substrate is 1-1.5: 7;
22) placing the seedling raising pot in an environment with the temperature of 25 +/-2 and the relative air humidity of 60-80%, wherein the illumination intensity is 300-; placing in an environment with temperature of 23 + -2 deg.C and humidity of 70-80%, illumination intensity of 1400-1500Lx and illumination time of 10-12h/d, continuously treating until the height of radix astragali seedling reaches 15cm, hardening seedling for 5-7 days, transplanting, keeping seedling culture substrate wet during cultivation, and applying calcium phosphate once when the seedling grows to 5-8cm, with application amount of 0.3-0.4kg/m2And, in addition, alsoComprises the step of artificially removing weeds in a timing manner.
Example 1
An efficient seedling culture and cultivation method for astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps:
1) seed treatment
11) Selecting seeds, namely adopting full, brown and glossy mature seeds of astragalus membranaceus plants for more than 3 years, wherein the astragalus membranaceus is selected as astragalus mongholicus;
12) mature seeds were treated as follows:
placing the seeds in a seed treatment solution with the initial temperature of 23 ℃, treating for 5min by using ultrasonic waves with the power of 100W and the frequency of 30kHZ, taking out the seeds, and cleaning to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a mixed solution of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration of folic acid is 8mg/L, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 2 mg/L; the mass volume ratio of the seeds to the seed treatment liquid is 1 kg: 4L;
uniformly stirring the primary treated seeds and wet sand with the water content of 30-35%, keeping the temperature at 5 ℃ for 3h, then heating to 26 ℃, and keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the seeds are exposed to be white to obtain secondary treated seeds;
2) seedling raising
21) Sowing the secondary treated seeds in a seedling raising pot containing a seedling raising substrate, laying a layer of seedling raising substrate (the thickness is 1.5-2cm), and watering thoroughly; the seedling culture substrate is prepared from turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite according to the proportion of 3: 2: 2 in a mass ratio; the seedling culture substrate is also added with farmyard organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the farmyard organic fertilizer to the seedling culture substrate is 1: 7;
22) placing the seedling raising pot in an environment with the temperature of 23 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 60-80%, wherein the illumination intensity is 300Lx, the illumination time is 13h/d, and continuously treating until more than 60% of seeds emerge; placing in an environment with temperature of 21 deg.C and humidity of 70-80%, illumination intensity of 1400Lx and illumination time of 10h/d, continuously treating until the height of radix astragali seedling reaches 15cm, hardening seedling for 5 days (adjusting temperature to be consistent with outdoor during hardening), transplanting, maintaining seedling culture matrix wet during cultivation, and applying calcium phosphate once when seedling grows to 5-8cm, with application amount of 0.3kg/m2
Example 2
1) Seed treatment
11) Seed selection is carried out in the same way as in example 1;
12) mature seeds were treated as follows:
placing the seeds in a seed treatment solution with the initial temperature of 25 ℃, treating for 6min by using ultrasonic waves with the power of 100W and the frequency of 35kHZ, taking out the seeds, and cleaning to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a mixed solution of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration of folic acid is 10mg/L, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 3 mg/L; the mass volume ratio of the seeds to the seed treatment liquid is 1 kg: 4.5L;
uniformly stirring the primary treated seeds and wet sand with the water content of 30-35%, keeping the temperature at 7 ℃ for 3.5h, then heating to 27 ℃, and keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the seeds are exposed to be white to obtain secondary treated seeds;
2) seedling raising
21) Sowing the secondary treated seeds in a seedling raising pot containing a seedling raising matrix, laying a layer of seedling raising matrix, and watering thoroughly; the seedling culture substrate is prepared from turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite according to the proportion of 3: 2: 2 in a mass ratio; the seedling culture substrate is also added with farmyard organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the farmyard organic fertilizer to the seedling culture substrate is 1.3: 7;
22) placing the seedling raising pot in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 60-80%, wherein the illumination intensity is 400Lx, the illumination time is 14h/d, and continuously treating until more than 60% of seeds emerge; placing in an environment with temperature of 23 deg.C and humidity of 70-80%, illumination intensity of 1450Lx and illumination time of 11h/d, continuously treating until the height of radix astragali seedling reaches 15cm, hardening seedling for 6 days, transplanting, keeping seedling culture substrate wet during cultivation, applying calcium phosphate once when the seedling grows to 5-8cm, and applying amount of 0.35kg/m2
Example 3
1) Seed treatment
11) Seed selection is carried out in the same way as in example 1;
12) mature seeds were treated as follows:
placing the seeds in a seed treatment solution with the initial temperature of 27 ℃, treating for 8min by using ultrasonic waves with the power of 100W and the frequency of 35kHZ, taking out the seeds, and cleaning to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a mixed solution of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration of folic acid is 12mg/L, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 4 mg/L; the mass volume ratio of the seeds to the seed treatment liquid is 1 kg: 5L;
uniformly stirring the primary treated seeds and wet sand with the water content of 30-35%, keeping the temperature at 8 ℃ for 4h, then heating to 28 ℃, and keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the seeds are exposed to be white to obtain secondary treated seeds;
2) seedling raising
21) Sowing the secondary treated seeds in a seedling raising pot containing a seedling raising matrix, laying a layer of seedling raising matrix, and watering thoroughly; the seedling culture substrate is prepared from turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite according to the proportion of 3: 2: 2 in a mass ratio; the seedling culture substrate is also added with farmyard organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the farmyard organic fertilizer to the seedling culture substrate is 1.5: 7;
22) placing the seedling raising pot in an environment with the temperature of 27 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 60-80%, wherein the illumination intensity is 500Lx, the illumination time is 15h/d, and continuously treating until more than 60% of seeds emerge; placing in an environment with temperature of 25 deg.C and humidity of 70-80%, illumination intensity of 1500Lx and illumination time of 12h/d, continuously treating until radix astragali seedling height reaches 15cm, hardening seedling for 5-7 days, transplanting, maintaining seedling culture matrix wet during cultivation period, applying calcium phosphate once when seedling grows to 5-8cm, and applying amount of 0.4kg/m2
Comparative example 1
Basically the same as the example 2, the difference is that the seeds are put into the seed treatment solution with the initial temperature of 25 ℃, treated for 6min, taken out and cleaned to obtain the primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a mixed solution of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration of folic acid is 10mg/L, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 3 mg/L; the mass volume ratio of the seeds to the seed treatment liquid is 1 kg: 4.5L.
Comparative example 2
Basically the same as example 2, except that the seeds were placed in water having an initial temperature of 25 ℃ and subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a power of 100W and a frequency of 35kHZ for 6min, and the seeds were taken out and washed to obtain primary treated seeds.
Comparative example 3
Basically the same as example 2, except that the seeds were put in a seed treatment solution with an initial temperature of 25 ℃, treated with ultrasonic waves of 100W power and 35kHZ frequency for 6min, taken out and washed to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a folic acid solution with the concentration of 10 mg/L.
Comparative example 4
Basically the same as example 2, except that the seeds were put in a seed treatment solution with an initial temperature of 25 ℃, treated with ultrasonic waves of 100W power and 35kHZ frequency for 6min, taken out and washed to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 3 mg/L.
Comparative example 5
Basically the same as example 2, except that the primary treated seeds were stirred uniformly with wet sand having a water content of 30-35%, and kept at a constant temperature of 7 ℃ until more than 80% of the seeds appeared white, to obtain secondary treated seeds.
Comparative example 6
Basically the same as example 2, except that the primary treated seeds were stirred uniformly with wet sand having a water content of 30-35%, and kept at a constant temperature of 27 ℃ until more than 80% of the seeds appeared white, to obtain secondary treated seeds.
Comparative example 7
Basically the same as example 2, except that the primary treated seeds and the wet sand with the water content of 30-35% are stirred uniformly, kept at 27 ℃ for 3.5h, then cooled to 7 ℃, kept at constant temperature until more than 80% of the seeds are exposed to white, and secondary treated seeds are obtained.
Comparative example 8
The difference is essentially the same as example 2, except that no treatment is performed.
Comparative example 9
The difference from example 2 is that the seeds were sown directly without secondary treatment.
The effects of the present invention are demonstrated below by taking examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 8 as examples.
(1) 200 seeds are selected in each example and each comparative example, 3 parallel tests are respectively carried out, and the number of days for starting emergence of astragalus seeds and the emergence rate are counted according to the day of sowing.
TABLE 1 initial days of emergence and rate of emergence statistics
Figure BDA0003372024700000091
The results in table 1 show that although the data in examples 1 to 3 are slightly different, the number of days to start emergence was greatly shortened, the rate of emergence was significantly higher than that of the other comparative examples, and more than 96% was observed 30 days after sowing.
(2) And when the height of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings exceeds 15cm, randomly taking 100 seedlings, hardening the seedlings for 6 days, and then counting the survival rate of the hardened seedlings. Before acclimatization, 10 astragalus seedlings were randomly dug, weighed, and the biomass was obtained by averaging the fresh weights of the 10 astragalus seedlings, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 acclimatization survival rate and biomass statistics
Figure BDA0003372024700000092
Figure BDA0003372024700000101
The results in table 2 show that, on the premise of the same seedling raising steps, the survival rate and biomass of the acclimatized seedlings are improved by the primary treatment and the secondary treatment of the seeds, and the comparison shows that the seed treatment solution, the ultrasonic treatment and the temperature-changing layer of the method are deficient, the sequence of the treatments cannot be changed, and otherwise, the technical effect cannot be achieved, so that the method provided by the invention is an optimal technical scheme.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (6)

1. An efficient seedling culture and cultivation method for astragalus membranaceus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment
11) Selecting seeds, adopting full, brown and glossy mature seeds;
12) mature seeds were treated as follows:
placing the seeds in a seed treatment solution with the initial temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃, treating for 5-8min by using ultrasonic waves with the power of 100W and the frequency of 30-35kHZ, taking out the seeds, and cleaning to obtain primary treated seeds; the seed treatment liquid is a mixed solution of folic acid and ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration of folic acid is 8-12mg/L, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate is 2-4 mg/L;
uniformly stirring the primary treated seeds and wet sand with the water content of 30-35%, keeping the temperature at 5-8 ℃ for 3-4h, then heating to 26-28 ℃, and keeping the temperature at constant temperature until the seeds are exposed to white to obtain secondary treated seeds;
2) seedling raising
21) Sowing the secondary treated seeds in a seedling raising pot containing a seedling raising matrix, laying a layer of seedling raising matrix, and watering thoroughly;
22) placing the seedling raising pot in an environment with the temperature of 25 +/-2 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 60-80%, wherein the illumination intensity is 300-; then placing the seedlings in an environment with the temperature of 23 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80%, the illumination intensity of 1400-1500Lx and the illumination time of 10-12h/d, continuing the treatment until the height of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings reaches 15cm, hardening the seedlings for 5-7 days, and then transplanting the seedlings.
2. The method for efficiently cultivating seedlings of astragalus membranaceus according to claim 1, wherein seeds of astragalus membranaceus plants for more than 3 years are adopted in step 11).
3. The high-efficiency seedling raising and cultivating method of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 12), the mass-to-volume ratio of the seeds to the seed treatment solution is 1 kg: 4-5L.
4. The high-efficiency seedling raising and cultivating method for the astragalus membranaceus according to claim 3, wherein in the step 21), the seedling raising matrix is prepared from turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite according to a proportion of 3: 2: 2, and mixing the components in a mass ratio.
5. The efficient astragalus mongholicus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein in step 21), a farmyard organic fertilizer is further added into the seedling culture substrate, and the mass ratio of the farmyard organic fertilizer to the seedling culture substrate is 1-1.5: 7.
6. the method for efficiently cultivating astragalus membranaceus seedlings according to claim 5, wherein in step 22), the seedling cultivation substrate is kept wet, calcium superphosphate is applied once after seedlings grow to 5-8cm, and the application amount is 0.3-0.4kg/m2
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114667822A (en) * 2022-03-29 2022-06-28 内蒙古蒙草草种业有限公司 Method for improving germination rate of astragalus meliloti seeds

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114667822A (en) * 2022-03-29 2022-06-28 内蒙古蒙草草种业有限公司 Method for improving germination rate of astragalus meliloti seeds

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