CN114097444A - Grafting cultivation method of cold-resistant red plum - Google Patents
Grafting cultivation method of cold-resistant red plum Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097444A CN114097444A CN202111314697.6A CN202111314697A CN114097444A CN 114097444 A CN114097444 A CN 114097444A CN 202111314697 A CN202111314697 A CN 202111314697A CN 114097444 A CN114097444 A CN 114097444A
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/34—Nitriles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
- A01N45/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring having three carbocyclic rings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a grafting cultivation method of cold-resistant red plums; the method is characterized in that northern trees are used as stocks, and red plum branches are used as scions for grafting cultivation. According to the invention, the red plum in the south is firstly grafted to a tree in the north, then the red plum is subjected to once overwintering cultivation under the heat preservation condition, and then the grafted red plum branch is grafted to the tree again, so that the grafted red plum has better cold resistance, heat preservation measures are not required for cultivation in the northern region of Huaihe river, and the survival rate after overwintering in the northern mountain region can reach 95%. And the flowering phase of the grafted red plum is advanced, and can be extended from the beginning of 2 months to the middle of 5 months, and the grafted and cultured red plum can be used as a garden ornamental tree for planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garden tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a grafting cultivation method of cold-resistant red plums.
Background
The red plum is one of plum blossom, and the plant can be used in garden, green land, garden, and scenic spot, and can be planted in solitary, cluster, group, etc. The leaves of the red plum are wide in egg shape to egg shape, and the edges of the red plum have fine saw teeth. 1-2 flowers of the flower have no stem or short stem, the flower is light pink or red, and the cultivated variety has purple, red and other colors, and leaves are opened before early spring. The plum kernel is spherical, has suture, is yellow or green, is soft, sour, and has pulp adhered to kernel and fruit ripened in 6-7 months.
However, the red plum is fond of warm climate, the flowering phase is very sensitive to climate change, the red plum is cultivated in the northern part and has the defect of poor cold resistance, cold protection nursing is needed in winter in the northern part, and therefore the popularization of the red plum is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the grafting cultivation method of the cold-resistant red plum.
The grafting cultivation method of the cold-resistant red plum provided by the invention is characterized in that a northern tree is taken as a stock, and a red plum branch is taken as a scion for grafting cultivation;
the northern tree is preferably a peach tree, a plum tree or an apricot tree;
furthermore, the grafting cultivation is that firstly, the red plum branches are grafted to trees of 1-2 years, then, the red plum branches are subjected to overwintering cultivation under the condition of heat preservation, and then, the grafted red plum branches are grafted to northern trees with the age of not less than 3 years for grafting cultivation;
preferably, the red plum branch is firstly grafted on an apricot tree, then the red plum branch is subjected to overwintering cultivation under the heat preservation condition, and then the grafted red plum branch is used as a scion and is grafted on another apricot tree;
the red plum branch is grafted to the root or the branch of the apricot tree;
wherein the grafting is carried out when the outdoor temperature is not lower than 15 ℃;
the grafting operation is to cut a northern tree as a stock to form a tooth-shaped concave slot, and then graft the red plum branch on the stock;
the length of the scion of the red plum branch is 5-6cm, and the thickness of the red plum branch is 0.4-0.6 cm.
In the grafting process, wound healing liquid or nutrient solution commonly used in tree grafting can also be used;
the wound healing liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of auxin IBA solution, 1-4 parts of cyanoacrylate, 2-3 parts of lanolin and 20-30 parts of water;
as a specific description of an embodiment, the nutrient solution is prepared by uniformly mixing phosphorus pentoxide, boric acid and water according to a mass ratio of 3:2: 100.
The grafting method of the invention ensures that the grafted red plum has good cold resistance, does not need to be subjected to heat preservation measures when being cultured in the regions north of the Huaihe river, and can achieve the overwintering survival rate of 95% in the mountainous regions in the north. And the flowering phase of the grafted and cultured red plum is advanced, and can be extended from the beginning of 2 months to the middle of 5 months, and the grafted and cultured red plum can be used as a garden ornamental tree for planting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a statistical chart of the cold tolerance survival rate of the grafted red plum;
FIG. 2 is a statistical graph of the flowering duration of grafted red plums;
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing a flowering state of the grafted red plum of example 3.
Detailed Description
In the process of cultivating the red plums, the problem of how to safely pass the winter always exists after the red plums are transplanted to the north from the south, heat preservation treatment needs to be carried out in winter, and meanwhile, the problem of short flowering phase exists. The invention improves the cold resistance of the red plums by a grafting method, does not need to take heat preservation measures when being cultured in the area to the north of the Huaihe river, can achieve 95 percent of overwintering survival rate under the condition of minus 16 ℃, prolongs the flowering phase, advances the flowering phase from the beginning of 2 months to the last ten days of 5 months, and the red plums which are not grafted and modified have the natural flowering phase from 3 months to the beginning of 5 months in the mountain area of the Qingdao.
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Example 1 the branches of southern red plum are used as scions and northern plum are used as rootstocks
In 2017, in 3 months, the reported tree grafting method is adopted for grafting and cultivating the red plum, and the specific method comprises the following steps: selecting 10 Qingdao Laoshan mountain plum-tree stumps with moderate density, proper orientation, health and no diseases or insect pests as stocks, watering and applying base fertilizer to the stocks one week before grafting, cutting off the stocks, flattening the sections, cutting a longitudinal cut on the cortex of the stocks, and then treating with a disinfectant.
Cutting off lateral branches near branches to be grafted from red plums from the four Ming mountains in Zhejiang; selecting a robust and plump red plum branch without diseases and insect pests as a scion, cutting off branches and leaves, cutting the scion into a single inclined plane with the length of 5-6cm, cutting off a knife on each side of the back of the single inclined plane; dipping the scion in molten low-temperature paraffin liquid to uniformly stick a layer of wax film on the surface of the scion, quickly dipping the wax film in a cold and ventilated place, wherein the thinner the wax film is, the better the wax film is, cooling the scion in cold water after the wax dipping is finished, wiping the scion, putting the scion in a braided bag, and storing the scion in a 2-5 ℃ condition for later use.
Grafting in the middle ten days of 2 months, performing at the temperature of more than 15 ℃, inserting the prepared scion from the cut of the stock along the middle of the xylem and the phloem, enabling the single inclined plane of the scion to face the xylem of the stock, enabling the scion to be matched with the cut, coating a binder, tightly binding the cut with a plastic film strip, and then wrapping 3-6 layers of cloth on the outer layer to achieve the heat preservation effect; a bactericide is coated around the bound interface to prevent the damage of plant diseases and insect pests; and cultivating according to a conventional tree cultivation method.
Example 2 Using the branches of southern red plum as scion and northern apricot as rootstock
In 3 months in 2017, apricot trees in the north are used as stocks, and the branches of the red plum are used as scions for grafting cultivation;
grafting the red plum branches onto branches of 2-year-old apricots for grafting cultivation, wherein the grafting is carried out when the outdoor temperature is not lower than 15 ℃. The length of the scion of the selected red plum branch is 5-6cm, and the diameter of the selected red plum branch is 4-5 mm.
In order to promote the healing of grafting wounds, wound healing liquid or nutrient solution commonly used in tree grafting is used in the grafting process; the wound healing liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of auxin IBA solution, 1-4 parts of cyanoacrylate, 2-3 parts of lanolin and 20-30 parts of water;
the preparation method of the wound healing liquid comprises the following steps: putting the auxin IBA solution into a stirrer; adding cyanoacrylate and water into the stirrer, and stirring at the rotation speed of 300-400r/min for 20-30min to obtain mixed liquid; filtering the mixed solution by a 200-mesh screen to prepare a wound healing liquid;
a nutrient solution is prepared by uniformly mixing phosphorus pentoxide, boric acid and water according to a mass ratio of 3:2: 100.
Before grafting the red plum branches to the stocks, placing the red plum branches in a humid environment with the temperature environment of 1-5 ℃ for activation treatment, then placing the activated scions in water for soaking for 20-24h, finally cutting the base parts of the scions into wedge shapes, before grafting the red plum branches to the bricks, further obliquely cutting the stocks at a position 0.6-0.8m away from the ground until the stocks reach cambiums, continuously cutting the stocks flatly and downwards, and then obliquely cutting the stocks inwards at the lower ends to form tooth-shaped concave slots.
Inserting the base part of the scion into a dentate concave slot of the stock, pouring wound healing liquid or nutrient solution into the grafting position, winding and binding the grafting film at the joint, smearing bactericide around the binding position, taking down the grafting film after 40-50 days of grafting, tightly pinching the binding part by hand without moving, binding the grafting film by the other hand for several circles, sealing the upper port of the scion to expose the bud head, and then binding.
After grafting, slurry mixed with amidazole can be selected as the bactericide.
After the scion is grafted on the stock, a fertilizing pit is dug around the base of the stock, compound fertilizer and water are added into the fertilizing pit, and then the fertilizing pit is filled with soil.
When the new branch of the scion grows to 20-30cm, binding a protective cover on the stock to enable the new branch to be positioned in the protective cover, wherein the used protective cover is a transparent cover, and uniformly arranging 1-2mm ventilation holes on the protective cover.
After the cultivation for nearly 8 months, the grafted red plum is overwintering outdoors; meanwhile, 20 grafted red plums are selected for heat preservation and overwintering.
Example 3: the grafted red plum branch is used as a scion and is grafted on the apricot tree again
After the 20 grafted red plums in the example 2 are subjected to heat preservation and overwintering, branches of the red plums are cut as scions when the temperature rises to 15 ℃ in spring of the next year, and the red plums are grafted onto apricot trees of 4 years of age and cultivated for overwintering.
Example 4: effect of grafting red plum
The red plums grafted in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 are respectively cultivated in a Qingdao Laoshan cultivation base for one summer day, overwintering is carried out under the outdoor heat-preservation condition, and statistics of cold-resistant survival rate (the temperature of Laoshan mountain is minus 5-15 ℃) and spring flowering phase are carried out, and the results are respectively shown in a figure 1 and a figure 2.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the survival rates of example 1, example 2 and example 3 after overwintering were 19%, 96% and 97%, respectively, and thus, when the red plums were grafted onto the apricot trees, the grafted red plums had better cold resistance than the wild red plums, and no heat preservation measures were required during overwintering in the region north of the river.
Moreover, the flowering phase of the grafted red plums in the example 1 is 4-5 months, the flowering phase of the grafted red plums in the example 2 is 2-4 months, and the flowering phase of the grafted red plums in the example 3 is 2-5 mid-month, which shows that the flowering phase of the grafted and cultured red plums is advanced and is obviously prolonged. And the red plum branch is firstly grafted on the apricot tree, then the red plum branch is cultivated through winter for the first time under the condition of heat preservation, the grafted red plum branch is used as a scion, and the grafted red plum obtained by grafting on another apricot tree is grafted again, and the flowering phase of the grafted red plum is obviously prolonged (figure 2). Moreover, the grafted red plum has more flowers and is more vivid (fig. 3).
In conclusion, the grafting method is adopted, the grafted red plum has good cold resistance after the red plum in the south is grafted on the apricot tree, the flowering phase of the red plum is advanced and can be prolonged from 2 months to 5 months, and the grafted and cultured red plum can be used as a garden ornamental tree for planting.
Claims (10)
1. The grafting cultivation method of the cold-resistant red plum is characterized in that a northern tree is used as a stock, and a red plum branch is used as a scion for grafting cultivation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the northern trees are peach trees, plum trees, or apricot trees.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting cultivation is performed by grafting the red plum branch to a tree of 1 to 2 years, performing one overwintering cultivation under a heat preservation condition, and grafting the grafted red plum branch to a northern tree of not less than 3 years old.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the grafting is carried out by grafting the branches of the red plum to the roots or the branches of the apricot trees.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafting is performed at an outdoor temperature of not less than 15 ℃.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting operation comprises the steps of cutting a northern tree as the stock to form a dentate concave slot, and grafting the red plum branch onto the stock.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the scion length of the branches of the prune is 5 to 6cm, and the thickness thereof is 0.4 to 0.6 cm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said grafting culture uses wound healing or nutrient solution during grafting.
9. The culture method according to claim 8, wherein the wound healing liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of auxin IBA solution, 1-4 parts of cyanoacrylate, 2-3 parts of lanolin and 20-30 parts of water.
10. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by uniformly mixing phosphorus pentoxide, boric acid and water in a mass ratio of 3:2: 100.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111314697.6A CN114097444A (en) | 2021-11-08 | 2021-11-08 | Grafting cultivation method of cold-resistant red plum |
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| CN202111314697.6A CN114097444A (en) | 2021-11-08 | 2021-11-08 | Grafting cultivation method of cold-resistant red plum |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102379216A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-03-21 | 朱志奇 | Method for breeding plum blossom in true mume group by grafting on apricot tree |
| CN103477875A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-01-01 | 桑世标 | Rapid cultivation method for grafting plum by using large peach trees as rootstocks |
| CN105075682A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-25 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Method for grafting red plum and peach |
| CN105815122A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-03 | 旌德县隐龙梅园生态农场 | Method for grafting and seedling red plum |
| CN106518428A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-03-22 | 扬州大学（如皋）花木产业研究院 | Nutrient solution for healing of flower and tree grafting wounds |
| CN107548937A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-09 | 界首市家丰家庭农场 | A kind of method for improving ginseng banyan graft survival rate |
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2021
- 2021-11-08 CN CN202111314697.6A patent/CN114097444A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102379216A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-03-21 | 朱志奇 | Method for breeding plum blossom in true mume group by grafting on apricot tree |
| CN103477875A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-01-01 | 桑世标 | Rapid cultivation method for grafting plum by using large peach trees as rootstocks |
| CN105075682A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-11-25 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Method for grafting red plum and peach |
| CN105815122A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-03 | 旌德县隐龙梅园生态农场 | Method for grafting and seedling red plum |
| CN106518428A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-03-22 | 扬州大学（如皋）花木产业研究院 | Nutrient solution for healing of flower and tree grafting wounds |
| CN107548937A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-09 | 界首市家丰家庭农场 | A kind of method for improving ginseng banyan graft survival rate |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 徐成文: "盆栽梅花的嫁接繁殖", 《四川农业科技》 * |
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