CN114093975A - 一种钙钛矿红外探测器的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
光电探测器是一种基于光电效应将辐射能转化为电信号的器件，由于光电探测器在人们生活中以及国防建设中发挥重要的作用，其发展十分迅速。现有红外光电探测器主要是基于二维材料、有机聚合物材料以及异质结材料制得的，基于以上材料的制备方法不仅成本高昂，制备工艺复杂，而且对于波长在800nm‑900nm的红外光探测灵敏度低，响应比较慢，很难大规模应用于工业领域。本发明目的在于提供一种对于800nm‑900nm的红外光实现高灵敏探测的光电探测器，解决目前红外探测器制备方法成本高昂以及工艺复杂等问题。上述红外光电探测器包括三层，分别是：衬底层、钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜以及金属电极层。其中钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜是以APbX3纳米晶为基质材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电领域，涉及一种红外探测器及制备方法。
背景技术
光电探测器是一种基于光电效应将辐射能转化为电信号的器件，由于光电探测器在人们生活中以及国防建设中发挥重要的作用，其发展十分迅速。随着各种在光电材料领域的不断探索，光电探测器的制造工艺不断改进，光电探测器的相关性能也有了很大的改善。
现有红外光电探测器主要是基于二维材料、有机聚合物材料以及异质结材料制得的，基于以上材料的制备方法不仅成本高昂，制备工艺复杂，而且对于波长在800nm-900nm的红外光探测灵敏度低，响应比较慢，很难大规模应用于工业领域。
附图说明
图1为钙钛矿纳米薄膜的扫描电镜（SEM）形貌图；
图2为该探测器的不同波长下的灵敏度测试图；
图3为该探测器的光电流随时间变化图；
图4为该探测器在不同光强下的响应度；
图5为该探测器在不同光强下的灵敏度；
图6为该探测器的结构图。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种对于800nm-900nm的红外光实现高灵敏探测的光电探测器，解决目前红外探测器制备方法成本高昂以及工艺复杂等问题。上述红外光电探测器包括三层，分别是：衬底层、钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜以及金属电极层。其中钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜是以APbX3纳米晶为基质材料。实现本发明技术的方案如下：
衬底层采用的是ITO导电玻璃，将衬底层放置在超声机中清洗，得到清洁的衬底层。将洁净基底放置在旋涂仪上，在其上滴加事先配置好的钙钛矿前驱液进行旋转涂膜。在退火过程中运用极性溶剂处理，使纳米晶薄膜更好的再结晶。通过气相沉积在纳米薄膜上蒸镀一层金属电极层。
本发明提供的红外光电探测器包括三层，在底部是ITO衬底层，覆盖在衬底层上的是钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜，钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜是以APbX3为基质的材料，在钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜上的是金属金电极层，其中A＝Cs+， HC(NH2)2 +；X＝Cl-，Br-，I-。A位掺杂FA可以实现对红外光的吸收，该红外光电探测器可准确探测850nm 的红外光，检测灵敏度可以达到响应度达到1*1011-1.2*1011Jones，响应速度可达到12.1-13.5A/W。并且该发明制备简单，性能稳定且可靠，具有很大的市场前景。
本发明与现有技术相比，优势为：
1)采用一步法制备钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜，工艺简单，价格低廉。
2)能够实现对850nm红外光的高效探测，探测灵敏度可达到1*1011-1.2*1011Jones，响应速度快，可达到12.1-13.5A/W。
3)本发明具有很高的稳定性和可靠性，市场前景广阔。
具体实施方式
1)取ITO导电玻璃片，依次经过洗洁精、去离子水、无水乙醇以及丙酮超声清洗，再进行紫外臭氧清洗，以保持基片洁净。
2)按照体积比DMF：DMSO＝4:1配置钙钛矿前驱体溶剂，溶质采用CsI、FAI、PbBr2、PbI2按照一定比例配置，将溶剂与溶质混合，在70℃下加热搅拌12小时使其充分溶解，配置获得1mL1.25-1.5mol/L的APbX3钙钛矿前驱体溶液。
3)将洁净的ITO放置于旋涂仪上，并在其上滴加200μL钙钛矿前驱体溶液，在3000rpm下旋涂30s，在第8s后快速滴下甲苯。旋涂好的基片在100℃下退火10min。
4)最后，采用真空蒸镀的方法在钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜上蒸镀一层金。在高电阻蒸镀仪中放入金粒，对反应室抽真空直至低于5*10-5pa，提升蒸发电流使金粒融化，蒸镀1.5h。
下面对本发明方法制得的红外光电探测器的性能进行测试，对本发明的技术效果进行进一步说明：
测试一、扫描电镜的测定
采用台式扫描电镜JCM-7000利用聚焦得非常细的高能电子束在光电探测器上进行扫描，通过对这些信息的放大成像，对表面形貌进行观察。
测试二、光谱测试
测试三、850nm红外探测器测试
室温条件下，在连续的850nm光源照射下，使用SolarCellScan100光电转换仪对本发明方法制得的红外光电探测器所得的光电流信号进行记录。在不同激光发光功率密度可以得到电流强度，最后通过公式计算得出本发明制实施得的红外探测器的响应度以及灵敏度。
Claims (6)
1.一种红外光电探测器包括：ITO衬底层、钙钛矿纳米晶薄膜、电极层。钙钛矿薄膜采用APbX3为基质材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的红外探测器，其钙钛矿薄膜特征为A位为Cs+，HC(NH2)2 +混合，X位为Cl-，Br-，I-混合。
3.如权利要求1所述的红外探测器，其特征是采用金电极。
4.如权利要求书1-3所述的红外探测器，其制备方法是:对衬底层进行清洁处理，在衬底层上滴加配置好的钙钛矿前驱体溶液，利用旋涂方法制备钙钛矿薄膜，利用蒸镀再镀一层金电极。
5.如权利要求1-4所述的红外探测器，其钙钛矿前驱体溶液的溶剂使用的是体积比为4:1的DMF与DMSO混合液，采用CsI、FAI、PbBr2、PbI2形成溶质。
6.如权利要求书1-5任意一项所述的红外探测器制备方法，由以下步骤制得：
取导电玻璃片依次经过洗洁精、去离子水、无水乙醇以及丙酮超声清洗，再经烘干后保持导电玻璃片洁净干燥。按照体积比为4:1加入DMF和DMSO配置钙钛矿前驱体溶剂，按照一定比例加入CsI、FAI、PbBr2、PbI2，经振荡加热配置得到1.25-1.5mol/L的钙钛矿前驱体溶液备用。在洁净干燥的ITO玻璃上旋涂预先配置的溶液，并利用甲苯进行反溶剂处理。旋涂好的基片在100℃进行退火处理，最后，采取真空蒸镀的方法在纳米薄膜上镀一层金，制备获得钙钛矿红外探测器。
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