CN114088316A - Fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and dynamic operation pressure regulating and controlling method - Google Patents
Fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and dynamic operation pressure regulating and controlling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114088316A CN114088316A CN202111395028.6A CN202111395028A CN114088316A CN 114088316 A CN114088316 A CN 114088316A CN 202111395028 A CN202111395028 A CN 202111395028A CN 114088316 A CN114088316 A CN 114088316A
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method, which comprise the following steps: the pressure-bearing cylinder temperature pressure assembly, the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly, the fluid circulation assembly and the data recording system can simulate the circulating flow of a fracturing ball sealing structure and high-temperature and high-pressure operation fluid, can test the dissolution performance, the sealing performance and the pressure-bearing performance of a fracturing ball, can measure the diameter and the leakage amount of the fracturing ball in experimental periods of soaking time, pressure-bearing time, fracturing fluid dissolution time and clear water dissolution time under different temperature, confining pressure and operation pressure conditions, can analyze and draw a dynamic attenuation curve of the critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball along with the operation time by calculating the diameter change rate and the leakage speed of the fracturing ball in different experimental periods, can establish the numerical relationship between the attenuation value of the sealing pressure of the fracturing ball and the operation time, can establish a pressure dynamic regulation and control operation system, can ensure that the fracturing ball is safe and efficient in the whole service period, and can fully play the efficacy of fracturing operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining exploitation, in particular to a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method.
Background
Along with the production requirement of safe and efficient exploration and development of special oil and gas reservoirs, the large-scale staged fracturing technology is rapidly developed, the used downhole tools are also developed towards the degradable direction from drillable and easy-to-drill, wherein the fracturing ball is the key of various staged fracturing tools, and various downhole tools such as a degradable fracturing ball, a ball seat, a bridge plug and the like produced by high-strength degradable composite metal materials are formed, the degradable materials have small density and light weight, good mechanical property and high-temperature resistance, can be automatically degraded in a saline water environment, overcomes the defects of difficult salvage and difficult drilling and milling of the conventional downhole tools, but the degradable characteristics lead the sealing property and the construction time to become the key contradiction for the exertion of the operation efficacy of the downhole tools, a scientific and reasonable fracturing ball sealing property testing method is urgently needed, the change rule of the fracturing ball sealing pressure in the downhole working condition environment along with the time is tested through experimental simulation, the critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball is analyzed, and the applicability of the fracturing ball in the underground working condition is judged, so that an experimental method and basis are provided for optimizing the material of the fracturing ball and optimizing the sealing structure, the fracturing ball is ensured to be safe and efficient in the whole service period, the HSE risk of the fracturing operation of a special oil-gas reservoir is reduced, and the fracturing operation effect is fully exerted.
According to the fracturing construction requirement, the main properties of the common soluble fracturing ball comprise density, mechanical property, temperature resistance, pressure bearing property, medium resistance and dissolution rate, materials such as a magnesium-aluminum-based nano composite material, a controllable electrolytic nano metal material (CEM), polycarboxyacetic acid (PGA) and the like are mainly used, and according to the fracturing operation time, the material of the fracturing ball is preferably selected to ensure that the degradable time meets the construction operation time requirement; according to the temperature, the pressure and the fracturing operation parameters of the shaft, the fracturing ball, the ball seat and the bridge plug structure are designed, so that the comprehensive use performance of the fracturing ball, the ball seat and the bridge plug structure meets the working condition requirement of the shaft. The working conditions of deep wells, ultra-deep wells and horizontal wells of special oil and gas reservoirs are complex, the influence mechanisms of the dissolution rate, the medium resistance, the bearing capacity and the sealing performance of the fracturing ball can be reduced under different shaft working conditions and environments and different fracturing operation parameters, a manufacturer needs to optimize the material and the sealing structure of the fracturing ball according to the sealing performance of the fracturing ball under specific well conditions, and an oil field service side needs to reasonably determine the fracturing operation time and the operation pressure according to the performance of the fracturing ball.
In conclusion, the indoor testing method for the sealing performance of the fracturing ball has extremely important value in the aspects of theory and engineering, but at present, the sealing performance of the handheld fracturing ball is mainly analyzed by methods such as dissolution rate, material structure design, finite element and the like, and the testing method for testing the sealing performance of the fracturing ball by using an indoor simulation experiment is few, so that the sealing pressure of the fracturing ball is seriously influenced by detection and evaluation of manufacturers and oilfield service parties, and the research and development of the fracturing ball and the continuous improvement of the comprehensive use performance are limited.
In order to solve the problem that a uniform and applicable fracturing ball sealing performance evaluation means does not exist, the invention provides a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method, a testing device for intelligently monitoring a fracturing ball sealing pressure curve and leakage amount in real time by simulating the working condition of fracturing operation is formed, the applicability of a fracturing ball in the operation process is judged by analyzing the change rate of the diameter of the fracturing ball and the change rule of the leakage speed under different fracturing operation parameters, and the HSE risk of the fracturing operation is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method, and overcomes the defects in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device comprises: the device comprises a pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly, a pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly, a fluid circulation assembly and a data recording system;
the pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly realizes the simulation of a fracturing ball sealing structure and the operation working condition;
the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly realizes the sealing state and the pressure-bearing test of the pressure-bearing cylinder temperature-pressure assembly;
the fluid circulation assembly realizes the circulation flow of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid between the pressure bearing barrel warm-pressing assembly and the outside;
the data recording system realizes real-time detection and recording of the temperature and pressure parameters and the size parameters of the whole testing device.
The pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly comprises a pressure-bearing cylinder, a fracturing ball and a ball seat sealing surface;
the hydraulic cylinder and the heating sleeve are sequentially arranged outside the pressure-bearing cylinder, confining pressure is applied to the pressure-bearing cylinder through the hydraulic cylinder, the temperature of the pressure-bearing cylinder can be raised through the heating sleeve, simulation of the operation condition of the fracturing ball in the pressure-bearing cylinder is achieved, and the size of the sealing pressure of the fracturing ball and the sealing structure under the operation condition and the operation parameters is tested;
a ball seat sealing surface is arranged in the pressure-bearing cylinder, the fracturing ball is a fracturing ball with dissoluble characteristics and is positioned on the ball seat sealing surface, and the simulation of the fracturing ball sealing structure is realized;
a sapphire window is also arranged on the pressure bearing cylinder.
The pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly comprises an upper plug and a lower plug; one end of the upper plug is connected with the upper part of the pressure bearing barrel through air-tight threads, the other end of the upper plug is provided with an upper sealing pressure ring, and the upper plug is connected with a booster valve through an upper plug straight-through joint; gas-liquid phase fluid passes through the pressure bearing cylinder through the pressure increasing valve, and the closed system is pressurized;
one end of the lower plug is connected with the lower part of the pressure bearing barrel through air-tight threads, the other end of the lower plug is provided with a lower sealing press ring, and the lower sealing press ring is connected with a pressure relief valve through a lower plug straight-through connector; and discharging gas-liquid phase fluid in the pressure bearing cylinder through the pressure relief valve.
The fluid circulation assembly comprises a liquid storage tank, a peristaltic pump and a booster pump;
an inlet tee joint is arranged at the inlet of the liquid storage tank and is respectively connected with a fluid pressure relief one-way valve and a liquid injection valve; the fluid pressure relief one-way valve is connected with the pressure relief valve; the fluid pressure relief one-way valve realizes one-way flow of leakage fluid to the liquid storage tank, and the liquid injection valve realizes injection and replacement of operation fluid into the liquid storage tank;
an outlet tee joint is arranged at the outlet of the liquid storage tank and is respectively connected with a liquid discharge valve and a peristaltic valve; the peristaltic valve is connected with the peristaltic pump;
the peristaltic pump is connected with the fluid pressurization one-way valve; the one-way circulation flow of the fluid to the pressurizing tee joint through the fluid pressurizing one-way valve is realized through the peristaltic pump; the circulation flow of internal high-pressure fluid of the pressure bearing cylinder under the conditions of different temperatures and confining pressure in the operation process is simulated;
the booster pump is connected with the booster tee; the pressure charging tee joint is also respectively connected with a fluid pressure charging one-way valve and a pressure charging valve on a high-pressure pipeline; the booster pump boosts the pressure-bearing cylinder through fluid in the high-pressure pipeline.
The data recording system comprises a pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor, a leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor, a vortex flowmeter, a size detector and a data recorder;
the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor is arranged in the inner cavity of the upper plug and is used for detecting the temperature and the pressure of fluid applied to the upper part of the fracturing ball in real time;
the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor is arranged in the lower plug and is used for detecting the pressure and temperature of fluid leaked through the fracturing ball in real time;
the vortex flowmeter is arranged between the pressure release valve and the fluid pressure release one-way valve, and detects the flow of the leaked fluid in the whole operation period in real time;
the size detector is arranged at the sapphire window and is used for detecting the diameter of the fracturing ball in real time;
the data recorder is respectively connected with the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor, the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor, the vortex flowmeter and the size detector, and is used for monitoring and recording temperature and pressure parameters, fluid leakage amount and a fracturing ball size data curve in real time.
The dynamic regulation and control method for the operating pressure of the fracturing ball sealing performance testing device comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the working condition parameters and the fracturing operation parameters of the fracturing section, the formation temperature T and the confining pressure P of the target well section are determinedpDensity rho of fracturing fluid, operation well depth H and operation pressure P0Determining the original diameter R of the fracturing ball, and determining the soaking time t of the fracturing ball in the operation process1Bearing time t2Time t of fracturing fluid dissolution3Time t of dissolution in clear water4；
S2: putting the fracturing ball into a pressure bearing cylinder to keep sealing with the sealing surface of the ball seat;
s3: injecting the fracturing fluid for operation into the liquid storage tank through the liquid injection valve, opening the peristaltic pump to pump the fracturing fluid into the pressure bearing cylinder, and applying confining pressure P to the pressure bearing cylinder through the hydraulic cylinderpHeating the pressure-bearing cylinder to a temperature T through a heating sleeve; opening the size detector, and measuring the initial diameter R of the fracturing ball through a sapphire window0Setting a data recorder to record relevant experimental parameters;
s4: at a temperature T and a confining pressure PpAnd carrying out fracturing ball dissolution performance test under the condition of fracturing fluid column pressure rho g H until the soaking time reaches t1During the period, the diameter of the fracturing ball is detected every 10 minutes, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected through a vortex flowmeter, and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are drawnpFracturing ball diameter R ', leakage quantity Q' and soaking time t under the condition of fracturing fluid liquid column pressure rho g H1The relation curve of (c);
s5: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure PpThe booster pump is started to increase the pressure in the pressure-bearing cylinder to the working pressure P without changing0Carrying out a fracturing ball bearing capacity experiment until the bearing time reaches t2During the period, the temperature T and the confining pressure P can be adjusted according to the working conditionpAnd the working pressure P0Carrying out temperature and pressure alternation, simultaneously detecting the diameter of the fracturing ball every 10 minutes, continuously detecting the leakage quantity Q' through a vortex flowmeter, and drawing the temperature T and the confining pressure PpFracturing fluid operating pressure P0Fracturing ball diameter R ', leakage quantity Q' and bearing time t under alternating conditions2The relationship curve of (1);
s6: holdingTemperature T, confining pressure PpOperating pressure P0The fracturing fluid dissolution experiment after the fracturing ball bearing is carried out until the dissolution time reaches t3While the diameter of the fracturing ball was measured once every 5 minutes, and the leakage quantity Q 'was continuously measured by a vortex flowmeter'1Plotting temperature T and confining pressure PpOperating pressure P0Fracturing ball diameter R 'under conditions'1Leakage amount Q'1And dissolution time t3The relationship curve of (1);
s7: draining fracturing fluid through a fluid discharge valve, injecting clear water through a fluid injection valve, and starting a peristaltic pump to repeatedly and circularly clean a pressure bearing cylinder, a high-pressure pipeline and all parts of the device;
s8: at a temperature T and a confining pressure PpUnder the clean water condition, a clean water dissolution experiment is carried out after the fracturing ball bears pressure until the dissolution time reaches t4While the diameter of the fracturing ball was measured once every 5 minutes, and the leakage quantity Q 'was continuously measured by a vortex flowmeter'2Plotting temperature T and confining pressure PpFracturing ball diameter R 'under clear water conditions'2Leakage quantity Q'2And dissolution time t4The relationship curve of (1);
s9: selecting a series of different temperatures T and confining pressures P according to the temperature and pressure field of the target wellpRepeating the steps S1-S4 to obtain a series of temperatures T and confining pressures PpUnder the condition of soaking time t1In the experimental period of (4), the change rate epsilon of the diameter of the fracturing ball is calculated as [ (R-R ')/R '/from the change relation curve of the diameter R ' and the leakage quantity Q]X 100 percent, and evaluating the dissolvability and the sealing performance of the fracturing ball under different temperature and pressure conditions;
s10: selecting a series of different working pressures P according to fracturing working parameters0Repeating the step S5, the series of temperature T and confining pressure P can be measuredpOperating pressure P0Under the condition of bearing time t2In an experimental period, a variation relation curve of the fracturing ball diameter R 'and the leakage quantity Q';
s11: repeating step S6, series of temperature T and confining pressure P can be measuredpOperating pressure P0Under the condition, the dissolution time t of the fracturing fluid3Fracturing ball diameter R 'in experimental period'1Leakage amount Q'1The variation relation curve of (2);
s12: repeating the steps S7-S8 to obtain a series of temperatures T and confining pressures PpUnder the condition of clean water, the dissolution time t of the clean water4Fracturing ball diameter R 'in experimental period'2Leakage quantity Q'2The variation relation curve of (2);
s13: calculating the soaking time t1Bearing time t2And dissolution time t of fracturing fluid3And the time t for dissolving with clear water4The diameter change rate and the leakage amount of the fracturing ball in the experimental period are drawn, and the diameter change rate epsilon of the fracturing ball is drawn1、ε2、ε3And ε4And leakage amounts Q ', Q ', Q '1、Q′2And the working pressure P0The relationship curve of (1);
s14: and drawing a dynamic attenuation curve of the critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball along with the operation time, establishing a numerical relation between the sealing pressure attenuation value of the fracturing ball and the operation time, making a pressure dynamic regulation and control operation system, ensuring that the fracturing ball is effectively sealed in the whole service period, and fully exerting the effect of the fracturing operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(A) the test device can simulate the working conditions of the fracturing ball sealing structure and the circulating flow of high-temperature and high-pressure operation fluid, and realize the test of the dissolution performance, the sealing performance and the pressure-bearing performance of the fracturing ball;
(B) under different conditions of temperature, pressure and operating pressure, a relation curve of the diameter of the fracturing ball along with the operating time and a relation curve of the operating pressure and the leakage amount can be measured, and the critical sealing pressure and the diameter change rate of the fracturing ball under different operating conditions are calculated;
(C) by analyzing the critical sealing pressure dynamic attenuation curve of the fracturing ball and according to the numerical relation between the sealing pressure attenuation and the operation time, an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control system can be formulated, and the safe and efficient operation of the fracturing ball in the whole service period is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device includes: the device comprises a pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly, a pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly, a fluid circulation assembly and a data recording system.
The pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly comprises: the simulation system comprises a pressure bearing cylinder 1, a hydraulic cylinder 4, a heating sleeve 5, a fracturing ball 8 and a ball seat sealing surface 9, and realizes the simulation of a fracturing ball sealing structure and the operation working condition;
the pressure-bearing cylinder seal assembly comprises: the upper plug 2, the lower plug 3, the upper plug straight-through joint 6, the lower plug straight-through joint 7, the upper sealing press ring 10 and the lower sealing press ring 11 are used for realizing the sealing state and the pressure-bearing test of the pressure-bearing cylinder;
the fluid circulation assembly includes: the device comprises a booster valve 12, a fluid booster one-way valve 13, a peristaltic pump 14, a pressure release valve 15, a fluid pressure release one-way valve 17, a liquid storage tank 18, a liquid injection valve 19, a liquid discharge valve 20, a tank inlet tee joint 21, a tank outlet tee joint 22, a booster tee joint 23, a booster pump 24, a high-pressure pipeline 25 and a peristaltic valve 31, and realizes the circulating flow of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid;
the data recording system includes: the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26, the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27, the vortex flowmeter 16, the data recorder 28, the sapphire window 29 and the size detector 30 realize real-time detection and recording of temperature and pressure parameters and size parameters of the whole testing device.
The pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly consists of a pressure-bearing cylinder 1, a fracturing ball 8 and a ball seat sealing surface 9, the ball seat sealing surface 9 is arranged in the pressure-bearing cylinder 1, the fracturing ball 8 is positioned on the ball seat sealing surface 9, the fracturing ball 8 can be set into fracturing balls with various materials and dissoluble characteristics, the ball seat sealing surface 9 can be set into various forms of a concave surface, a convex surface and a conical surface, and the simulation of various fracturing ball sealing structures can be realized; the hydraulic cylinder 4, the heating sleeve 5 and the sapphire window 29 are sequentially arranged outside the pressure bearing cylinder 1, confining pressure can be applied to the pressure bearing cylinder 1 through the hydraulic cylinder 4, the temperature of the pressure bearing cylinder 1 can be raised through the heating sleeve 5, simulation of operation conditions of fracturing balls in a shaft can be achieved, the sizes of sealing pressures of the fracturing balls and the sealing structure under test operation conditions are tested, applicability of the fracturing balls under different operation conditions and operation parameters is evaluated, and dynamic regulation and control of operation pressure are achieved.
The pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly consists of an upper plug 2, a lower plug 3 and a pressure-bearing cylinder 1 to form a closed system, wherein one end of the upper plug 2 is connected with the upper part of the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 through a gas-tight thread, the other end of the upper plug is provided with an upper sealing pressure ring 10, and the upper plug is connected with a pressure valve 12 through an upper plug straight-through joint 6; one end of the lower plug 3 is connected with the lower part of the pressure bearing barrel 1 through an air-tight seal thread, the other end of the lower plug is provided with a lower seal press ring 11, and the lower plug is connected with a pressure release valve 15 through a lower plug straight-through joint 7; gas-liquid phase fluid can pass through the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 through the booster valve 12, and the closed system is pressurized; the gas-liquid phase fluid in the pressure bearing cylinder can be discharged through the pressure relief valve 15; the introduction of the fluid in the closed system, the application of the temperature and pressure conditions are realized, the influence of the introduced fluid on the size and the sealing performance of the fracturing ball 8 under the set temperature and pressure conditions is tested, and the applicability of the fracturing ball 8 under the temperature, pressure and fluid working conditions is evaluated.
The fluid circulation assembly comprises a liquid storage tank 18, a peristaltic pump 14 and a booster pump 24; an inlet tee joint 21 is arranged at the inlet of the liquid storage tank 18, and the inlet tee joint 21 is respectively connected with the fluid pressure relief one-way valve 17 and the liquid injection valve 19; the fluid pressure relief one-way valve 17 is connected with a pressure relief valve 15; the fluid pressure relief one-way valve 17 realizes one-way flow of leakage fluid to the liquid storage tank 18, and the liquid injection valve 19 realizes injection and replacement of operation fluid into the liquid storage tank 18; an outlet tee 22 is arranged at the outlet of the liquid storage tank 18, and the outlet tee 22 is respectively connected with the liquid discharge valve 20 and the peristaltic valve 31; the peristaltic valve 31 is connected with the peristaltic pump 14; the peristaltic pump 14 is connected with the fluid pressurization one-way valve 13; the peristaltic pump 14 realizes the unidirectional circulation flow of the fluid to the pressurizing tee 23 through the fluid pressurizing one-way valve 13; the circulation flow of internal high-pressure fluid of the pressure bearing cylinder 1 under different temperature and confining pressure conditions in the operation process is simulated; the booster pump 24 is connected with the booster tee 23; the pressurization tee 23 is also respectively connected with a fluid pressurization one-way valve 13 and a pressurization valve 12 on a high-pressure pipeline 25; the booster pump 24 boosts the pressure-containing cylinder 1 by the fluid in the high-pressure line 25.
The data recording system consists of a pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26, a leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27, a vortex flowmeter 16, a size detector 30 and a data recorder 28, wherein the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26 is arranged in the inner cavity of the upper plug 2 and can detect the temperature and the pressure of fluid applied to the upper part of the fracturing ball 8 in real time; the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27 is arranged in the lower plug 3, and can detect the pressure and temperature of fluid leaked through the fracturing ball 8 in real time; the vortex flowmeter 16 is arranged between the pressure release valve 15 and the fluid pressure release one-way valve 17, and the vortex flowmeter 16 can detect the flow of the leaked fluid in the whole operation period in real time; the size detector 30 is arranged at the sapphire window 29 and can detect the diameter of the fracturing ball 8 in real time; the data recorder 28 is respectively connected with the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26, the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27, the vortex flowmeter 16 and the size detector 30, monitors and records the temperature and pressure parameter, the fluid leakage flow and the size of the fracturing ball in real time, and draws a test curve.
The invention also discloses a fracturing operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the working condition parameters and the fracturing operation parameters of the fracturing section, the formation temperature T and the confining pressure P of the target well section are determinedpDensity rho of fracturing fluid, operation well depth H and operation pressure P0Determining the original diameter R of the fracturing ball, and determining the soaking time t of the fracturing ball in the operation process1Bearing time t2Time t of fracturing fluid dissolution3Time t of dissolution in clear water4；
S2: the fracturing ball 8 is placed in a pressure bearing cylinder 1, the sealing between the fracturing ball and a sealing surface 9 of a ball seat is kept, the upper end part and the lower end part of the pressure bearing cylinder 1 are respectively in threaded connection with an upper plug 2 and a lower plug 3, a pressure bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26 and a leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27 are respectively fixed on the inner walls of the upper plug 2 and the lower plug 3, and the upper plug 2 is connected with a high-pressure pipeline 25, a booster valve 12, a booster tee 23, a booster pump 24, a fluid booster check valve 13 and a peristaltic pump 14 through an upper sealing press ring 10 and an upper plug straight-through joint 6; the lower plug 3 is connected with a vortex flowmeter 16, a fluid pressure relief one-way valve 17, a tank inlet tee 21, a liquid injection valve 19, a liquid storage tank 18, a tank outlet tee 22, a liquid discharge valve 20, a peristaltic valve 31 and a peristaltic pump 14 through a lower sealing press ring 11 and a lower plug straight-through joint 7;
s3: injecting the fracturing fluid for operation into the liquid storage tank 18 through the injection valve 19, opening the peristaltic valve 31, starting the peristaltic pump 14 to pump the fracturing fluid into the pressure bearing cylinder 1, and applying confining pressure P to the pressure bearing cylinder 1 through the hydraulic cylinder 4pHeating the pressure bearing cylinder 1 to a temperature T through a heating sleeve 5; the size detector 30 is turned on, and the initial diameter R of the fracturing ball 8 is measured through the sapphire window 290Setting a data recorder 28 to record relevant experimental parameters;
s4: at a temperature T and a confining pressure PpAnd carrying out fracturing ball dissolution performance test until the soaking time reaches t under the condition of fracturing fluid liquid column pressure rho g H1During the period, the diameter of the fracturing ball 8 is detected once every 10 minutes, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected through the vortex flowmeter 16, and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are drawnpFracturing ball 8 diameter R ', leakage Q' and soaking time t under fracturing fluid liquid column pressure rho g H condition1The relation curve of (c);
s5: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure PpThe booster pump 24 is started to increase the pressure in the pressure bearing cylinder 1 to the working pressure P without changing0Carrying out a fracturing ball bearing capacity experiment until the bearing time reaches t2During the period, the temperature T and the confining pressure P can be adjusted according to the working conditionpAnd a working pressure P0Carrying out temperature and pressure alternation, detecting the diameter of the fracturing ball 8 every 10 minutes, continuously detecting the leakage quantity Q' by a vortex flowmeter 16, and drawing the temperature T and the confining pressure PpFracturing fluid operating pressure P0Fracturing ball 8 diameter R ', leakage quantity Q' and bearing time t under alternating conditions2The relationship curve of (1);
s6: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure PpOperating pressure P0The fracturing fluid dissolution experiment after the fracturing ball bearing is carried out until the dissolution time reaches t3While the diameter of the fracturing ball 8 was measured once every 5 minutes, and the leakage Q 'was continuously measured by the vortex flowmeter 16'1Plotting temperature T and confining pressure PpOperating pressure P0Fracturing ball 8 straight under the conditionRadial R's'1Leakage amount Q'1And dissolution time t3The relationship curve of (1);
s7: the fracturing fluid is completely discharged through a liquid discharge valve 20, clear water is injected through a liquid injection valve 19, and a peristaltic pump 14 is started to repeatedly and circularly clean the pressure bearing cylinder 1, the high-pressure pipeline 25 and all parts of the device;
s8: at a temperature T and a confining pressure PpUnder the clean water condition, a clean water dissolution experiment is carried out after the fracturing ball bears pressure until the dissolution time reaches t4While the diameter of the fracturing ball 8 was measured once every 5 minutes, and the leakage Q 'was continuously measured by the vortex flowmeter 16'2Plotting temperature T and confining pressure PpFracturing pellet 8 diameter R 'under clear water conditions of'2Leakage amount Q'2And dissolution time t4The relationship curve of (1);
s9: selecting a series of different temperatures T and confining pressures P according to the temperature and pressure field of the target wellpRepeating the steps S1-S4 to obtain a series of temperatures T and confining pressures PpUnder the condition of soaking time t1In the experimental period of (4), the change rate epsilon of the diameter of the fracturing ball is calculated as [ (R-R ')/R '/from the change relation curve of the diameter R ' and the leakage quantity Q]X 100 percent, and evaluating the dissolvability and the sealing performance of the fracturing ball under different temperature and pressure conditions;
s10: selecting a series of different working pressures P according to fracturing working parameters0Repeating the step S5, measuring the series of temperature T and confining pressure PpOperating pressure P0Under the condition of bearing time t2In an experimental period, a variation relation curve of the fracturing ball diameter R 'and the leakage quantity Q';
s11: repeating step S6, series of temperature T and confining pressure P can be measuredpOperating pressure P0Under the condition, the dissolution time t of the fracturing fluid3Fracturing ball diameter R 'in experimental period'1Leakage amount Q'1The variation relation curve of (2);
s12: repeating the steps S7-S8 to obtain a series of temperatures T and confining pressures PpUnder the condition of clean water, the dissolution time t of the clean water4Fracturing ball diameter R 'in experimental period'2Leakage amount Q'2The variation relation curve of (2);
s13: calculating the soaking time t1Bearing time t2And dissolution time t of fracturing fluid3And the time t for dissolving with clear water4The diameter change rate and the leakage amount of the fracturing ball in the experimental period are drawn, and the diameter change rate epsilon of the fracturing ball is drawn1、ε2、ε3And ε4And leakage amounts Q ', Q ', Q '1、Q′2And the working pressure P0The relationship curve of (1);
s14: and drawing a dynamic attenuation curve of the critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball along with the operation time, establishing a numerical relation between the sealing pressure attenuation value of the fracturing ball and the operation time, making a pressure dynamic regulation and control operation system, ensuring that the fracturing ball is effectively sealed in the whole service period, and fully exerting the effect of the fracturing operation.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a fracturing ball sealing performance testing arrangement which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly, a pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly, a fluid circulation assembly and a data recording system;
the pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly realizes the simulation of a fracturing ball sealing structure and the operation working condition;
the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly realizes the sealing state and pressure-bearing test of the pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly;
the fluid circulation assembly realizes the circulation flow of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid between the pressure bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly and the outside;
the data recording system realizes real-time detection and recording of the temperature and pressure parameters and the size parameters of the whole testing device.
2. The fracturing ball sealing performance testing device of claim 1, wherein: the pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly comprises a pressure-bearing cylinder (1), a fracturing ball (8) and a ball seat sealing surface (9);
a hydraulic cylinder (4) and a heating sleeve (5) are sequentially arranged outside the pressure bearing cylinder (1), confining pressure is applied to the pressure bearing cylinder (1) through the hydraulic cylinder (4), the temperature of the pressure bearing cylinder (1) can be raised through the heating sleeve (5), simulation of the operation condition of fracturing balls in the pressure bearing cylinder (1) is achieved, and the sealing pressure of the fracturing balls and the sealing structure under the operation condition and parameters is tested;
a ball seat sealing surface (9) is arranged in the pressure bearing cylinder (1), the fracturing ball (8) is a fracturing ball with dissoluble characteristics, and the fracturing ball (8) is positioned on the ball seat sealing surface (9) to realize the simulation of a fracturing ball sealing structure;
a sapphire window (29) is also arranged on the pressure bearing cylinder (1).
3. The fracturing ball sealing performance testing device of claim 1, wherein: the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly comprises an upper plug (2) and a lower plug (3);
one end of the upper plug (2) is connected with the upper part of the pressure bearing barrel (1) through air-tight threads, the other end of the upper plug is provided with an upper sealing press ring (10), and the upper sealing press ring is connected with a pressure increasing valve (12) through an upper plug straight-through joint (6); gas-liquid phase fluid passes through the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) through the booster valve (12), and the closed system is pressurized;
one end of the lower plug (3) is connected with the lower part of the pressure bearing barrel (1) through air-tight threads, the other end of the lower plug is provided with a lower sealing press ring (11), and the lower sealing press ring is connected with a pressure release valve (15) through a lower plug straight-through joint (7); the gas-liquid phase fluid in the pressure-bearing cylinder is discharged through a pressure relief valve (15).
4. The fracturing ball sealing performance testing device of claim 1, wherein: the fluid circulation assembly comprises a liquid storage tank (18), a peristaltic pump (14) and a booster pump (24);
an inlet tee joint (21) is arranged at the inlet of the liquid storage tank (18), and the inlet tee joint (21) is respectively connected with a fluid pressure relief one-way valve (17) and a liquid injection valve (19); the fluid pressure relief one-way valve (17) is connected with a pressure relief valve (15); the fluid pressure relief one-way valve (17) realizes the one-way flow of leakage fluid to the liquid storage tank (18), and the liquid injection valve (19) realizes the injection and replacement of operation fluid into the liquid storage tank (18);
an outlet tee joint (22) is arranged at the outlet of the liquid storage tank (18), and the outlet tee joint (22) is respectively connected with a liquid discharge valve (20) and a peristaltic valve (31); the peristaltic valve (31) is connected with the peristaltic pump (14);
the peristaltic pump (14) is connected with the fluid pressurization one-way valve (13); the peristaltic pump (14) is used for realizing the unidirectional circulation flow of fluid to the pressurizing tee joint (23) through the fluid pressurizing one-way valve (13); the circulation flow of the internal high-pressure fluid of the pressure bearing cylinder (1) under different temperature and confining pressure conditions in the operation process is simulated;
the booster pump (24) is connected with a booster tee joint (23); the pressurization tee joint (23) is also respectively connected with a fluid pressurization one-way valve (13) and a pressurization valve (12) on a high-pressure pipeline (25); the booster pump (24) boosts the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) by the fluid in the high-pressure line (25).
5. The fracturing ball sealing performance testing device of claim 1, wherein: the data recording system comprises a pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor (26), a leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor (27), a vortex flowmeter (16), a size detector (30) and a data recorder (28);
the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor (26) is arranged in the inner cavity of the upper plug (2) and is used for detecting the temperature and the pressure of fluid applied to the upper part of the fracturing ball (8) in real time;
the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor (27) is arranged in the lower plug (3) and is used for detecting the pressure and temperature of the fluid leaked through the fracturing ball (8) in real time;
the vortex flowmeter (16) is arranged between the pressure release valve (15) and the fluid pressure release one-way valve (17), and detects the flow of the leaked fluid in the whole operation period in real time;
the size detector (30) is arranged at the sapphire window (29) and is used for detecting the diameter of the fracturing ball (8) in real time;
the data recorder (28) is respectively connected with the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor (26), the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor (27), the vortex flowmeter (16) and the size detector (30) and is used for monitoring and recording temperature and pressure parameters, fluid leakage amount and fracturing ball size data curves in real time.
6. The dynamic operation pressure regulating method of the fracturing ball sealing performance testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: according to the working condition parameters and the fracturing operation parameters of the fracturing section, the formation temperature T and the confining pressure P of the target well section are determinedpDensity rho of fracturing fluid, operation well depth H and operation pressure P0Determining the original diameter R of the fracturing ball, and determining the soaking time t of the fracturing ball in the operation process1Bearing time t2Time to dissolve fracturing fluid t3Time t of dissolution in clear water4；
S2: putting the fracturing ball (8) into the pressure bearing cylinder (1) to keep sealing with the sealing surface (9) of the ball seat;
s3: injecting the fracturing fluid for operation into the liquid storage tank (18) through the injection valve (19), opening the peristaltic valve (31), starting the peristaltic pump (14) to pump the fracturing fluid into the pressure bearing cylinder (1), and applying confining pressure P to the pressure bearing cylinder (1) through the hydraulic cylinder (4)pHeating the pressure bearing cylinder (1) to a temperature T through a heating sleeve (5); opening a size detector (30), and measuring the initial diameter R of the fracturing ball (8) through a sapphire window (29)0Setting a data recorder (28) to record relevant experimental parameters;
s4: at a temperature T and a confining pressure PpAnd carrying out fracturing ball dissolution performance test until the soaking time reaches t under the condition of fracturing fluid liquid column pressure rho g H1During the period, the diameter of the fracturing ball (8) is detected once every 10 minutes, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected through a vortex flowmeter (16), and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are plottedpFracturing ball (8) diameter R ', leakage quantity Q' and soaking time t under the condition of fracturing fluid liquid column pressure rho g H1The relation curve of (c);
s5: maintaining the temperature T and the confining pressure PpStarting the booster pump (24) to increase the internal pressure of the pressure bearing cylinder (1) to the working pressure P without changing0Carrying out a fracturing ball bearing capacity experiment until the bearing time reaches t2During the period, the temperature T and the confining pressure P can be adjusted according to the working conditionpAnd the working pressure P0Temperature and pressure alternation is carried out, the diameter of the fracturing ball (8) is detected once every 10 minutes, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected by a vortex flowmeter (16), and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are plottedpFracturing fluid operating pressure P0Diameter R 'of fracturing ball (8), leakage quantity Q' and bearing time t under alternating condition2The relationship curve of (1);
s6: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure PpOperating pressure P0Dissolving the fracturing fluid after the fracturing ball bearing without changingExperiment until the dissolution time reaches t3During the period, the diameter of the fracturing ball (8) is detected once every 5 minutes, and the leakage quantity Q 'is continuously detected by a vortex flowmeter (16)'1Plotting the temperature T and the confining pressure PpOperating pressure P0Fracturing of ball (8) diameter R 'under conditions'1Leakage amount Q'1And dissolution time t3The relationship curve of (1);
s7: the fracturing fluid is discharged completely through a liquid discharge valve (20), clear water is injected through a liquid injection valve (19), and a peristaltic pump (14) is started to repeatedly and circularly clean the pressure bearing cylinder (1), the high-pressure pipeline (25) and all parts of the device;
s8: at temperature T and confining pressure PpUnder the clean water condition, a clean water dissolution experiment is carried out after the fracturing ball bears pressure until the dissolution time reaches t4During the time, the diameter of the fracturing ball (8) is detected once every 5 minutes, and the leakage quantity Q 'is continuously detected by a vortex flowmeter (16)'2Plotting temperature T and confining pressure PpFracturing of ball (8) diameter R 'under clear water conditions'2Leakage amount Q'2And dissolution time t4The relationship curve of (1);
s9: selecting a series of different temperatures T and confining pressures P according to the temperature and pressure field of the target wellpRepeating the steps S1-S4 to obtain a series of temperatures T and confining pressures PpUnder the condition of soaking time t1In the experimental period of (3), the change rate epsilon of the fracturing ball diameter is calculated as [ (R-R ')/R ] according to the change relation curve of the fracturing ball diameter R' and the leakage quantity Q]X 100 percent, and evaluating the dissolvability and the sealing performance of the fracturing ball under different temperature and pressure conditions;
s10: selecting a series of different working pressures P according to fracturing working parameters0Repeating the step S5, measuring the series of temperature T and confining pressure PpOperating pressure P0Under the condition of bearing time t2In an experimental period, a variation relation curve of the fracturing ball diameter R 'and the leakage quantity Q';
s11: repeating step S6, series of temperature T and confining pressure P can be measuredpOperating pressure P0Under the condition of t, the dissolution time of the fracturing fluid3Fracturing ball diameter R 'in experimental period'1Leakage amount Q'1The variation relation curve of (2);
s12: repeating the steps S7-S8 to obtain a series of temperatures T and confining pressures PpUnder the condition of clean water, the dissolution time t of the clean water4Fracturing ball diameter R 'in experimental period'2Leakage amount Q'2The variation relation curve of (2);
s13: calculating the soaking time t1Pressure bearing time t2And dissolution time t of fracturing fluid3And the time t for dissolving with clear water4The diameter change rate and the leakage amount of the fracturing ball in the experimental period are drawn, and the diameter change rate epsilon of the fracturing ball is drawn1、ε2、ε3And ε4And leakage amounts Q ', Q ', Q '1、Q′2And the working pressure P0The relationship curve of (1);
s14: and drawing a dynamic attenuation curve of the critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball along with the operation time, establishing a numerical relation between the sealing pressure attenuation value of the fracturing ball and the operation time, making a pressure dynamic regulation and control operation system, ensuring that the fracturing ball is effectively sealed in the whole service period, and fully exerting the effect of the fracturing operation.
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