CN114080959A - Organic selenium-rich rice cultivation method - Google Patents

Organic selenium-rich rice cultivation method Download PDF

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CN114080959A
CN114080959A CN202111227695.3A CN202111227695A CN114080959A CN 114080959 A CN114080959 A CN 114080959A CN 202111227695 A CN202111227695 A CN 202111227695A CN 114080959 A CN114080959 A CN 114080959A
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rice
selenium
water
rich
fertilizer
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刘义生
许刚
黄林
武盼盼
曾行生
吴敬华
张军
廖德松
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SHUCHENG INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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SHUCHENG INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting and comprising the following steps: the first step, seed selection and sowing: selecting two-line hybrid rice varieties, sun-planting, soaking in potassium permanganate solution, air-drying, sowing in a seedling-raising tray, and culturing into seedlings to be transplanted; step two, transplanting rice seedlings: applying base fertilizer, farmyard manure and carbendazim before transplanting, turning soil and finishing, and then transplanting rice seedlings; step three, fertilization: in the jointing stage of rice, 1.3-1.8kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is mixed with 10-18.5kg of water for spraying; spraying 2.0-3.5kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer mixed with 7-19.5kg of water during the booting period of the rice; step four, irrigation: fertilizer water is poured once in each of the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice; step five, rice processing: when the water content of the paddy is 16-20%, threshing and shelling are carried out to obtain the selenium-rich rice.

Description

Organic selenium-rich rice cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice.
Background
Selenium is used as a trace element necessary for human bodies, can improve the immunity of the human bodies, plays important physiological roles of resisting cancer, resisting oxidation and the like, and has important significance for human health. The applied exogenous selenium can be converted into organic compounds containing selenium in the plant body by the plant through the biological metabolism of the plant by applying the exogenous selenium in the growth process of the plant, and the selenium in the plant body is mainly organic selenium, such as protein selenium, polysaccharide selenium and the like.
The rice is one of the most widely edible grain crops, the selenium-enriched rice is more and more common in daily life, and is rich in various nutrient components beneficial to human bodies, such as vitamins, gamma-oryzanol, tocopherol, anthocyanin and the like, but the existing selenium-enriched rice cultivation method is tedious, a selenium-enriched fertilizer is generally required to be applied for three times in the rice growth process, the utilization rate of the effective components of the existing selenium-enriched fertilizer is low, the fertilizer is easy to run off along with water and soil, the slow release effect is not available, the selenium content of the rice is low, even if the selenium content reaches the standard, the planting cost is high, and therefore, the organic selenium-enriched rice cultivation method with high efficiency is the technical problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice, which aims to solve the technical problems in the background technology.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
the first step, seed selection and sowing: selecting two-line hybrid rice varieties with moderate mature period and good disease resistance and stability, placing the seeds in the sunny place for sunning for 1-3 days before seed soaking, soaking the aired seeds in 0.5-0.9% potassium permanganate solution for 20-30min, taking out and airing, placing the obtained seeds in a seedling raising tray filled with 3-4cm of nutrient soil for sowing, and culturing into seedlings to be transplanted;
step two, transplanting rice seedlings: applying 45-55kg of formula base fertilizer, 50-80kg of farmyard manure and 10-15kg of carbendazim 10-15kg per mu 10-15 days before transplanting, and after deeply ploughing into soil, finely raking the soil for transplanting;
step three, fertilization: fertilizing twice in the growth process of rice, wherein in the first rice jointing stage, 1.3-1.8kg of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is loaded in an unmanned plane, 10-18.5kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the second booting stage of the rice, 2.0-3.5kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is loaded by the unmanned plane, 7-19.5kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
step four, irrigation: respectively watering the fertilizer water once in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer water is 2-3 t/mu;
step five, rice processing: when the water content of the paddy is 16-20%, harvesting, airing or mechanically threshing, airing in sunlight or drying at low temperature until the water content of the paddy is 14-15%, then shelling to obtain the selenium-rich rice, and detecting that the selenium content of the selenium-rich rice is 0.15-0.25mg/kg and no metal or agricultural residue exists.
Further, the base fertilizer is urea and P2O5、K2O is prepared according to the mass ratio of 18: 6: 8, and the farmyard manure is prepared by mixing one or more of cow dung, peanut residue, chicken droppings and sodium humate according to any proportion.
Further, the fertilizer water is prepared by dissolving urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium carbonate in water, wherein the dosage ratio of the urea to the calcium superphosphate to the potassium carbonate to the water is 10 kg: 3.5 kg: 3 kg: 1 t.
Further, the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58-71 parts of urea, 13-18 parts of monopotassium phosphate and Na2SeO32-3 parts of potassium chloride, 5-7 parts of manganese sulfate, 4-5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate and selenium-containing microcapsule5-8 parts of functional additive and 1 part of functional additive;
and step S2, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the formula ratio to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
Wherein the functional auxiliary agent is one or more of chlormequat chloride, alpha-naphthylacetic acid, DA-6, compound sodium nitrophenolate, auxin and gibberellin which are mixed according to any proportion.
Modified chitosan is used as a wall material, glutaraldehyde is used as a cross-linking agent, potassium selenphosphate is used as a core material, selenium-containing microcapsules are prepared, so that the potassium selenphosphate has the characteristic of slow release, selenium in the potassium selenphosphate is divalent, the modified chitosan is a compound of aldehydic chitosan grafted dopamine hydrochloride, mercaptoethylamine and lysine, the surface of the modified chitosan is rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, mercapto and catechol groups, the hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and mercapto groups can effectively adsorb metal ions, the amino groups not only can combine the metal ions through the action of electrostatic adsorption, but also can be coordinated with the metal ions as ligands, the metal ions can also perform ion exchange and coordination reactions with the mercapto groups, and the catechol groups can enhance the hydrogen bond interaction between the selenium-containing microcapsules and rice leaf wax, so as to effectively increase the adhesive force between the selenium-containing microcapsules and the leaf surfaces, promoting the rice to absorb and utilize the foliar fertilizer.
Further, the selenium-containing microcapsule is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, adding chitosan and an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% into a round-bottom flask, mixing for 10-15min, adding a sodium periodate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, oscillating and reacting at the constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 2h under the protection of nitrogen and in the dark, then adding an ethylene glycol solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L to terminate the reaction, standing for 0.5h, filtering, adding acetone into the filtrate to precipitate for 2h, performing suction filtration, washing the filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in an oven at 70 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the aldehyde chitosan;
wherein the dosage ratio of chitosan, 2 mass percent acetic acid solution, sodium periodate solution, glycol solution and acetone is 3 g: 150mL of: 10-20 mL: 20mL of: 100mL, preparing aldehyde chitosan by using sodium periodate as an oxidant;
a2, placing aldehyde chitosan in an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% for dissolving, then adding dopamine hydrochloride, mercaptoethylamine and lysine, under the protection of nitrogen, adding an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 10% for adjusting the pH value to 5.0, heating to 60-80 ℃, carrying out magnetic stirring reaction for 4-6h, after the reaction is finished, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5% for adjusting the pH value to 7-8 to obtain a mixture a, placing the mixture a in a dialysis bag for dialysis for 4-7 days with distilled water, and then carrying out freeze drying at-45 ℃ to constant weight to obtain modified chitosan;
wherein the dosage ratio of the aldehyde chitosan, 2 mass percent acetic acid solution, dopamine hydrochloride, mercaptoethylamine and lysine is 3.5-4.7 g: 75-90 mL: 0.5-0.7 g: 0.3 g: 0.3-0.5 g; the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 10W, and the aldehyde group of the aldehyde chitosan reacts with the amino groups of dopamine hydrochloride, mercaptoethylamine and lysine to produce Schiff base bonds, so that the modified chitosan is obtained;
step A3, adding span 80 and liquid paraffin into a beaker, and uniformly mixing to obtain an oil phase; under magnetic stirring, dissolving potassium selenium phosphate in acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, adding modified chitosan, uniformly stirring to obtain a water phase, dropwise adding the water phase into an oil phase at the rotation speed of 1000rpm, controlling the dropwise adding speed to be 1 drop/second, after dropwise adding, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde at the rotation speed of 50 ℃ in a water bath, stirring for 30min, adding acetone for demulsification, carrying out reduced pressure filtration, washing a filter cake for 3 times by using acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and drying at 40 ℃ to constant weight to obtain selenium-containing microcapsules;
wherein the dosage ratio of span 80, liquid paraffin, potassium selenium phosphate, acetic acid solution, modified chitosan and glutaraldehyde is 25 mL: 475 mL: 0.05 g: 50mL of: 1-1.3 g: 0.2mL, modified chitosan as wall material, glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent, Na2SeO3As a core material, selenium-containing microcapsules are prepared.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional selenium-enriched rice cultivation method, the method has the advantages that the frequency of spraying and applying the fertilizer by the selenium-containing foliar fertilizer is low, the cost is saved, and the steps from seed selection and sowing to rice processing are strictly controlledThe implementation of the steps is more remarkable in that two selenium-containing substances, namely Na, are added into the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer2SeO3And selenium-containing microcapsules, wherein Na2SeO3The selenium-containing microcapsule is easy to be absorbed by rice plants, has a slow release effect, realizes the continuous supply of the selenium fertilizer by adding two selenium-containing substances, can absorb the selenium fertilizer for a long time in the growth process of rice to ensure that the selenium content of rice reaches the standard content, and also adds a functional auxiliary agent to enhance the performances of disease resistance, lodging resistance and the like of the rice.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a selenium-containing microcapsule, which is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, adding 3g of chitosan and 150mL of 2 mass percent acetic acid solution into a round-bottom flask, mixing for 10min, adding 10mL of 0.1mol/L sodium periodate solution, oscillating and reacting at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 2h under the protection of nitrogen and in the dark, then adding 20mL of 0.1mol/L ethylene glycol solution to terminate the reaction, standing for 0.5h, filtering, adding 100mL of acetone into the filtrate to precipitate for 2h, performing suction filtration, washing a filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a 70 ℃ oven to constant weight to obtain aldehyde chitosan;
step A2, placing 3.5g of aldehyde chitosan into 75mL of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% for dissolving, then adding 0.5g of dopamine hydrochloride, 0.3g of mercaptoethylamine and 0.3g of lysine, adding acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 10% for regulating the pH value to 5.0 under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 60 ℃, magnetically stirring for reaction for 4 hours, after the reaction is finished, adding sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5% for regulating the pH value to 7 to obtain a mixture a, placing the mixture a into a dialysis bag, dialyzing with distilled water for 4 days, and then freeze-drying at-45 ℃ to constant weight to obtain modified chitosan, wherein the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 10W;
step A3, adding 25mL of span 80 and 475mL of liquid paraffin into a beaker, and uniformly mixing to obtain an oil phase; under magnetic stirring, 0.05g of potassium selenium phosphate is dissolved in 50mL of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, 1g of modified chitosan is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain a water phase, the water phase is dropwise added into an oil phase at the rotation speed of 1000rpm, the dropwise adding speed is controlled to be 1 drop/second, after the dropwise adding is finished, 0.2mL of glutaraldehyde is dropwise added under the condition of the constant rotation speed in a water bath at 50 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30min, acetone is added for demulsification, the pressure reduction and filtration are carried out, a filter cake is washed for 3 times by acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and then the mixture is dried to constant weight at 40 ℃ to obtain the selenium-containing microcapsule.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a selenium-containing microcapsule, which is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, adding 3g of chitosan and 150mL of 2 mass percent acetic acid solution into a round-bottom flask, mixing for 12min, adding 15mL of 0.1mol/L sodium periodate solution, oscillating and reacting at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 2h under the protection of nitrogen and in the dark, then adding 20mL of 0.1mol/L ethylene glycol solution to terminate the reaction, standing for 0.5h, filtering, adding 100mL of acetone into the filtrate to precipitate for 2h, performing suction filtration, washing a filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a 70 ℃ oven to constant weight to obtain aldehyde chitosan;
step A2, placing 3.9g of aldehyde chitosan into 80mL of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% for dissolving, then adding 0.6g of dopamine hydrochloride, 0.3g of mercaptoethylamine and 0.4g of lysine, adding acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 10% for regulating the pH value to 5.0 under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 70 ℃, magnetically stirring for reaction for 5 hours, after the reaction is finished, adding sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5% for regulating the pH value to 7 to obtain a mixture a, placing the mixture a into a dialysis bag for dialysis for 6 days with distilled water, and then freeze-drying at-45 ℃ to constant weight to obtain modified chitosan, wherein the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 10W;
step A3, adding 25mL of span 80 and 475mL of liquid paraffin into a beaker, and uniformly mixing to obtain an oil phase; under magnetic stirring, 0.05g of potassium selenium phosphate is dissolved in 50mL of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, 1.2g of modified chitosan is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain a water phase, the water phase is dropwise added into the oil phase at the rotation speed of 1000rpm, the dropwise adding speed is controlled to be 1 drop/second, after the dropwise adding is finished, 0.2mL of glutaraldehyde is dropwise added under the condition of constant rotation speed in a water bath at 50 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30min, acetone is added for demulsification, the pressure reduction and filtration are carried out, a filter cake is washed for 3 times by acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and then the mixture is dried to constant weight at 40 ℃ to obtain the selenium-containing microcapsule.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a selenium-containing microcapsule, which is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, adding 3g of chitosan and 150mL of 2 mass percent acetic acid solution into a round-bottom flask, mixing for 15min, adding 20mL of 0.1mol/L sodium periodate solution, oscillating and reacting at constant temperature of 30 ℃ for 2h under the protection of nitrogen and in the dark, then adding 20mL of 0.1mol/L ethylene glycol solution to terminate the reaction, standing for 0.5h, filtering, adding 100mL of acetone into the filtrate to precipitate for 2h, performing suction filtration, washing a filter cake with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a 70 ℃ oven to constant weight to obtain aldehyde chitosan;
step A2, placing 4.7g of aldehyde chitosan into 90mL of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2% for dissolving, then adding 0.7g of dopamine hydrochloride, 0.3g of mercaptoethylamine and 0.5g of lysine, adding acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 10% for regulating the pH value to 5.0 under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 80 ℃, magnetically stirring for reaction for 6 hours, after the reaction is finished, adding sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5% for regulating the pH value to 8 to obtain a mixture a, placing the mixture a into a dialysis bag for dialysis for 7 days with distilled water, and then freeze-drying at-45 ℃ to constant weight to obtain modified chitosan, wherein the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 10W;
step A3, adding 25mL of span 80 and 475mL of liquid paraffin into a beaker, and uniformly mixing to obtain an oil phase; under magnetic stirring, 0.05g of potassium selenium phosphate is dissolved in 50mL of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, 1.3g of modified chitosan is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain a water phase, the water phase is dropwise added into the oil phase at the rotation speed of 1000rpm, the dropwise adding speed is controlled to be 1 drop/second, after the dropwise adding is finished, 0.2mL of glutaraldehyde is dropwise added under the condition of constant rotation speed in a water bath at 50 ℃, the mixture is stirred for 30min, acetone is added for demulsification, the pressure reduction and filtration are carried out, a filter cake is washed for 3 times by acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and then the mixture is dried to constant weight at 40 ℃ to obtain the selenium-containing microcapsule.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a selenium-containing microcapsule, which is prepared by the following steps:
adding 25mL of span 80 and 475mL of liquid paraffin into a beaker, and uniformly mixing to obtain an oil phase; under magnetic stirring, 0.05g of sodium selenite is dissolved in 50mL of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, 1.3g of chitosan is added, a water phase is obtained after uniform stirring, the water phase is added into an oil phase drop by drop at the rotation speed of 1000rpm, the dropping speed is controlled to be 1 drop/second, after the dropping is finished, 0.2mL of glutaraldehyde is added into the water bath at the temperature of 50 ℃ under the condition that the rotation speed is not changed, after stirring for 30min, acetone is added for demulsification, the pressure reduction and filtration are carried out, a filter cake is washed for 3 times by acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, and then the filter cake is dried to constant weight at the temperature of 40 ℃, so that the selenium-containing microcapsule is obtained.
Examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were tested for selenium release, as follows:
maintaining a sample material in a 37 ℃ closed environment for 24 hours, taking 5.0g of the sample material, placing the sample material in 10mLSBF simulated body fluid, keeping the temperature of SBF liquid constant at 37 ℃, sampling 1 time respectively in slow release of 100 hours, 200 hours, 300 hours, 400 hours, 500 hours and 600 hours, then sampling once every 24 hours, taking out 4mL of slow release liquid every time, simultaneously supplementing SBF with the same volume and temperature, measuring the selenium content of the slow release liquid by using an atomic fluorescence photometer, and measuring and calculating the cumulative release rate (%), wherein the test results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003314804290000081
As can be seen from table 1, the selenium-containing microcapsules prepared in examples 1 to 3 have higher slow release effects than the selenium-containing microcapsules prepared in comparative example 1, due to the fact that the modified chitosan has more functional groups on the molecule, can interact with metal selenium ions, and delay the release rate, and the chitosan has biodegradability, so that the selenium-containing microcapsules have higher use values as rice foliar fertilizer.
Example 4
A cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
the first step, seed selection and sowing: selecting two-line hybrid rice varieties with moderate mature period and good disease resistance and stability, placing the seeds in a sunny place for sunning for 1 day before soaking, soaking the sunned seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.5% for 20min, fishing out and airing, placing the obtained seeds in a seedling raising tray filled with 3cm of nutrient soil for sowing, and culturing into seedlings to be transplanted;
step two, transplanting rice seedlings: applying 45kg of formula base fertilizer, 50kg of farmyard manure and 10kg of carbendazim to 10 mu of land before transplanting, after deeply ploughing into soil, leveling the soil, and transplanting;
step three, fertilization: fertilizing twice in the growth process of rice, wherein in the first rice jointing stage, 1.3kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is loaded in an unmanned plane, 10kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the second rice booting stage, 2.0kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is loaded by the unmanned plane, 7kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
step four, irrigation: respectively watering the fertilizer water once in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer water is 2 t/mu;
step five, rice processing: when the water content of the paddy is 16%, harvesting and airing or mechanical threshing are carried out, the paddy is aired in sunlight or dried at low temperature until the water content of the paddy is 14%, then shelling is carried out, the selenium-enriched rice is obtained, and the selenium content of the selenium-enriched rice is 0.15mg/kg through detection, and no metal or agricultural residue exists.
Wherein, urea and P2O5、K2O is prepared according to the mass ratio of 18: 6: 8, mixing the components, wherein the farmyard manure comprises cow dung, peanut residue, chicken droppings and sodium humate according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1:1 and mixing.
Wherein the fertilizer water is prepared by dissolving urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium carbonate in water, wherein the dosage ratio of the urea to the calcium superphosphate to the potassium carbonate to the water is 10 kg: 3.5 kg: 3 kg: 1 t.
The selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, preparing the following weight portionsRaw materials: 58 parts of urea, 13 parts of monopotassium phosphate and Na2SeO32 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5 parts of selenium-containing microcapsules in example 1 and 1 part of functional auxiliary;
and step S2, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the formula ratio to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
Wherein the functional auxiliary agent is prepared by mixing compound sodium nitrate, chlormequat chloride and alpha-naphthylacetic acid according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
Example 5
A cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
the first step, seed selection and sowing: selecting two-line hybrid rice varieties with moderate mature period and good disease resistance and stability, placing the seeds in a sunny place for sunning for 2 days before seed soaking, soaking the sunned seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.8% for 25min, fishing out and airing, placing the obtained seeds in a seedling raising tray filled with 3.5cm of nutrient soil for sowing, and culturing into seedlings to be transplanted;
step two, transplanting rice seedlings: applying 48kg of formula base fertilizer, 60kg of farmyard manure and 12kg of carbendazim to each mu 12 days before transplanting, after deeply ploughing into soil, finely raking the soil, and transplanting the seedlings;
step three, fertilization: fertilizing twice in the growth process of rice, wherein in the first rice jointing stage, 1.5kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is loaded in an unmanned plane, 12.5kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the second rice booting stage, 2.8kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is loaded by the unmanned plane, 12.5kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
step four, irrigation: respectively watering the fertilizer water once in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer water is 2.5 t/mu;
step five, rice processing: when the water content of the paddy is 18%, harvesting and airing or mechanical threshing are carried out, the paddy is aired in sunlight or dried at low temperature until the water content of the paddy is 14.5%, then shelling is carried out to obtain the selenium-rich rice, and the selenium content of the selenium-rich rice is 0.20mg/kg through detection, and no metal or agricultural residue exists.
Wherein, urea and P2O5、K2O is prepared according to the mass ratio of 18: 6:8, mixing the components, wherein the farmyard manure comprises cow dung, peanut residue, chicken droppings and sodium humate according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1:1 and mixing.
Wherein the fertilizer water is prepared by dissolving urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium carbonate in water, wherein the dosage ratio of the urea to the calcium superphosphate to the potassium carbonate to the water is 10 kg: 3.5 kg: 3 kg: 1 t.
The selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of urea, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and Na2SeO32.5 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of manganese sulfate, 4.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 7 parts of the selenium-containing microcapsule of example 1 and 1 part of a functional additive;
and step S2, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the formula ratio to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
Wherein the functional auxiliary agent is prepared by mixing compound sodium nitrate, chlormequat chloride and alpha-naphthylacetic acid according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
Example 6
A cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
the first step, seed selection and sowing: selecting two-line hybrid rice varieties with moderate mature period and good disease resistance and stability, placing the seeds in a sunny place for sunning for 3 days before seed soaking, soaking the sunned seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.9% for 30min, fishing out and airing, placing the obtained seeds in a seedling raising tray filled with 4cm of nutrient soil for sowing, and culturing into seedlings to be transplanted;
step two, transplanting rice seedlings: applying 55kg of formula base fertilizer, 80kg of farmyard manure and 15kg of carbendazim to each mu 15 days before transplanting, and after deeply ploughing into soil, leveling the soil, and transplanting;
step three, fertilization: fertilizing twice in the growth process of rice, wherein in the first rice jointing stage, 1.8kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is loaded in an unmanned plane, 18.5kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the second rice booting stage, 3.5kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is loaded by the unmanned plane, 19.5kg of water is added, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
step four, irrigation: respectively watering the fertilizer water once in the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice, wherein the application amount of the fertilizer water is 3 t/mu;
step five, rice processing: when the water content of the paddy is 20%, harvesting and airing or mechanical threshing are carried out, the paddy is aired in sunlight or dried at low temperature until the water content of the paddy is 15%, then shelling is carried out, the selenium-enriched rice is obtained, and the selenium content of the selenium-enriched rice is 0.25mg/kg through detection, and no metal or agricultural residue exists.
Wherein, urea and P2O5、K2O is prepared according to the mass ratio of 18: 6: 8, mixing the components, wherein the farmyard manure comprises cow dung, peanut residue, chicken droppings and sodium humate according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1:1 and mixing.
Wherein the fertilizer water is prepared by dissolving urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium carbonate in water, wherein the dosage ratio of the urea to the calcium superphosphate to the potassium carbonate to the water is 10 kg: 3.5 kg: 3 kg: 1 t.
The selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step S1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 71 parts of urea, 18 parts of monopotassium phosphate and Na2SeO33 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of manganese sulfate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 8 parts of the selenium-containing microcapsule in example 1 and 1 part of a functional assistant;
and step S2, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the formula ratio to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
Wherein the functional auxiliary agent is prepared by mixing compound sodium nitrate, chlormequat chloride and alpha-naphthylacetic acid according to the mass ratio of 1:1: 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is the same as the specific implementation process of the example 4, and is different in that the selenium-containing microcapsules in the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer are removed.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is the same as the specific implementation process of example 5, and the difference is that the selenium-containing microcapsule in the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is replaced by the selenium-containing microcapsule in the comparative example 1.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example is rice obtained by the production method of example 1 in patent publication No. CN 113383688A.
The method of examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 2 to 4The rice obtained by the method is tested, the selenium content (microgrammes/kilogram) in the rice is tested according to the standard GB/T22499--1) The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Item Yield per mu (kg. ha)-1) Selenium content (microgram/kilogram)
Example 4 8135.4 223
Example 5 8139.2 228
Example 6 8138.7 225
Comparative example 2 7995.2 194
Comparative example 3 7990.1 187
Comparative example 4 7542.3 154
As can be seen from Table 2, the rice obtained by the cultivation method of the embodiment 4-6 has better test results than the comparative example 2-4 in the processes of testing the yield per mu and the selenium content, which shows that the cultivation method of the selenium-enriched rice has great application value.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. The cultivation method of the organic selenium-rich rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step, seed selection and sowing: selecting two-line hybrid rice varieties, sun-drying the hybrid rice varieties, soaking the hybrid rice varieties in potassium permanganate solution, airing the hybrid rice varieties, sowing the hybrid rice varieties, and cultivating seedlings to be transplanted;
step two, transplanting rice seedlings: applying base fertilizer, farmyard manure and carbendazim, turning soil, finishing, and then transplanting rice seedlings;
step three, fertilization: in the jointing stage of rice, 1.3-1.8kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is mixed with 10-18.5kg of water, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha; in the booting stage of the rice, 2.0-3.5kg of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is mixed with 7-19.5kg of water, and the spraying area is 1.0 ha;
step four, irrigation: fertilizer water is poured once in each of the tillering stage, the booting stage and the grouting stage of the rice;
step five, rice processing: threshing and shelling when the water content of the rice is 16-20% to obtain selenium-rich rice;
wherein the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer is prepared from urea, monopotassium phosphate and Na2SeO3Potassium chloride, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, selenium-containing microcapsules and functional auxiliaries.
2. The method for cultivating organic selenium-rich rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulated base fertilizer is urea and P2O5、K2O is prepared according to the mass ratio of 18: 6: 8, and mixing.
3. The method for cultivating organic selenium-rich rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer water is prepared by dissolving urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium carbonate in water.
4. The cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of fertilizer water applied is 2-3 t/mu.
5. The cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selenium-containing microcapsule is prepared by the following steps:
uniformly mixing span 80 and liquid paraffin to obtain an oil phase; under magnetic stirring, dissolving potassium selenium phosphate in an acetic acid solution, adding modified chitosan, stirring to obtain a water phase, dropwise adding the water phase into an oil phase, dropwise adding glutaraldehyde under the condition of a water bath at 50 ℃, stirring for 30min, adding acetone, filtering under reduced pressure, washing a filter cake, and drying to obtain the selenium-containing microcapsule.
6. The cultivation method of organic selenium-rich rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the modified chitosan is prepared by the following steps:
step A1, mixing chitosan and an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2%, adding a sodium periodate solution, carrying out constant-temperature oscillation reaction for 2 hours at 30 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen and in the dark condition, adding an ethylene glycol solution to stop the reaction, standing for 0.5 hour, filtering, adding acetone into the filtrate to precipitate for 2 hours, carrying out suction filtration, washing a filter cake, and drying to obtain the aldehyde chitosan;
and A2, dissolving the aldehyde chitosan in an acetic acid solution, adding dopamine hydrochloride, mercaptoethylamine and lysine, adding the acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 5.0 under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 60-80 ℃, reacting for 4-6 hours under magnetic stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 7-8, dialyzing the reaction product, and freeze-drying to obtain the modified chitosan.
7. The method for cultivating organic selenium-rich rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the amount ratio of chitosan, 2% by mass of acetic acid solution, sodium periodate solution, glycol solution and acetone in step A1 is 3 g: 150mL of: 10-20 mL: 20mL of: 100 mL.
8. The cultivation method of organic selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein the dosage ratio of the aldehyde chitosan, the acetic acid solution, the dopamine hydrochloride, the mercaptoethylamine and the lysine in the step A2 is 3.5-4.7 g: 75-90 mL: 0.5-0.7 g: 0.3 g: 0.3-0.5 g.
CN202111227695.3A 2021-10-21 2021-10-21 Organic selenium-rich rice cultivation method Pending CN114080959A (en)

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