CN114073948B - 氧化还原反应驱动碳酸盐沉淀法制备金属氧化物催化剂 - Google Patents
氧化还原反应驱动碳酸盐沉淀法制备金属氧化物催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及氧化还原反应驱动碳酸盐沉淀法制备金属氧化物催化剂。本专利是关于一种高锰酸钾与还原剂氧化还原反应驱动第二金属盐沉淀,制备复合金属氧化物的催化剂制备方法。该方法制备的催化材料应用领域主要是挥发性有机化合物无害化处理。材料制备主要原理是:高锰酸钾与有机物还原剂(多元醇)发生反应生成二氧化锰的同时产生二氧化碳和碳酸根阴离子,碳酸根阴离子可迅速与溶液中的第二金属发生反应生成碳酸盐沉淀。该方法有利于调控复合金属氧化物的物质组成、晶体结构、金属价态以及氧化还原性能,对VOCs污染物的催化降解具有良好的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于VOCs催化燃烧催化材料技术领域,具体涉及一种复合金属氧化催化材料的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
环境空气是人类生存的必需品,一旦被污染将会对被污染区域的所有人带来严重的危害。据研究,目前对环境和人类产生危害的大气污染物约有几百种。作为大气污染物中重要的一员,VOCs是一大类有机化合物的总称,它可能是烷烃、醇、酸、酯和芳香烃等一系列化合物组成的混合物,化学性质相对活泼,容易以挥发的形式逸散到大气中形成有机气溶胶,会对人类的健康和生命产生严重影响,长期接触有致癌、致畸、致突变的可能性。此外,在紫外光的照射下,挥发性有机物会进一步发生光化学反应与大气中的固体颗粒物相互作用形成光化学烟雾,严重影响空气质量。针对VOCs污染物的治理已经引起社会大众的广泛关注。
催化燃烧法是指在较低的温度条件下,挥发性有机物分子在催化剂的作用下无焰燃烧分解为H2O和CO2。具有反应温度低、能耗小、无二次污染、工艺操作简单等优点对大部分VOCs都有较好的净化效果。催化剂作为促进VOCs氧化分解的媒介,是影响催化燃烧效能的关键因素。目前商用催化剂以贵金属为主,虽然具有高反应活性和相对较低的反应温度,但是由于材料成本高、易中毒、易烧结等缺点阻碍了其在VOCs污染治理中的进一步应用。因此低反应温度、高活性的非贵金属催化材料的研发具有非常重要的意义。
催化材料的形貌、结构、低温还原性、金属价态、表面氧物种、表面酸碱性以及结构缺陷等都会对材料的性质产生影响。为提高非贵金属材料的催化氧化活性,复合金属氧化物的研发受到越来越多的关注。研究结果表明第二金属的掺杂不仅可以改变材料的形貌结构,还可能导致材料表面缺陷位增加、引起材料中的晶格氧和表面氧的迁移、增加材料活性氧物种的含量,促使材料的氧化还原性质发生改变。基于此本发明旨在探索一种适用于制备复合金属氧化物材料的合成方法,进一步研发具有良好催化氧化活性的复合金属氧化物用于催化降解挥发性有机污染物。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种适用于制备复合金属氧化物催化剂的制备方法,该方法以高锰酸钾为氧化剂,多元醇为还原剂,以氧化还原反应副产物碳酸根为沉淀剂,通过氧化还原反应驱动第二金属离子共沉淀制备复合金属氧化物,材料制备化学反应方程式:
(1)10KMnO4 + 3C2H6O2 = 5K2CO3 + CO2↑ +10MnO2↓ + 9H2O
(2)14KMnO4 + 3C3H8O3 = 7K2CO3 + 2CO2↑ +14MnO2↓ + 12H2O
(3)18KMnO4 + 3C4H10O4 = 9K2CO3 + 3CO2↑ +18MnO2↓ + 15H2O
(4)2/nMn+ + CO3 2- = M2/nCO3↓
该制备方法可通过调控金属元素组成、比例、氧化还原反应速率等调节复合金属氧化物的价态与组成、结构与缺陷、比表面积、氧化还原活性等,从而成功制备一系列适用于VOCs低温催化燃烧的复合金属氧化物催化剂MnOx-MOy-NOz。
本发明采用如下步骤制备材料:
(1)氧化性溶液的制备:将KMnO4和一定量的可溶性金属盐溶解于二次水中,形成反应溶液1,其中KMnO4的浓度为0.01-2.0 mol/L,根据反应产物中第二金属与锰的摩尔比,可以调节第二金属盐与高锰酸钾的浓度比为0-0.5,第二金属元素可以为贵金属、过渡金属和其他可与碳酸根反应生成沉淀的可溶性盐中的一种或多种;
(2)还原性溶液的制备:将过量的多元醇溶解于二次水中,形成反应液2,其中多元醇的添加量是其与高锰酸钾化学反应计量数的2-10倍当量,多元醇可以是乙二醇、丙三醇、丁四醇等化合物中的一种或多种;
(3)在剧烈搅拌条件下,往反应液2中逐滴滴加反应液1,反应体系中还原剂过量,KMnO4与多元醇反应产生二氧化锰,同时生成副产物碳酸钾,反应产生的碳酸根阴离子可进一步与第二金属盐反应,通过控制反应液1的滴加速度促使二氧化锰和第二金属碳酸盐共沉淀;
(4)得到的产物室温条件老化或水热进行老化,水热老化温度为20-200 oC,老化时间为2-24 h;
(5)得到产物过滤、水洗、乙醇洗、烘干、煅烧,烘干温度为60-100 oC,煅烧温度为200-600 oC,煅烧时间为2-8 h。
与现有催化剂制备方法相比,本发明的有益效果如下:上述氧化还原反应驱动第二金属盐沉淀,可制备MnOx与第二金属高效掺杂的复合金属氧化物,通过添加具有不同价态的第二金属,可以间接调控MnOx中Mn4+、Mn3+和Mn2+的比例,改变材料比表面积、低温还原性、晶格缺陷、活性氧物种组成等,从而增强复合金属氧化物活化VOCs以及活化气相中O2分子的能力。
本方法制备的复合金属氧化物催化剂可用于常见挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的低温催化氧化。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1,2,3,4所制备催化剂的SEM测试图。
图2是本发明实施例1,2,3,4所制备催化剂的XRD图。
图3是本发明实施例1,2,3,4所制备催化剂的甲苯转化率活性测试结果图。
图4是本发明实施例1,2,3,4所制备催化剂的甲苯矿化率活性测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明进一步说明,以下实施例并不是对本发明的限定。
实施例1
(1)称取11.06 g KMnO4和2.55 g Co(NO3)2•6H2O溶解于50 mL二次水中,制备1.4mol/L KMnO4和0.175 mol/L Co(NO3)2的双金属氧化性水溶液1,溶液中Mn/Co的摩尔比为8:1;
(2)称取4.14 g 甘油溶解于50 mL二次水中,制备0.9 mol/L 甘油还原性水溶液2,溶液中对应甘油的剂量为3倍当量该物质与氧化性水溶液1中高锰酸钾化学反应剂量;
(3)在剧烈搅拌条件下,往还原性水溶液2中逐滴滴加氧化性水溶液1,反应体系中还原剂过量,KMnO4与甘油反应产生MnO2,同时生成副产物CO3 2-,反应产生的CO3 2-可进一步与Co2+反应生成CoCO3,随着氧化性溶液1的逐滴滴加MnO2与CoCO3同步共沉淀;
(4)得到的产物室温条件搅拌反应4.0 h后转移到200 mL水热釜中140 oC溶剂热反应12 h;
(5)得到产物过滤、水洗三次、乙醇洗三次、100 oC烘干4.0 h后空气气氛下400 oC煅烧4.0 h,得到材料即为8Mn1Co双金属氧化物催化剂。
实施例2
(1)称取11.06 g KMnO4和2.55 g Ni(NO3)2•6H2O溶解于50 mL二次水中,制备1.4mol/L KMnO4和0.175 mol/L Ni(NO3)2的双金属氧化性水溶液1,溶液中Mn/Ni的摩尔比为8:1;
(2)称取4.14 g 甘油溶解于50 mL二次水中,制备0.9 mol/L 甘油还原性水溶液2,溶液中对应甘油的剂量为3倍当量该物质与氧化性水溶液1中高锰酸钾化学反应剂量;
(3)在剧烈搅拌条件下,往还原性水溶液2中逐滴滴加氧化性水溶液1,反应体系中还原剂过量,KMnO4与甘油反应产生MnO2,同时生成副产物CO3 2-,反应产生的CO3 2-可进一步与Ni2+反应生成NiCO3,随着氧化性溶液1的逐滴滴加MnO2与NiCO3同步共沉淀;
(4)得到的产物室温条件搅拌反应4.0 h后转移到200 mL水热釜中140 oC溶剂热反应12 h;
(5)得到产物过滤、水洗三次、乙醇洗三次、100 oC烘干4.0 h后空气气氛下400 oC煅烧4.0 h,得到材料即为8Mn1Ni双金属氧化物催化剂。
实施例3
(1)称取11.06 g KMnO4和2.60 g Zn(NO3)2•6H2O溶解于50 mL二次水中,制备1.4mol/L KMnO4和0.175 mol/L Zn(NO3)2的双金属氧化性水溶液1,溶液中Mn/Co的摩尔比为8:1;
(2)称取4.14 g 甘油溶解于50 mL二次水中,制备0.9 mol/L 甘油还原性水溶液2,溶液中对应甘油的剂量为3倍当量该物质与氧化性水溶液1中高锰酸钾化学反应剂量;
(3)在剧烈搅拌条件下,往还原性水溶液2中逐滴滴加氧化性水溶液1,反应体系中还原剂过量,KMnO4与甘油反应产生MnO2,同时生成副产物CO3 2-,反应产生的CO3 2-可进一步与Zn2+反应生成ZnCO3,随着氧化性溶液1的逐滴滴加MnO2与ZnCO3同步共沉淀;
(4)得到的产物室温条件搅拌反应4.0 h后转移到200 mL水热釜中140 oC溶剂热反应12 h;
(5)得到产物过滤、水洗三次、乙醇洗三次、100 oC烘干4.0 h后空气气氛下400 oC煅烧4.0 h,得到材料即为8Mn1Zn双金属氧化物催化剂。
实施例4
(1)称取11.06 g KMnO4和3.80 g Ce(NO3)3•6H2O溶解于50 mL二次水中,制备1.4mol/L KMnO4和0.175 mol/L Ce(NO3)3的双金属氧化性水溶液1,溶液中Mn/Co的摩尔比为8:1;
(2)称取4.14 g 甘油溶解于50 mL二次水中,制备0.9 mol/L 甘油还原性水溶液2,溶液中对应甘油的剂量为3倍当量该物质与氧化性水溶液1中高锰酸钾化学反应剂量;
(3)在剧烈搅拌条件下,往还原性水溶液2中逐滴滴加氧化性水溶液1,反应体系中还原剂过量,KMnO4与甘油反应产生MnO2,同时生成副产物CO3 2-,反应产生的CO3 2-可进一步与Ce3+反应生成Ce2(CO3)3,随着氧化性溶液1的逐滴滴加MnO2与Ce2(CO3)3同步共沉淀;
(4)得到的产物室温条件搅拌反应4.0 h后转移到200 mL水热釜中140 oC溶剂热反应12 h;
(5)得到产物过滤、水洗三次、乙醇洗三次、100 oC烘干4.0 h后空气气氛下400 oC煅烧4.0 h,得到材料即为8Mn1Ce双金属氧化物催化剂。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于净化VOCs的复合金属氧化物催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)氧化性溶液的制备:将KMnO4和第二金属盐溶解于二次水中,形成反应溶液1,其中KMnO4的浓度为0.01-2.0mol/L,根据反应产物中第二金属与锰的摩尔比,调节第二金属盐与高锰酸钾的浓度比为0.125,第二金属元素为Co、Ni、Zn或Ce;溶液中Mn与第二金属元素的摩尔比为8:1;
(2)还原性溶液的制备:将过量的多元醇溶解于二次水中,形成反应液2,其中多元醇的添加量是其与高锰酸钾化学反应计量数的2-10倍当量,多元醇是乙二醇、丙三醇、丁四醇化合物中的一种或多种;
(3)在剧烈搅拌条件下,往反应液2中逐滴滴加反应液1,反应体系中还原剂过量,KMnO4与多元醇反应产生二氧化锰,同时生成副产物碳酸钾,反应产生的碳酸根阴离子进一步与第二金属盐反应,通过控制反应液1的滴加速度促使二氧化锰和第二金属碳酸盐共沉淀制备复合金属氧化物;
(4)得到的产物水热进行老化,水热老化温度为140-200℃,老化时间为2-24 h;
(5)得到产物过滤、水洗、乙醇洗、烘干、煅烧,烘干温度为60-100℃,煅烧温度为200-600℃,煅烧时间为2-8 h。
2.权利要求1所述制备方法制备的催化剂应用于VOCs的催化氧化。
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