CN114072001B - 即用型消毒剂 - Google Patents
即用型消毒剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114072001B CN114072001B CN202080048973.6A CN202080048973A CN114072001B CN 114072001 B CN114072001 B CN 114072001B CN 202080048973 A CN202080048973 A CN 202080048973A CN 114072001 B CN114072001 B CN 114072001B
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Classifications
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group; Thio analogues thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种即用型消毒剂，包含：浓度为0.5wt.％至2.0wt.％的具有2至4个碳原子的低级醇；浓度为0.1wt.％至5wt.％的一种或多种过羧酸；浓度为0.1wt.％至5wt.％的一种或多种羧酸；浓度为0wt.％至8wt.％的过氧化氢，其中过羧酸和羧酸的总浓度不超过5wt.％，且浓度数据是基于该即用型消毒剂。本发明还涉及一种该消毒剂的解毒用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于水性过羧酸的即用型消毒剂。根据本发明的药剂具有杀菌、杀病毒和杀真菌的功效，还可用于解毒。
背景技术
原则上，公知的是过羧酸可用于消毒目的，例如参阅专利文献EP 0677990B1。特别是该文献描述了过乙酸的使用。这种消毒剂尤其适用于处理例如内窥镜等医疗设备。
存在催化剂(通常是磷酸或硫酸)的条件下，通过水性介质中羧酸与过氧化氢的反应来制备过羧酸溶液。在反应过程中，一方面作为反应产物的过羧酸与另一方面的起始原料(即羧酸和过氧化氢)之间形成平衡。一般而言，包含过羧酸的反应混合物用溶剂进一步稀释以调整到所需的低过羧酸浓度。定期用水进行稀释。溶液可以包含减缓或防止过氧化物分解的稳定剂。
当用水稀释过羧酸的浓缩平衡溶液时，系统的平衡点发生变化，有利于原始反应物的再生，这种平衡的建立也可能需要更长的时间。相应地，稀释的过羧酸溶液是一种成分可变的溶液，过氧化氢因分解而逐渐丧失其作用。
专利文献WO 2006/125657 A2(其内容明确引用)揭示了一种水性消毒杀菌剂，其中通过添加山梨糖醇酯、特别是吐温20(Tween 20)来稳定过羧酸。事实证明，这种方法成功的根本原因主要在于山梨糖醇酯作为表面活性剂来改善物体润湿性。专利文献WO 2017/137546 A1(也作引用)描述了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)用于稳定过羧酸并与山梨糖醇酯组合的用途。
专利文献DD 41981揭示了一种用于表面消毒的33％1-丙醇和0.2％过乙酸的混合物。该混合物对脊髓灰质炎病毒的作用极快。专利文献DE 202012006847U1描述了基于醇、有机酸、过乙酸、过氧化氢和增稠剂的清洁消毒剂的配方。该配方旨在良好地粘附到表面上并产生长期功效。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有杀菌、杀真菌和杀病毒作用的即用型消毒剂，其作用迅速，不攻击润湿表面，身体耐受良好，因此可用于食品业、医疗和护理领域。
为了达成上述目的，本发明提出一种上述类型的药剂，包含：浓度为0.5wt.％至2.0wt.％的2至4个碳原子的低级醇；浓度为0.1wt.％至5wt.％的一种或多种过羧酸；浓度为0.1wt.％至5wt.％的一种或多种羧酸；浓度为0wt.％至8wt.％的过氧化氢，其中过羧酸和羧酸的总浓度不超过5wt.％，浓度数据是基于所述即用型消毒剂。
出人意料地发现，0.5wt.％至2.0wt.％的低醇含量对溶解在水性介质中的过氧化物的功效具有加速作用。这种加速功效可归因于这样一个事实，即，即使是低浓度醇，也会影响微生物包膜蛋白的三级结构和褶皱，使得它们更容易受到氧化攻击。二硫键更容易受氧化破坏，硫醇基团可氧化为磺酸基团。其先决条件是存在蛋白包膜；另一方面，具有纤维素基包膜的霉菌孢子已证实具有强抗性。
根据本发明的消毒剂特别是包含乙醇、异丙醇或正丙醇作为醇。优选的醇含量为0.5wt.％至1.5wt.％，特别是约1.0wt.％。
除了醇和水之外，根据本发明的消毒剂还包含一种或多种有机过酸，其浓度为0.1wt.％至5wt.％，特别是0.1wt.％至2.0wt.％。一般而言，除了过羧酸之外，还存在一种或多种有机羧酸，其浓度为0.1wt.％至5wt.％，特别是0.1wt.％至2.0wt.％。此外，可以存在量达0wt.％至5wt.％的过氧化氢。
有机羧酸和过羧酸的总量不得超过5wt.％的总含量。
不言而喻，所有重量百分比数据和浓度皆涉及消毒剂的总量。
出于本发明的目的，原则上适用所有可加入水溶液的羧酸及其过氧形式。例如，它们是具有至多12个碳原子的饱和和不饱和脂肪族和芳族羧酸、具有至多8个碳原子的二元羧酸和羟基羧酸(单独或混合)以及对应的过羧酸。优选苯甲酸、山梨酸和乙酸及其过氧形式。苯甲酸和山梨酸正如其过氧形式一般具有杀微生物作用。
同样有利地，可以采用多官能过羧酸及其过氧形式，特别是羟基羧酸，例如乳酸和柠檬酸。
不言而喻，在根据本发明的消毒剂中，相应的有机酸与其过氧形式以及过氧化氢之间存在平衡。本文给出的成分与这种平衡建立无关，而是与用于制备消毒剂的原材料有关。
原则上，除了稳定剂和润湿助剂之外，根据本发明的药剂无需任何其他添加剂。
作为稳定剂例如可考虑山梨糖醇酯，特别是吐温20(Tween 20)。这些已证实为过羧酸和过氧化氢的有效稳定剂。此外，山梨糖醇酯还充当润湿助剂(表面活性剂)。一般而言，0.5wt.％至2.0wt.％的浓度完全足矣。
还可采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为稳定剂。优选平均分子量为10000至360000道尔顿范围内的稳定剂。经证实，平均分子量(重均)为15000、尤其是40000道尔顿的PVP(PovidonK30)非常适合。1.0wt.％至5.0wt.％的浓度通常足矣。
如上所述，山梨糖醇酯和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮也可相互组合。
根据本发明，通过使用低浓度的醇，特别是乙醇，允许低剂量的过羧酸。对于大多数用途，约1wt.％的浓度足矣。一般而言，首先制备过羧酸浓度为10wt.％至20wt.％的浓缩物，然后通过用水稀释降低其浓度。
根据本发明的药剂除了其强大的杀微生物作用外，还对含蛋白质的毒素具有良好的作用。它们被药剂中的活性氧变性，进而解毒。例如，橡树带蛾的毒素正是这种情况。如果过羧酸的浓度充足，也会杀死毛虫。
经证实有利的是，使用两种或更多种过羧酸，因为微生物具有不同的敏感度。不同的过羧酸适用于不同的目的。例如，具备醛或酮功能的一系列毒素(包括霉菌毒素、外毒素和内毒素)通过拜耳-维利格(Baeyer-Villiger)氧化反应机理用过苯甲酸来有效破坏。过苯甲酸可用于对抗黄曲霉毒素并充当过氧化氢酶抑制剂。过乙酸又适合有效攻击细菌的孔蛋白，而过柠檬酸已证实特别适合裂解生物膜。出人意料地，存在少量醇适合显著加速这些反应，因为这样使得微生物包膜蛋白更易氧化。
同样出人意料地，采用30wt.％的高浓度醇不会提高或加速过羧酸溶液的功效。根据本发明的消毒剂中使用少量醇就会比不含醇的变型方案和富含醇的变型方案更具明显的优势。
必要时，根据本发明的药剂可以包含常规添加剂，特别是另外的溶剂、螯合剂、pH调节剂、腐蚀抑制剂、络合剂、消泡剂、染料和香料。不言而喻，所有这些添加剂必须对过羧酸稳定，而且不得促进过羧酸的分解。
根据本发明的药剂的pH值应在酸性范围内，例如在3.5至6.0的范围内。过羧酸和过氧化氢倾向于在碱性范围内分解。
根据本发明的药剂可用于家务、医疗领域、护理领域和农业。一种应用领域是伤口消毒，另一种应用领域是人类、动物和植物真菌病的治疗。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明予以详述。
例1：
由浓缩物制备即用型消毒溶液，每100毫升具有如下成分：
0.10克苯甲酸
0.10克山梨酸
4.49克过氧化氢
0.50克过乙酸
1.00克乙醇
其余为水
消毒溶液的pH值为3.66。
例2(对照例)：
采用同样的浓缩物制备醇含量为30wt.％的消毒液。pH值确定为4.12。
例3(对照例)：
采用例1中的浓缩物制备不含醇的消毒溶液。
对根据例1至例3获得的消毒溶液进行微生物测试。为此，消毒溶液未稀释，将各种稀释液与水中悬浮的微生物混合。在规定的暴露时间之后，用硫代硫酸盐溶液破坏剩余的过氧化物并将溶液的等分试样置于微量滴定板上。测定与零值相比微生物的对数减量，结果请见附表。
出人意料地，相比对照溶液，根据本发明的含1wt.％乙醇的溶液即使在低浓度下也能明显更快地有效对抗海氏肠球菌(E.hirae)。对于酵母白色念珠菌(C.albicans)，相比富含醇的溶液，减量相当，相比不含醇的溶液，速度显著加快。对于巴西放线菌(A.brasiliensis)的霉菌孢子，富含醇的溶液因其醇含量而更为有效，但不含醇的溶液对此也可较缓慢地生效。
Claims (6)
1.一种包含在水中的即用型消毒剂，包含：
0.5wt.％至1.5wt.％的乙醇，
0.1wt.％至2.0wt.％的过羧酸，
0.1wt.％至2.0wt.％的羧酸，
至多5wt.％的过氧化氢，
其中，所述消毒剂包含苯甲酸、山梨酸和其过氧形式，过羧酸和羧酸的总浓度不超过5wt.％，且
其中，浓度数据是基于所述即用型消毒剂。
2.根据前述权利要求1所述的消毒剂，其特征在于，所述消毒剂包含过乙酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的消毒剂，其特征在于，所述消毒剂包含0.1wt.％至1.0wt.％的过乙酸。
4.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项所述的消毒剂，其特征在于，所述消毒剂包含稳定剂和/或表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的消毒剂，其特征在于，所述消毒剂包含山梨糖醇酯。
6.根据权利要求4所述的消毒剂，其特征在于，所述消毒剂包含聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
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