CN114055862A - 一种抗冲击方舱板材 - Google Patents
一种抗冲击方舱板材 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114055862A CN114055862A CN202010744189.0A CN202010744189A CN114055862A CN 114055862 A CN114055862 A CN 114055862A CN 202010744189 A CN202010744189 A CN 202010744189A CN 114055862 A CN114055862 A CN 114055862A
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- honeycomb core
- sound insulation
- honeycomb
- fiber layer
- carbon fiber
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种抗冲击方舱板材，包括：由外至内依次设置的外蒙皮、第一蜂窝芯、隔音板、第二蜂窝芯、内蒙皮；其中，第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内均填充有气凝胶；隔音板内间隔设有多个隔音槽，相邻两个竖向隔音槽之间设有横向隔音槽，横向隔音槽内设有消音棉；其中，外蒙皮包括第一碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层和第二碳纤维层，第一碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层和第二碳纤维层内均浸润有预浸料；本发明的方舱板材外蒙皮包括第一碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层和第二碳纤维层，碳纤维具有高比强度和高比模量，采用碳纤维层与玻璃纤维层复合作为外蒙皮可大大提高外蒙皮的抗冲击性，同时通过在第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯内填充气凝胶，可大大增加方舱板材的保温性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及方舱技术领域，尤其涉及一种抗冲击方舱板材。
背景技术
近年来，方舱在无论军用和民用的应用上越来越广泛，在军用方面，如野战医疗舱、军用指挥舱等；在民用方面，车辆方舱已广泛地应用于各种特种车辆，如应急通信车、电站车、房车等。大板式方舱是现有方舱结构形式之一，大板式方舱由六块舱板组装而成，舱板板材结构为三明治结构，主要通过胶粘剂将内外金属蒙皮与聚氨酯泡沫板粘贴而成，然而这种舱板的隔音、保温性能不佳，这限制了方舱的使用范围，同时，现有的方舱板材耐冲击性不好，基于此，有必要提供一种耐冲击、保温、隔音性能好的方舱板材。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提出了一种耐冲击、保温、隔音效果好的方舱板材。
本发明发明的技术方案是这样实现的：本发明提供了一种抗冲击方舱板材，包括：由外至内依次设置的外蒙皮、第一蜂窝芯、隔音板、第二蜂窝芯、内蒙皮；
其中，所述第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内均填充有气凝胶；
所述隔音板内间隔设有多个竖向隔音槽，相邻两个竖向隔音槽之间设有横向隔音槽，所述横向隔音槽内设有消音棉；
其中，所述外蒙皮包括第一碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层和第二碳纤维层，所述第一碳纤维层、所述玻璃纤维层和所述第二碳纤维层内均浸润有预浸料；
所述预浸料包括以下重量份原料：20～30份的聚丁二烯树脂、5～10份的钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子、1～2份的分散剂、3～5份的玻璃粉；
所述钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子的制备方法包括：
将氧化石墨烯、SOCl2和DMF混合后于60～90℃下回流20～30h，过滤，将过滤物加入至乙二醇中于80～100℃下反应20～24h，即得改性石墨烯；
将钡铁氧体、改性石墨烯溶于丙三醇、乙二醇中的混合溶剂中混合，然后于180～190℃，反应5～8h，即得钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子。
在以上技术方案的基础上，优选的，所述预浸料制备方法包括以下步骤：
提供一反应装置，所述反应装置包括：
反应桶，其上端设有第一加料口、下端设有出料口；
加料管，其位于反应桶内，所述加料管一端延伸并穿出所述反应桶外，所述加料管上端设有第二加料口，所述加料管外周由上至下连通设有导料管，所述导料管上开设有多个出料孔；
电机，其转轴穿过反应桶并连通加料管端部，所述电机转动带动加料管转动；
所述反应桶内壁以及加料管外壁均由三维多孔材料制成，反应桶内壁以及加料管外壁比表面积为1800～2000m2/m3，三维多孔材料的平均孔径为5～10μm；
所述预浸料制备方法为：
将质量分数为50％的所述聚丁二烯树脂、质量分数为50％的所述分散剂、所述钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子经第二加料口加入至加料管中；
将余下的质量分数为50％的所述聚丁二烯树脂、余下的分数为50％的所述分散剂、所述玻璃粉经第一加料口加入至反应桶中，启动电机，维持反应桶内温度为60～80℃，反应5～10h，即得所述预浸料。
在以上技术方案的基础上，优选的，所述第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔的截面积比值为1:1.5～1.8。
在以上技术方案的基础上，优选的，所述隔音板上下两侧面还设有凸起，所述凸起与第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔相适配，所述凸起分别插设于第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内。
在以上技术方案的基础上，优选的，所述第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内还安装截面为三角形的套筒，所述套筒与蜂窝孔内壁之间固定有弹性件。
在以上技术方案的基础上，优选的，所述隔音板内位于竖向隔音槽上方还开设有一空腔，所述空腔内嵌设有蜂窝状消音板。
进一步优选的，所述凸起的高度为蜂窝孔高度的1/4～1/3。
在以上技术方案的基础上，优选的，所述第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔的截面均为正六边形。
在以上技术方案的基础上，优选的，还包括保温板，所述保温板分别设置在外蒙皮与第一蜂窝芯以及第二蜂窝芯与内蒙皮之间。
本发明的方舱板材相对于现有技术具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的方舱板材，包括第一蜂窝芯和第二蜂窝芯，在第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯内填充气凝胶，气凝胶具有超轻、隔热、保温、防火等优异特性能，可大大增加方舱板材的保温性能；还包括隔音板，隔音板内间隔设有多个竖向隔音槽，相邻两个竖向隔音槽之间设有横向隔音槽，横向隔音槽内设有消音棉，若有噪音产生时，产生的噪音进入竖向隔音槽被分散进入横向隔音槽，横向隔音槽内的消音棉化解部分噪音从而起到到了隔音的效果；同时，外蒙皮包括第一碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层和第二碳纤维层，碳纤维具有高比强度和高比模量，采用碳纤维层与玻璃纤维层复合作为外蒙皮可大大提高外蒙皮的抗冲击性；第一碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层和第二碳纤维层内均浸润有预浸料，预浸料含有钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子，该复合粒子通过对石墨烯改性然后与钡铁氧体复合使得该复合粒子具有良好的吸波性能，同时，该复合粒子中含有石墨烯，石墨烯的二维片层结构在第一碳纤维层着火时可形成致密的隔绝层，起到阻燃作用；
(2)本发明的方舱板材，在隔音板上下两侧面还设有凸起，上下两侧的凸起分别对应插设在第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内，通过设置凸起，使得隔音板与第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯之间稳定连接，提高方舱板材的强度；
(3)本发明的方舱板材，在第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内还安装有套筒，同时还在套筒与蜂窝孔内壁之间固定有弹性件，通过设置套筒可防止第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯在挤压时发生变形，增加了第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的稳定性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的其中一个技术方案中方舱板材的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的其中一个技术方案中第二蜂窝芯的俯视图；
图3为本发明的其中一个技术方案中反应装置的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的另一个技术方案中方舱板材的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1～4所示，一种抗冲击方舱板材，包括：由外至内依次设置的外蒙皮 1、第一蜂窝芯2、隔音板3、第二蜂窝芯4、内蒙皮5；
其中，所述第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔内均填充有气凝胶，气凝胶，又称为干凝胶，是由胶体粒子或高聚物分子构成的纳米多孔网络结构，并在空隙中充满气态分散介质的一种高分散固体材料，外表呈固体状，气凝胶可选用二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶、氧化锆气凝胶和碳气凝胶等，气凝胶具有超轻、隔热、保温、防火等优异特性能，在第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔内均填充气凝胶，可大大增加方舱板材的保温性能，第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的厚度为1～2mm，第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔的截面可为多边形、圆形或椭圆形等；
隔音板3内间隔设有多个竖向隔音槽31，相邻两个竖向隔音槽31之间设有横向隔音槽，横向隔音槽内设有消音棉32，消音棉32可由有机纤维吸音材料、无机纤维吸音材料、无机泡沫吸音材料、泡沫塑料吸音材料等制成，隔音板3 由隔音材料制成，比如为硅酸盐材料或石膏材料或金属材料或高分子材料或它们的组合；
其中，所述外蒙皮1包括第一碳纤维层11、玻璃纤维层12和第二碳纤维层 13，所述第一碳纤维层11、所述玻璃纤维层12和所述第二碳纤维层13内均浸润有预浸料；
所述预浸料包括以下重量份原料：20～30份的聚丁二烯树脂、5～10份的钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子、1～2份的分散剂、3～5份的玻璃粉；具体的，本申请实施例中聚丁二烯树脂的重量份为25份、钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子的重量份为8份、分散剂的重量份为2份、玻璃粉的重量份为4份，分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠。
钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子的制备方法包括：
将氧化石墨烯、SOCl2和DMF混合后于70℃下回流25h，过滤，将过滤物加入至乙二醇中于90℃下反应22h，即得改性石墨烯；
将钡铁氧体、改性石墨烯溶于丙三醇、乙二醇中的混合溶剂中混合，然后于185℃，反应6h，即得钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，外蒙皮1包括第一碳纤维层11、玻璃纤维层12和第二碳纤维层13，碳纤维具有高比强度和高比模量，采用碳纤维层与玻璃纤维层复合作为外蒙皮1可大大提高外蒙皮1的抗冲击性；第一碳纤维层11、玻璃纤维层12和第二碳纤维层13内均浸润有预浸料，预浸料含有钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子，该复合粒子通过对石墨烯改性然后与钡铁氧体复合使得该复合粒子具有良好的吸波性能，同时，该复合粒子中含有石墨烯，石墨烯的二维片层结构在第一碳纤维层11着火时可形成致密的隔绝层，起到阻燃作用。
本申请实施例中，外蒙皮1的制备采用常规的方法，比如，在平板模具上依次铺放第一碳纤维、玻璃纤维、第二碳纤维，再依次放上脱模布、导流网、进胶管、抽气管和真空袋等辅助材料，最后用黄胶将真空袋严密封紧、防止漏气，完成后，抽真空，当差压计在-950mbar以下时，关闭抽气管路，检查真空度，保压时间为5min，真空度下降不超过20mbar，然后加入预浸料充分浸润各区域的纤维，固化后，将制品脱模即可得到外蒙皮1。
本申请实施例中，通过在第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔内均填充气凝胶，而气凝胶具有良好的隔热、保温，如此可增加方舱板材的保温性能；同时，若有噪音产生时，产生的噪音进入竖向隔音槽31被分散进入横向隔音槽，横向隔音槽内的消音棉32化解部分噪音从而起到到了隔音的效果。
在另一种技术方案中，上述预浸料制备方法包括以下步骤：
提供一反应装置，该反应装置包括：
反应桶8，其上端设有第一加料口81、下端设有出料口82；
加料管83，其位于反应桶8内，加料管83一端延伸并穿出所述反应桶8 外，
加料管83上端设有第二加料口81，加料管83外周由上至下连通设有导料管85，导料管85上开设有多个出料孔86；
电机87，其转轴穿过反应桶8并连通加料管83底部，电机87转动带动加料管83转动；
反应桶8内壁以及加料管83外壁均由三维多孔材料制成，反应桶8内壁以
及加料管83外壁比表面积为1800～2000m2/m3，三维多孔材料的平均孔径为5～10μm；
预浸料制备方法为：
将重量份为12.5份的聚丁二烯树脂、8份的钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子、1份的分散剂经第二加料口81加入至加料管83中；
将余下的重量份为12.5份的聚丁二烯树脂、4份的玻璃粉、余下的1份的分散剂经第一加料口81加入至反应桶8中，启动电机87，维持反应桶8内温度为70℃，反应8h，即得预浸料。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，加料管83在电机87的带动下转动，从而使加料管83中聚丁二烯树脂、钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子、分散剂经出料孔86被甩进反应桶8并与反应桶8中聚丁二烯树脂、玻璃粉、分散剂逐步反应，同时，反应桶8内壁以及加料管83外壁均由三维多孔材料制成，反应桶8 内壁以及加料管83外壁比表面积为1800～2000m2/m3，三维多孔材料的平均孔径为5～10μm，反应桶8内壁以及加料管83外壁面比表面面积大，通过该反应装置相比传统的反应釜(原料直接混合)，可使各原料之间充分反应，进而使得钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子分布均匀，进一步提高预浸料的吸波性和阻燃性 Fe3O4复合纳米粒子分布均匀，提高吸波涂层的吸波性能。
在另一种技术方案中，第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔的截面积比值为1:1.5～1.8，即第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔的直径大小不同，受力分散大小也不同，可以增加方舱板材整体的强度。
在另一种技术方案中，隔音板3上下两侧面还设有凸起33，凸起33与第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔相适配，即隔音板3上侧面上的凸起与第一蜂窝芯2的蜂窝孔相适配，隔音板3下侧面上的凸起与第一蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔相适配，上下两侧的凸起33分别对应插设在第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔内，通过设置凸起33，使得隔音板3与第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4之间稳定连接，提高方舱板材的强度。
在另一种技术方案中，所述第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔内还安装截面为三角形的套筒6，套筒6的三个顶角与蜂窝孔4的内壁抵接，同时还在套筒6与蜂窝孔内壁之间固定有弹性件61，具体的，该弹性件61可为弹簧或弹性橡胶，通过设置套筒6可防止第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4在挤压时发生变形，增加了第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的稳定性，同时设置弹性件61，增加了第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的弹性。实际中，在第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔4内安装套筒6后，再填充气凝胶，第一蜂窝芯2内的套筒下端抵接在隔音板3上侧面上的凸起33上，第一蜂窝芯4内的套筒上端抵接在隔音板3下侧面上的凸起33上。
在另一种技术方案中，隔音板3内位于竖向隔音槽31上方还开设有一空腔，该空腔内嵌设有蜂窝状消音板34，蜂窝状消音板34可由消音材料制成，其材料与消音棉32或隔音板3材料相同，产生的噪音进入竖向隔音槽31被分散进入横向隔音槽，横向隔音槽内的消音棉32化解部分噪音后，进一步被蜂窝状消音板34分散化解。
在另一种技术方案中，凸起33的高度为蜂窝孔高度的1/4～1/3，通过将凸起33设置为该高度可使隔音板3与第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4之间的连接稳定可靠。
在另一种技术方案中，所述第一蜂窝芯2、第二蜂窝芯4的蜂窝孔的截面均为正六边形。
在另一种技术方案中，还包括保温板7，所述保温板7分别设置在外蒙皮1 与第一蜂窝芯2以及第二蜂窝芯4与内蒙皮5之间，保温板7可由陶瓷纤维材料、玻璃纤维材料、岩棉材料、硅酸铝材料或泡沫玻璃材料中的一种材料制成，通过设置保温板7进一步增加了方舱板材的保温效果。
预浸料性能测试
对比例1
预浸料的制备方法为：将重量份为25份的聚丁二烯树脂的、重量份为8份的钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子、重量份为2份的分散剂、重量份为4份的玻璃粉的，分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠置于常规反应釜中于温度为70℃，反应8h，即得预浸料。
对比例2
预浸料的制备方法为：同上述本申请的实施例，不同在于，钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子替换为钡铁氧体。
将本申请实施例、对比例1～2制备得到的预浸料在2～18GHz的宽频范围内进行吸波能力测试，实验结果如下表1所示。
表1-不同预浸料的性能
从表1中可知，本申请制备得到的预浸料具有良好的吸波性能以及阻燃性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于，包括：由外至内依次设置的外蒙皮、第一蜂窝芯、隔音板、第二蜂窝芯、内蒙皮；
其中，所述第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内均填充有气凝胶；
所述隔音板内间隔设有多个竖向隔音槽，相邻两个竖向隔音槽之间设有横向隔音槽，所述横向隔音槽内设有消音棉；
其中，所述外蒙皮包括第一碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层和第二碳纤维层，所述第一碳纤维层、所述玻璃纤维层和所述第二碳纤维层内均浸润有预浸料；
所述预浸料包括以下重量份原料：20～30份的聚丁二烯树脂、5～10份的钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子、1～2份的分散剂、3～5份的玻璃粉；
所述钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子的制备方法包括：
将氧化石墨烯、SOCl2和DMF混合后于60～90℃下回流20～30h，过滤，将过滤物加入至乙二醇中于80～100℃下反应20～24h，即得改性石墨烯；
将钡铁氧体、改性石墨烯溶于丙三醇、乙二醇中的混合溶剂中混合，然后于180～190℃，反应5～8h，即得钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于：所述预浸料制备方法包括以下步骤：
提供一反应装置，所述反应装置包括：
反应桶，其上端设有第一加料口、下端设有出料口；
加料管，其位于反应桶内，所述加料管一端延伸并穿出所述反应桶外，所述加料管上端设有第二加料口，所述加料管外周由上至下连通设有导料管，所述导料管上开设有多个出料孔；
电机，其转轴穿过反应桶并连通加料管端部，所述电机转动带动加料管转动；
所述反应桶内壁以及加料管外壁均由三维多孔材料制成，反应桶内壁以及加料管外壁比表面积为1800～2000m2/m3，三维多孔材料的平均孔径为5～10μm；
所述预浸料制备方法为：
将质量分数为50％的所述聚丁二烯树脂、质量分数为50％的所述分散剂、所述钡铁氧体-改性石墨烯复合粒子经第二加料口加入至加料管中；
将余下的质量分数为50％的所述聚丁二烯树脂、余下的分数为50％的所述分散剂、所述玻璃粉经第一加料口加入至反应桶中，启动电机，维持反应桶内温度为60～80℃，反应5～10h，即得所述预浸料。
3.如权利要求1所述的抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于：所述第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔的截面积比值为1:1.5～1.8。
4.如权利要求1所述的抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于：所述隔音板上下两侧面还设有凸起，所述凸起与第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔相适配，所述凸起分别插设于第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内。
5.如权利要求1所述的抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于：所述第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔内还安装截面为三角形的套筒，所述套筒与蜂窝孔内壁之间固定有弹性件。
6.如权利要求1所述的抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于：所述隔音板内位于竖向隔音槽上方还开设有一空腔，所述空腔内嵌设有蜂窝状消音板。
7.如权利要求4所述的抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于：所述凸起的高度为蜂窝孔高度的1/4～1/3。
8.如权利要求1所述的抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于：所述第一蜂窝芯、第二蜂窝芯的蜂窝孔的截面均为正六边形。
9.如权利要求1所述的抗冲击方舱板材，其特征在于：还包括保温板，所述保温板分别设置在外蒙皮与第一蜂窝芯以及第二蜂窝芯与内蒙皮之间。
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