CN110397174B - 一种防水型复合保温板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防水型复合保温板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110397174B
CN110397174B CN201910769100.3A CN201910769100A CN110397174B CN 110397174 B CN110397174 B CN 110397174B CN 201910769100 A CN201910769100 A CN 201910769100A CN 110397174 B CN110397174 B CN 110397174B
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aerogel
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insulation board
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silica aerogel
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代群
鲁荣
范红
代琴
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Hubei Hengxiang Technology Co ltd
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Maanshan Jinhan Waterproof Insulation Engineering Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B30/00Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C04B30/02Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
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    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种防水型复合保温板及其制备方法,该复合保温板包括气凝胶保温层,气凝胶保温层的一面通过胶粘剂与泡沫玻璃层粘接,气凝胶保温层的另一面通过胶粘剂与抗裂层粘接,抗裂层通过胶粘剂与保温板面材粘接,其中泡沫玻璃层与待保温的建筑物墙面贴合;所述泡沫玻璃层为闭孔型的泡沫玻璃板,所述抗裂层为耐碱玻纤网格布,所述保温板面材为闭孔型的硬质泡沫塑料板材,本发明所述防水型复合保温板,采用气凝胶材料作为保温板的芯材,以泡沫玻璃层与硬质泡沫塑料板材作为芯材两面的防护层,气凝胶的优异性质克服了现有技术中保温板材料具有厚度大、重量大的问题,使制备得到的保温板在不降低保温效果的同时,具有更轻、更薄的性质。

Description

一种防水型复合保温板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑保温技术领域,具体的,涉及一种防水型复合保温板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展与进步,人民生活水平的提高,能源的消耗量与消耗速度均大大提升,而在能源损耗中,建筑能源损耗占有相当大的比例,为了降低建筑能源损耗,提升能源利用效率,降低建筑能源使用成本,在现有技术中,人们通过在建筑的外墙或内墙上安装保温板结构,提升建筑的保温效果;
在现有技术中,保温板的结构主要包括保温芯材以及通过胶粘剂粘接在芯材表面的防护材料,在室内安装的保温板是通过胶粘剂或钉固定粘接在墙面上,其中通过胶粘剂固定由于不会破坏建筑,是使用更加广泛的一种方法;在现有技术中,由于材料的限制,为了使保温板能够起到良好的保温效果,保温板的厚度与重量均较大,这也为保温板的固定造成不便,太厚无法用钉固定,太重又无法通过胶粘剂稳定的固定,而且厚度较大的保温板在室内进行使用时,会大大的缩小室内的有效空间,较重的保温板又会提升建筑物负荷,如何制备一种在具有良好保温效果的同时,质量更轻、体积更小的保温材料,是目前需要解决的问题之一,同时由于保温材料为发泡结构,因此具有较大的比表面积,在潮湿环境下,保温材料容易受潮滋生细菌,导致保温材料的有效使用寿命大大降低,为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了以下技术方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防水型复合保温板及其制备方法。
本发明需要解决的技术问题为:
1、在现有技术中,由于保温板保温芯材的材料限制,为了使保温板能够起到良好的保温效果,一般保温板的厚度与重量均比较大,因此导致保温板在室内空间铺设时会十分占据空间,并且重量较大也导致保温板的安装、运输不方便,并提升了建筑物墙壁的负荷;
2、在现有技术中,为了保证保温板具有良好的保温效果,均采用发泡材料作为芯材,但是由于发泡材料具有良好的孔隙结构,大的比表面积以及长期处于阴暗潮湿的环境中,会导致作为芯材的发泡材料成为真菌、细菌滋生的地方,从而大大降低了保温板的有效使用寿命。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种防水型复合保温板,包括气凝胶保温层,气凝胶保温层的一面通过胶粘剂与泡沫玻璃层粘接,气凝胶保温层的另一面通过胶粘剂与抗裂层粘接,抗裂层通过胶粘剂与保温板面材粘接,其中泡沫玻璃层与待保温的建筑物墙面贴合;
所述泡沫玻璃层为闭孔型的泡沫玻璃板,泡沫玻璃层的厚度为0.5-1cm,起到防潮、绝燃与保温的功效;
所述抗裂层为耐碱玻纤网格布,耐碱玻纤网格布的网孔孔径为0.2-0.5cm;
所述保温板面材为闭孔型的硬质泡沫塑料板材,所述保温板面材的厚度为 0.5-2cm,保温板面材起到加强结构强度,方便后续在保温板面材表面进行喷涂、装饰等操作的作用;
所述气凝胶保温层的厚度为5-20cm;
本发明所述防水型复合保温板,采用气凝胶材料作为保温材料,气凝胶的优异性质克服了现有技术中保温板材料具有厚度大、重量大的问题,具有更大的使用价值;
该防水型复合保温板的制备工艺为:
步骤一、制备气凝胶保温层;
S1、制备改性氧化硅气凝胶
S11、将溶剂、去离子水与催化剂均匀混合后,向其中加入气凝胶前驱体与改性填充纤维后,混合均匀,通过溶胶-凝胶法形成溶胶,将溶胶注入模具中静置形成湿凝胶,将湿凝胶干燥后得到块状的改性氧化硅气凝胶;
所述气凝胶前驱体为制备硅气凝胶的硅源,其中硅源为正硅酸乙酯或正硅酸甲酯;
所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇或异丁醇;
所述催化剂为碳酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、氨水或氯化铵;
所述改性填充纤维在改性氧化硅气凝胶中的重量百分比为3%-4%;
S12、将上一步骤得到的块状的改性氧化硅气凝胶切割形成厚度为2-5mm的片状的氧化硅气凝胶;
S13、配制六甲基二硅氮烷的二氯甲烷溶液,其中六甲基二硅氮烷的质量浓度为4%-5.5%,将上一步骤切割得到的片状的氧化硅气凝胶完全浸入其中,反应 30-40min后,在45-60℃的温度下对氧化硅气凝胶进行干燥,完成对氧化硅气凝胶的疏水改性;
由于氧化硅气凝胶的强度低、韧性差,在作为填料使用时容易粉碎失去原有的形状,因此加入改性填充纤维,利用微细纤维补强气凝胶材料,提升形成的气凝胶的韧性与强度,之后对片状的气凝胶进行疏水改性,提升片状的氧化硅气凝胶的疏水能力;
所述改性填充纤维的制备方法为:
SS1、将玄武岩纤维用硅烷偶联剂处理后,烘干干燥后得到玄武岩纤维基体,其中玄武岩纤维的单丝直径为2-5μm,长度为0.1-1mm;
SS2、将上一步骤处理得到的玄武岩纤维加入气凝胶前驱体中超声处理 10-15min,过滤分离后通过吸油材料将玄武岩纤维表面液态的气凝胶前驱体吸除,得到改性填充纤维;
该步骤选用具有良好力学与耐腐蚀能力的玄武岩纤维作为填充纤维,并通过将玄武岩纤维浸泡在制备氧化硅湿凝胶的气凝胶前驱体中,使玄武岩气凝胶充分吸收气凝胶前驱体,在将玄武岩纤维在制备氧化硅气凝胶的过程中加入,玄武岩纤维吸附的气凝胶前驱体也会一同发生水解与聚合,使玄武岩纤维与形成的气凝胶结合更加紧密,提升了形成的气凝胶的韧性与强度。
S2、发泡原料的制备
将酚醛树脂、二氯甲烷与吐温80按照重量比10:1-2.5:0.2-0.6在 1500-2500r/min的转速下搅拌1-1.5min,使三者混合均匀,然后保持转速向其中加入固化剂,搅拌30-40s,得到发泡原料;
需要注意的是,制备得到的发泡原料需要在2min内使用;
该步骤中以酚醛树脂为原料进行低温发泡、二氯甲烷为发泡剂,制备得到闭孔的酚醛泡沫材料作为气凝胶保温层的骨架结构,具有良好的耐腐蚀、绝热、抗老化与阻燃性能,提升了气凝胶保温层的安全性能;
S3、气凝胶保温层成型
将步骤S1中制备得到的片状的氧化硅气凝胶铺设在成型模具的支撑层上,每一层支撑层上铺设一层片状的氧化硅气凝胶,其中片状的氧化硅气凝胶边缘与成型模具的内壁之间保留1-3cm的间隙,向成型模具中注入发泡原料,在 55-65℃的温度下固化成型;
分离两个半模,此时固化成型的发泡结构上由于支撑管的存在,会有多条贯穿的孔道,因此再将发泡原料注入该孔道中,在55-65℃的温度下固化成型,得到成型的气凝胶保温层;
该步骤中通过成型模具制备形成填充有多层片状的改性氧化硅气凝胶的气凝胶保温层,利用气凝胶优异的保温效果与低密度的特性,与传统材料相比较,提升了保温效果,降低了密度,更加方便运输,并降低了对空间的占据,同时以酚醛发泡材料作为骨架结构包裹气凝胶,利用酚醛发泡材料的耐腐蚀、绝热、抗老化与阻燃性能,对性脆的气凝胶材料进行保护,同时采用整片的气凝胶作为填充材料,相较于粉状的气凝胶的混合添加,能够减少气凝胶对发泡材料的吸收,且不需要考虑分散均匀的问题,同时片状的气凝胶材料能够完全阻隔两侧的酚醛发泡材料,大大提升气凝胶保温层的隔热效果。
步骤二、防水型复合保温板的成型
通过胶粘剂将泡沫玻璃层、气凝胶保温层、抗裂层粘接与保温板面材按照从上至下的顺序粘接固定后;
所述成型模具由两个可分离的半模组成,半模包括模壳与安装在模壳内壁上的支撑管,每至少两个支撑管形成一排,半模上至少设置有一排支撑管,两个模壳能够无缝对接,形成一个完整的槽体,两个半模上的支撑管的端部一一对应接触,形成支撑层,保证成型的气凝胶保温层上的孔道贯通。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明所述防水型复合保温板,采用气凝胶材料作为保温板的芯材,以泡沫玻璃层与硬质泡沫塑料板材作为芯材两面的防护层,气凝胶的优异性质克服了现有技术中保温板材料具有厚度大、重量大的问题,使制备得到的保温板在不降低保温效果的同时,具有更轻、更薄的性质。
2、本发明通过成型模具制备形成有以酚醛发泡材料为骨架,填充有多层片状的改性氧化硅气凝胶的气凝胶保温层,利用气凝胶优异的保温效果与低密度的特性,与传统材料相比较,提升了气凝胶保温层的保温效果,降低了密度,更加方便运输,同时以酚醛发泡材料作为骨架结构包裹气凝胶,利用酚醛发泡材料的耐腐蚀、绝热、抗老化与阻燃性能,对性脆的气凝胶材料进行保护,采用整片的气凝胶作为填充材料,相较于粉状的气凝胶的混合添加,能够减少气凝胶对发泡材料的吸收,且不需要考虑分散均匀的问题,同时片状的气凝胶材料能够完全阻隔两侧的酚醛发泡材料,大大提升气凝胶保温层的隔热效果。
3、本发明在氧化硅气凝胶的制备过程中加入改性填充纤维,利用微细纤维补强气凝胶材料,提升形成的气凝胶的韧性与强度,切割之后对片状的气凝胶进行疏水改性,提升氧化硅气凝胶的疏水能力;其中改性填充纤维选用具有良好力学与耐腐蚀能力的玄武岩纤维,并通过将玄武岩纤维浸泡在制备氧化硅湿凝胶的气凝胶前驱体中,使玄武岩气凝胶充分吸收气凝胶前驱体,因此玄武岩纤维在制备氧化硅气凝胶的过程中加入时,玄武岩纤维吸附的气凝胶前驱体也会一同发生水解与聚合,使玄武岩纤维与形成的气凝胶结合更加紧密,提升了形成的气凝胶的韧性与强度。
4、凝胶保温层中酚醛发泡材料与氧化硅气凝胶均为闭孔结构,具有隔绝空气对流,提升保温性能以及良好的防水效果,也避免了为细菌、真菌等的生产提供空间。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
图1是成型模具的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种防水型复合保温板,包括气凝胶保温层,气凝胶保温层的一面通过胶粘剂与泡沫玻璃层粘接,气凝胶保温层的另一面通过胶粘剂与抗裂层粘接,抗裂层通过胶粘剂与保温板面材粘接,其中泡沫玻璃层与待保温的建筑物墙面贴合;
所述泡沫玻璃层为闭孔型的泡沫玻璃板,泡沫玻璃层的厚度为0.5cm;
所述抗裂层为耐碱玻纤网格布,耐碱玻纤网格布的网孔孔径为0.5cm;
所述保温板面材为闭孔型的硬质的聚氨酯泡沫塑料板材,所述保温板面材的厚度为0.5cm;
所述气凝胶保温层的厚度为21.5cm;
该防水型复合保温板的制备工艺为:
步骤一、制备气凝胶保温层
S1、制备改性氧化硅气凝胶
S11、将溶剂、去离子水与催化剂均匀混合后,向其中加入气凝胶前驱体与改性填充纤维后,混合均匀,通过溶胶-凝胶法形成溶胶,将溶胶注入模具中静置形成湿凝胶,将湿凝胶干燥后得到块状的改性氧化硅气凝胶;
所述气凝胶前驱体为制备硅气凝胶的硅源,其中硅源为正硅酸乙酯;
所述溶剂为乙醇;
所述催化剂为柠檬酸;
所述改性填充纤维在改性氧化硅气凝胶中的重量百分比为3.5%;
S12、将上一步骤得到的块状的改性氧化硅气凝胶切割形成厚度为5mm的片状的氧化硅气凝胶;
S13、配制六甲基二硅氮烷的二氯甲烷溶液,其中六甲基二硅氮烷的质量浓度为5%,将上一步骤切割得到的片状的氧化硅气凝胶完全浸入其中,反应30min 后,在55℃的温度下对氧化硅气凝胶进行干燥,完成对氧化硅气凝胶的疏水改性;
所述改性填充纤维的制备方法为:
SS1、将玄武岩纤维用硅烷偶联剂处理后,烘干干燥后得到玄武岩纤维基体,其中玄武岩纤维的单丝直径为2-5μm,长度为0.1-1mm;
SS2、将上一步骤处理得到的玄武岩纤维加入气凝胶前驱体中超声处理 15min,过滤分离后通过吸油材料将玄武岩纤维表面液态的气凝胶前驱体吸除,得到改性填充纤维;
S2、发泡原料的制备
将酚醛树脂、二氯甲烷与吐温80按照重量比10:2:0.3在2200r/min的转速下搅拌1min,使三者混合均匀,然后保持转速向其中加入固化剂,搅拌30s,得到发泡原料;
S3、气凝胶保温层成型
将步骤S1中制备得到的片状的氧化硅气凝胶铺设在成型模具的支撑层2 上,每一层支撑层2上铺设一层片状的氧化硅气凝胶,其中片状的氧化硅气凝胶边缘与成型模具的内壁之间保留2cm的间隙,向成型模具中注入发泡原料,在60℃的温度下固化成型;
分离两个半模1,此时固化成型的发泡结构上由于支撑管3的存在,会有多条贯穿的孔道,因此再将发泡原料注入该孔道中,在60℃的温度下固化成型,得到成型的气凝胶保温层,其中气凝胶保温层中相邻两层氧化硅气凝胶之间的距离为1.5cm,气凝胶保温层的两面距离氧化硅气凝胶的距离为1.5cm;
步骤二、防水型复合保温板的成型
通过胶粘剂将泡沫玻璃层、气凝胶保温层、抗裂层粘接与保温板面材按照从上至下的顺序粘接固定后;
如图1所示,所述成型模具由两个可分离的半模1组成,半模1包括模壳与安装在模壳内壁上的支撑管3,每四个支撑管3形成一排,半模1上设置有十排支撑管3,两个模壳能够无缝对接,形成一个完整的槽体,两个半模1上的支撑管3的端部一一对应接触,形成支撑层2,保证成型的气凝胶保温层上的孔道贯通。
实施例2
一种防水型复合保温板,包括气凝胶保温层,气凝胶保温层的一面通过胶粘剂与泡沫玻璃层粘接,气凝胶保温层的另一面通过胶粘剂与抗裂层粘接,抗裂层通过胶粘剂与保温板面材粘接,其中泡沫玻璃层与待保温的建筑物墙面贴合;
所述泡沫玻璃层为闭孔型的泡沫玻璃板,泡沫玻璃层的厚度为0.5cm,起到防潮、绝燃与保温的功效;
所述抗裂层为耐碱玻纤网格布,耐碱玻纤网格布的网孔孔径为0.5cm;
所述保温板面材为闭孔型的硬质泡沫塑料板材,所述保温板面材的厚度为0.5cm,保温板面材起到加强结构强度,方便后续在保温板面材表面进行喷涂、装饰等操作的作用;
所述气凝胶保温层的厚度为21cm;
该防水型复合保温板的制备工艺为:
步骤一、制备气凝胶保温层;
S1、制备改性氧化硅气凝胶
S11、将溶剂、去离子水与催化剂均匀混合后,向其中加入气凝胶前驱体与改性填充纤维后,混合均匀,通过溶胶-凝胶法形成溶胶,将溶胶注入模具中静置形成湿凝胶,将湿凝胶干燥后得到块状的改性氧化硅气凝胶;
所述气凝胶前驱体为制备硅气凝胶的硅源,其中硅源为正硅酸乙酯;
所述溶剂为乙醇;
所述催化剂为柠檬酸;
所述改性填充纤维在改性氧化硅气凝胶中的重量百分比为4%;
S12、将上一步骤得到的块状的改性氧化硅气凝胶切割形成厚度为5mm的片状的氧化硅气凝胶;
S13、配制六甲基二硅氮烷的二氯甲烷溶液,其中六甲基二硅氮烷的质量浓度为5%,将上一步骤切割得到的片状的氧化硅气凝胶完全浸入其中,反应30min 后,在55℃的温度下对氧化硅气凝胶进行干燥,完成对氧化硅气凝胶的疏水改性;
所述改性填充纤维的制备方法为:
SS1、将玄武岩纤维用硅烷偶联剂处理后,烘干干燥后得到玄武岩纤维基体,其中玄武岩纤维的单丝直径为2-5μm,长度为0.1-1mm;
SS2、将上一步骤处理得到的玄武岩纤维加入气凝胶前驱体中超声处理 15min,过滤分离后通过吸油材料将玄武岩纤维表面液态的气凝胶前驱体吸除,得到改性填充纤维;
S2、发泡原料的制备
将酚醛树脂、二氯甲烷与吐温80按照重量比10:1.5:0.4在2200r/min的转速下搅拌1.5min,使三者混合均匀,然后保持转速向其中加入固化剂,搅拌 40s,得到发泡原料;
S3、气凝胶保温层成型
将步骤S1中制备得到的片状的氧化硅气凝胶铺设在成型模具的支撑层2 上,每一层支撑层2上铺设一层片状的氧化硅气凝胶,其中片状的氧化硅气凝胶边缘与成型模具的内壁之间保留2cm的间隙,向成型模具中注入发泡原料,在60℃的温度下固化成型,其中气凝胶保温层中相邻两层氧化硅气凝胶之间的距离为3cm,气凝胶保温层的两面距离氧化硅气凝胶的距离为1.5cm;
分离两个半模1,此时固化成型的发泡结构上由于支撑管3的存在,会有多条贯穿的孔道,因此再将发泡原料注入该孔道中,在60℃的温度下固化成型,得到成型的气凝胶保温层;
步骤二、防水型复合保温板的成型
通过胶粘剂将泡沫玻璃层、气凝胶保温层、抗裂层粘接与保温板面材按照从上至下的顺序粘接固定后;
如图1所示,所述成型模具由两个可分离的半模1组成,半模1包括模壳与安装在模壳内壁上的支撑管3,每四个支撑管3形成一排,半模1上设置有6 排支撑管3,两个模壳能够无缝对接,形成一个完整的槽体,两个半模1上的支撑管3的端部一一对应接触,形成支撑层2,保证成型的气凝胶保温层上的孔道贯通。
实验结果与分析
对实施例1与实施例2中制备形成的气凝胶保温层的密度以及导热系数进行检测,具体结果见表1:
表1
检测项目 实施例1 实施例2
密度(kg/m<sup>3</sup>) 62 73
导热系数(w/m.k) 0.020 0.023
由表1结果可知,本发明所述气凝胶保温层具有保温效果好、密度小的性质,能够大大降低保温工程对建筑造成的负荷。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种防水型复合保温板,其特征在于,包括气凝胶保温层,气凝胶保温层的一面通过胶粘剂与泡沫玻璃层粘接,气凝胶保温层的另一面通过胶粘剂与抗裂层粘接,抗裂层通过胶粘剂与保温板面材粘接,其中泡沫玻璃层与待保温的建筑物墙面贴合;
所述泡沫玻璃层为闭孔型的泡沫玻璃板,泡沫玻璃层的厚度为0.5-1cm;
所述抗裂层为耐碱玻纤网格布,耐碱玻纤网格布的网孔孔径为0.2-0.5cm;
所述保温板面材为闭孔型的硬质泡沫塑料板材,所述保温板面材的厚度为0.5-2cm;
所述气凝胶保温层的厚度为5-20cm;
上述复合保温板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、气凝胶保温层的制备
S1、制备改性氧化硅气凝胶
制备厚度为2-5mm的片状的氧化硅气凝胶,具体步骤为:
S11、将溶剂、去离子水与催化剂均匀混合后,向其中加入气凝胶前驱体与改性填充纤维后,混合均匀,通过溶胶-凝胶法形成溶胶,将溶胶注入模具中静置形成湿凝胶,将湿凝胶干燥后得到块状的改性氧化硅气凝胶;
所述改性填充纤维在改性氧化硅气凝胶中的重量百分比为3%-4%;
S12、将上一步骤得到的块状的改性氧化硅气凝胶切割形成厚度为2-5mm的片状的氧化硅气凝胶;
S13、配制六甲基二硅氮烷的二氯甲烷溶液,其中六甲基二硅氮烷的质量浓度为4%-5.5%,将上一步骤切割得到的片状的氧化硅气凝胶完全浸入其中,反应30-40min后,在45-60℃的温度下对氧化硅气凝胶进行干燥,完成对氧化硅气凝胶的疏水改性;
所述改性填充纤维的制备方法为:
SS1、将玄武岩纤维用硅烷偶联剂处理,烘干干燥后得到玄武岩纤维基体,其中玄武岩纤维的单丝直径为2-5μm,长度为0.1-1mm;
SS2、将上一步骤处理得到的玄武岩纤维加入气凝胶前驱体中超声处理10-15min,过滤分离后通过吸油材料将玄武岩纤维表面液态的气凝胶前驱体吸除,得到改性填充纤维;
S2、发泡原料的制备
将酚醛树脂、二氯甲烷与吐温80按照重量比10:1-2.5:0.2-0.6在1500-2500r/min的转速下搅拌1-1.5min,使三者混合均匀,然后保持转速向其中加入固化剂,搅拌30-40s,得到发泡原料;
S3、气凝胶保温层成型
将步骤S1中制备得到的片状的氧化硅气凝胶铺设在成型模具的支撑层(2)上,每一层支撑层(2)上铺设一层片状的氧化硅气凝胶,其中片状的氧化硅气凝胶边缘与成型模具的内壁之间保留1-3cm的间隙,向成型模具中注入发泡原料,在55-65℃的温度下固化成型;
分离两个半模(1),固化成型的发泡结构上由于支撑管(3)的存在,会有多条贯穿的孔道,将发泡原料注入该孔道中,在55-65℃的温度下固化成型,得到成型的气凝胶保温层;
步骤二、防水型复合保温板的成型
通过胶粘剂将泡沫玻璃层、气凝胶保温层、抗裂层粘接与保温板面材按照从上至下的顺序粘接固定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水型复合保温板,其特征在于,所述成型模具由两个可分离的半模(1)组成,半模(1)包括模壳与安装在模壳内壁上的支撑管(3),每至少两个支撑管(3)形成一排,半模(1)上至少设置有一排支撑管(3),两个模壳能够无缝对接,形成一个完整的槽体,两个半模(1)上的支撑管(3)的端部一一对应接触,形成支撑层(2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水型复合保温板,其特征在于,所述气凝胶前驱体为正硅酸乙酯或正硅酸甲酯,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇或异丁醇,所述催化剂为碳酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、氨水或氯化铵。
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