CN110978678A - 一种复合板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110978678A
CN110978678A CN201911216955.XA CN201911216955A CN110978678A CN 110978678 A CN110978678 A CN 110978678A CN 201911216955 A CN201911216955 A CN 201911216955A CN 110978678 A CN110978678 A CN 110978678A
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glass fiber
polyurethane
layer
ceramsite
composite board
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王雪原
周明伟
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Guangdong Senmei Construction Engineering New Material Co ltd
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Guangzhou Hantang Housing Integrated Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于复合建材技术领域，具体涉及一种复合板材及其制备方法。本发明的复合板材，包括第一表层、中间层和第二表层；所述第一表层、中间层和第二表层依次叠设；所述第一表层和第二表层为玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的复合材料层，所述中间层为陶粒与聚氨酯的复合材料层。本发明还提供所述复合板材的制备方法。本发明利用多种不同的材料复合，使板材的强度重量比和刚性重量比趋向于最佳。而且在不明显增加成本的前提下制作出一种可以作为高强度基材使用的隔热、隔音材料。

Description

一种复合板材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合建材领域，具体涉及一种复合板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有的轻质发泡材料如聚氨酯保温板，EPS发泡保温板等，其结构如图1所示，上下分别设置两层表面结皮，通常为单一材料；中间填充聚氨酯或EPS等单一的发泡材料。发泡材料是内部具有无数气泡的微孔材料，也可以视为以气体为填料的复合材料，质量轻但其强度和刚性不好。随着社会的发展和人们生活生平的提高，对建筑材料和装修材料的要求越来越高，也期望能客服发泡材料类的隔音隔热材料的缺陷，使其抗震、防冲击等性能更好。而现有的建材成分单一，结构简单，整体的强度差刚性不足，只适合做填充料。现有的隔音、保温板等采用单一实体材料难以在重量、密度、成本、强度、刚性、表面触感等各种性能上完全满足人们越来越高的使用要求。
发明内容
鉴于此，有必要针对上述问题提供一种复合板材及其制备方法。通过改变现有发泡材料的结构，增强整体强度和刚性，降低制造成本。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种复合板材，包括第一表层、中间层和第二表层；所述第一表层、中间层和第二表层依次叠设；所述第一表层和第二表层分别为玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的复合材料层，所述中间层为陶粒与聚氨酯的复合材料层。
进一步的，所述玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的质量比为：1:2～2:1。
进一步的，所述陶粒与聚氨酯的质量比为：1:5～1:10。
进一步的，所述陶粒的粒径为：5～20㎜。
进一步的，所述中间层中还包括增强结构；如龙骨、玻璃钢格栅或者蜂窝材料等。
本发明复合板材的制备方法，包括步骤：
步骤1.用聚氨酯喷淋机将聚氨酯原料喷淋或浸润在玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布上；然后将玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布放置在模具内；
步骤2.在步骤1的玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布上平铺放置至少一层的陶粒层；
步骤3.用聚氨酯喷淋机或聚氨酯浇灌机，将聚氨酯原料喷淋或浇灌在步骤2的陶粒层上，使其完全充满陶粒之间的间隙；
步骤4.另取玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布，将聚氨酯原料喷淋或浸润在玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布上，然后将玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布放置在步骤3的陶粒上；
步骤5.用压机将模具压合
进一步的，所述步骤1中玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的质量比为：1:2～2:1。
进一步的，所述步骤2中的陶粒的粒径为：5～20㎜。
进一步的，所述步骤2中每1平方米玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布上使用的陶粒数量为10～35公斤。
进一步的，所述步骤2中还包括在陶粒间纺织增强结构。
进一步的，所述步骤3中陶粒与聚氨酯的质量比为：1:5～1:10。
本发明有益效果：
本发明的目的是根据复合材料加强性能的理念，利用多种不同的材料复合，使板材的强度重量比和刚性重量比趋向于最佳。而且在不明显增加成本的前提下制作出一种可以作为高强度基材使用的隔热、隔音材料。
聚氨酯的组成成分“异氰酸酯和组合聚醚”，这两种材料混合在一起会发生化学反应，在反应的过程中会释放热量，反应完成后会生成聚氨酯。在反应的过程中聚氨酯会发泡体积变大。玻璃纤维毡由极细的玻璃纤维丝经过捻线等一系列的工序形成玻璃纤维束，把玻璃纤维束切断均匀的混合在一起再经过喷胶水、热压等一系列工序形成玻璃纤维毡。玻璃纤维毡具有吸水性，液体非常容易在玻璃纤维毡上散布聚氨酯喷淋在玻璃纤维毡上面之后，因为玻纤材料自身的特点，聚氨酯组成成分会在玻璃纤维毡上分散开，然后发生反应，在这个过程中因为一侧有模具，另外一侧有支撑层，聚氨酯体积变大的方向基本沿着玻璃纤维毡的表面。反应完成后就形成一个有强度的保护层。故本发明的表层采用玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的复合材料层，其好处在于玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯复合形成一个致密的结构层，具有一定的防水性，该结构层能够保护里面的聚氨酯与陶粒复合层不受外界冲击，在外部受力的情况下，可以一定程度上将外部的力分散。
本发明的中间层采用发泡材料和陶粒按一定比例复合，使陶粒分散的分布在发泡材料中，既借陶粒使中间层刚性、强度增加，又不影响隔音、隔热，做到了兼顾。且陶粒易获得，成本较低。
本发明可进一步地在中间层中增加增强龙骨，适用于对刚性、强度要求更高的环境中。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的轻质发泡材料的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的复合板材的结构示意图。
图3为本发明的复合板材的优化方案的结构示意图。
附图标记：
11、表面结皮；12、夹层；21、第一表层；22、陶粒；23、聚氨酯；24、增强结构；25、第二表层。
具体实施方式
为了更好的说明本发明技术方案所要解决的问题、采用的技术方案和达到的有益效果，现结合具体实施方式进一步阐述。值得说明的是，本发明技术方案包含但不限于以下实施方式。
本发明中“第一”、“第二”等指代性限定词，仅为了表述方便所用，并不代表对本方案中具体结构的位置或者次序的限制。
本发明中“上”、“下”等方位限定词，仅为了表述方便所用，并不代表对本方案中具体结构的位置或者次序的限制。
实施例一
本实施例的一种复合板材，包括第一表层21、中间层和第二表层25；所述第一表层21、中间层和第二表层25依次叠设；所述第一表层21和第二表层25为玻璃纤维毡与聚氨酯的复合材料层，所述中间层为陶粒22与聚氨酯23的复合材料层。
所述玻璃纤维毡与聚氨酯的质量比为1:2
所述陶粒与聚氨酯的质量比为1:10；
所述陶粒的粒径为5mm。
本实施例的复合板材的制备方法包括：
步骤1.用聚氨酯喷淋机将聚氨酯原料喷淋在玻璃纤维毡上；然后将玻璃纤维毡放置在模具内；
步骤2.在步骤1的玻璃纤维毡上分4层放置陶粒35公斤；
步骤3.用聚氨酯喷淋机或聚氨酯浇灌机，将聚氨酯原料浇灌在步骤2的陶粒上；
步骤4.另取玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布，将聚氨酯原料喷淋在玻璃纤维毡上，然后将玻璃纤维毡放置在步骤3的陶粒层上；
步骤5.用压机将模具压合。
实施例二
本实施例的一种复合板材，包括第一表层21、中间层和第二表层25；所述第一表层21、中间层和第二表层25依次叠设；所述第一表层21和第二表层25为玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的复合材料层，所述中间层为陶粒22与聚氨酯23的复合材料层。
所述玻璃纤维布与聚酰胺聚氨酯的质量比为2:1；
所述陶粒与聚氨酯的质量比为1：8；
所述陶粒的粒径为12mm。
本实施例的复合板材的制备方法包括：
步骤1.用聚氨酯喷淋机将聚酰胺聚氨酯原料喷淋在玻璃纤维布上；然后将玻璃纤维布放置在模具内；
步骤2.在步骤1的玻璃纤维布上分2层放置陶粒10公斤；
步骤3.用聚氨酯喷淋机或聚氨酯浇灌机，将聚氨酯原料喷淋或浇灌在步骤2的陶粒上；
步骤4.另取玻璃纤维布，将聚氨酯原料喷淋在玻璃纤维布上，然后将玻璃纤维布放置在步骤3的陶粒上；
步骤5.用压机将模具压合。
实施例三
本实施例的一种复合板材，包括第一表层21、中间层和第二表层25；所述第一表层21、中间层和第二表层25依次叠设；所述第一表层21和第二表层25为玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的复合材料层，所述中间层为陶粒22与发泡材料聚氨酯23的复合材料层。
所述玻纤与聚氨酯的质量比为1：1；
所述陶粒与聚氨酯的质量比为1：5；
所述陶粒的粒径为20mm。
本实施例的复合板材的制备方法包括：
步骤1.用聚氨酯喷淋机将聚氨酯原料喷淋在玻璃纤维布上；然后将玻璃纤维布放置在模具内；
步骤2.在步骤1的玻璃纤维布上分3层放置陶粒25公斤；
步骤3.用聚氨酯喷淋机或聚氨酯浇灌机，将聚氨酯原料喷淋或浇灌在步骤2的陶粒层上；
步骤4.另取玻璃纤维布，将聚氨酯原料喷淋在或玻璃纤维布上，然后将玻璃纤维布放置在步骤3的陶粒层上；
步骤5.用压机将模具压合。
对比例一
一种复合板材，包括上下设置的表面结皮11、夹层12；所述夹层12位于上下设置的表面结皮11之间；所述表面结皮11为玻璃纤维，所述夹层为聚氨酯。
对比例二
一种复合板材，包括上下设置的表面结皮11、夹层12；所述夹层12位于上下设置的表面结皮11之间；所述表面结皮11为玻璃纤维，所述夹层为聚氨酯和陶粒按照质量比1:10复合的复合材料层。
对比例三
一种复合板材，包括上下设置的表面结皮11、夹层12；所述夹层12位于上下设置的表面结皮11之间；所述表面结皮11为玻璃纤维和聚氨酯按照质量比2:1复合的复合材料层，所述夹层为聚氨酯。
相同的实验条件下，对比实施例一、实施例二、实施例三、对比例一、对比例二和对比例三的板材的性能，结果显示实施例一、实施例二、实施例三的各性能指标相差无几，但均比对比例一、对比例二和对比例三的板材的强度和刚性要好。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合板材，包括第一表层、中间层和第二表层；所述第一表层、中间层和第二表层依次叠设，其特征在于，所述复合板材的第一表层和第二表层分别为玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的复合材料层，所述中间层为陶粒与聚氨酯的复合材料层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合板材，其特征在于，所述玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布与聚氨酯的质量比为：1:2～2:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合板材，其特征在于，所述陶粒与聚氨酯的质量比为：1:5～1:10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合板材，其特征在于，所述中间层中还包括增强结构；所述增强结构包括龙骨、玻璃钢格栅或者蜂窝材料。
5.根据权利要求1至4任意一项所述的复合板材，其特征在于，所述陶粒的粒径为：5～20㎜。
6.一种复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括步骤：
步骤1.将聚氨酯喷淋或浸润在玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布上；然后将玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布放置在模具内；
步骤2.在步骤1的玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布上放置陶粒层；
步骤3.将聚氨酯喷淋或浇灌在步骤2的陶粒层上；
步骤4.另取玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布，将聚氨酯喷淋或浸润在玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布上，然后将玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布放置在步骤3的陶粒上；
步骤5.用压机将模具压合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中的陶粒的粒径为5～20㎜。
8.根据权利要求6所述的复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中每1平方米玻璃纤维毡或玻璃纤维布上使用的陶粒数量为10～35公斤。
9.根据权利要求6所述的复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中还包括在陶粒间放置增强结构。
10.根据权利要求6所述的复合板材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中陶粒与聚氨酯的质量比为1:5～1:10。
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