CN114055192A - 一种车铣复合转台及高档数控机床 - Google Patents

一种车铣复合转台及高档数控机床 Download PDF

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CN114055192A
CN114055192A CN202111363041.3A CN202111363041A CN114055192A CN 114055192 A CN114055192 A CN 114055192A CN 202111363041 A CN202111363041 A CN 202111363041A CN 114055192 A CN114055192 A CN 114055192A
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turning
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milling composite
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王加祥
胡明
国兴洋
王桂东
周瑞
刘少杰
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SHANDONG MACHINERY DESIGN INST
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/54—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only
    • B23Q1/5406—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4876—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/488—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种车铣复合转台及高档数控机床，属于机床领域，包括台体、转动连接于台体顶部的工作台，台体内安装行星轮自动变速系统；所述行星轮自动变速系统包括行星轮机构、变调装置和刹车装置，工作台通过行星轮机构连接动力源；变调装置包括安装于行星轮机构外侧的内齿套，内齿套连接伸缩机构；刹车装置包括设于内齿套下方的下齿盘，在伸缩机构作用下内齿套底部端齿与下齿盘顶部端齿啮合，或内齿套周向下齿圈与台体顶部的上齿圈啮合。本发明通过设置行星轮机构和变调装置，能够改变内齿套的啮合位置，从而实现工作台低速、大扭矩运行或者高速运行，满足了高档数控机床铣削、钻削、镗削和车削等加工工序的要求。

Description

一种车铣复合转台及高档数控机床
技术领域
本发明涉及机床领域，尤其涉及一种车铣复合转台及高档数控机床。
背景技术
高档数控机床具有高速、精密、智能、复合、多轴联动和网络通信等功能特性，其中二轴摆角主轴头和二轴转台是高档数控机床多轴联动的具体体现。二轴转台具有高精度分度功能、精确定位功能、低速大扭矩输出功能，可用于高档数控机床的工作台。
现有技术公开了一种低速直驱大扭矩数控转台，包括机体、转台组件、转子及定子，转台组件包括回转盘及连接座，回转盘与连接座固定连接，低速直驱大扭矩数控转台还包括减速器，能够实现在增强扭矩的同时减小数控转台的体积和重量。现有技术还公开了一种双轴数控转台，包括倾斜轴、旋转轴和支撑机构，其将摆线针轮减速器和双轴数控转台相结合，保证传动刚度的同时，提高了传动精度。
发明人发现，由于机床的铣削、钻削和镗削等工序需要低速大扭矩，而车削工序需要较高的线速度，现有技术中的转台结构都不能二者兼顾，即现有转台仅能实现铣削、钻削和镗削等功能，不能进行车削。因此，限制了高档数控机床的适用范围。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种车铣复合转台及高档数控机床，通过设置行星轮机构和变调装置，能够改变内齿套的啮合位置，从而实现工作台低速、大扭矩运行或者高速运行，满足了高档数控机床铣削、钻削、镗削和车削等加工工序的要求。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现：
第一方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种车铣复合转台，包括台体、转动连接于台体顶部的工作台，台体内安装行星轮自动变速系统；
所述行星轮自动变速系统包括行星轮机构、变调装置和刹车装置，工作台通过行星轮机构连接动力源；
变调装置包括安装于行星轮机构外侧的内齿套，内齿套连接伸缩机构；刹车装置包括设于内齿套下方的下齿盘，在伸缩机构作用下内齿套底部端齿与下齿盘顶部端齿啮合，或内齿套周向下齿圈与台体顶部的上齿圈啮合。
作为进一步的实现方式，所述台体一端开有第一开口，另一端开有第二开口；第一开口处安装上齿圈，第二开口处安装动力源。
作为进一步的实现方式，所述伸缩机构通过座板与台体底部固定，伸缩机构的伸缩杆连接推板，在推板作用下内齿套能够上移以使下齿圈与上齿圈啮合。
作为进一步的实现方式，所述座板上表面安装有摩擦片，所述座板和台体之间安装弹性片。
作为进一步的实现方式，所述行星轮机构包括轮架、安装于轮架中心的中心轮、沿中心轮周向分布的多个行星轮；中心轮的轴线与工作台的轴线重合。
作为进一步的实现方式，所述行星轮安装于行星轴，且行星轮与中心轮、内齿套均啮合。
作为进一步的实现方式，所述内齿套的端齿和下齿盘的端齿之间设有至少一组永久磁铁。
作为进一步的实现方式，所述下齿盘的底面设有刹车片。
作为进一步的实现方式，所述台体安装于转台架，转台架与转台座转动连接。
第二方面，本发明的实施例还提供了一种高档数控机床，包括所述的车铣复合转台。
本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明行星轮机构的轮架与工作台固定，内齿套套装在轮架上，内齿套能够与台体固定、或与轮架固定，当内齿套与台体固定、且与轮架分开时，工作台实现低速、大扭矩运行，当内齿套与轮架固定、且与台体分开时，工作台实现高速运行，从而满足高档数控机床铣削、钻削、镗削和车削等加工工序的要求。
(2)本发明的下齿盘设有刹车盘，当伸缩杆继续缩退至后位时，推板也继续后退，使推板下面压在下齿盘的刹车盘上面，推板与刹车盘产生摩擦，继而实现刹车、加载或定位。
(3)本发明在内齿套的端齿与下齿盘的端齿之间增加至少一组永久磁铁，使内齿套的端齿与下齿盘的端齿啮合时产生吸引力，以保证内齿套的端齿与下齿盘的端齿啮合的可靠性。
(4)本发明在推板下表面和座板上表面嵌装摩擦片，以增加摩擦力，提高耐磨性，保证定位精度；在台体与座板之间增设弹性片，座板与弹性片固连，弹性片再固装在台体上，能够使推板和座板获得柔性，在刹车时摩擦面接触充分，且受力均匀。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的数控机床结构示意图；
图2是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的转台主视图；
图3是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的转台侧视图；
图4是图3的J-J局部剖视图；
图5是图4的局部放大示意图；
图6是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的转台立体图。
其中，1.底座，2.躯体，3.主轴头，4.转台，5.刀库，41.转台座，42.转台架，43.工作台，44.行星轮自动变速系统，45.轴承，46.台体，4401.动力装置，4402.座板，4403.弹性片，4404.轮架，4405.中心轮，4406.联轴节，4407.伺服电机，4408.行星轮，4409.行星轴，4410.下齿盘，4411.内齿套，4412.推板，4413.下齿圈，4414.上齿圈,440101.伸缩杆，441001.刹车盘，441101.端齿。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
本实施例提供了一种车铣复合转台，如图2-图4所示，包括转台座41、转台架42、工作台43、行星轮自动变速系统44、台体46，转台架42安装于转台座41内侧，且转台架42两端与转台座41转动连接；转台架42内安装台体46，工作台43通过轴承45安装于台体46顶部，工作台43能够相对台体46转动。
工作台43相对台体46的转动是一个数控轴，为C轴；转台架42相对转台座41的转动也是一个数控轴，为A轴。
行星轮自动变速系统44安装于台体46内并与工作台43连接，通过行星轮自动变速系统44实现工作台43变速运动，即工作台43能够低速、大扭矩运行，也能够高速运行，从而使装有复合转台的机床既能够铣削、钻削和镗削，也能车削。
在本实施例中，台体46内部具有安装空腔，其顶部设有第一开口，底部设有第二开口。
进一步的，如图5和图6所示，所述行星轮自动变速系统44包括行星轮机构、变调装置和刹车装置，行星轮机构包括轮架4404、中心轮4405、行星轮4408、行星轴4409、内齿套4411、联轴节4406和伺服电机4407，伺服电机4407作为主(或工作台)动力源。
中心轮4405通过轴承安装于轮架4404中心，中心轮4405的轴线与工作台43的轴线同轴；轮架4404固定于工作台43底部。中心轮4405通过联轴节4406与伺服电机4407的电机轴相连，所述伺服电机4407固定于台体46底部第二开口处，且伺服电机4407位于台体46外侧，通过伺服电机4407驱动中心轮4405旋转。
中心轮4405周向与多个行星轮4408啮合，行星轮4408通过行星轴4409与轮架4404连接，行星轮4408的外圆周套设有内齿套4411，且内齿套4411与行星轮4408啮合。内齿套4411能够与台体46固定、或与轮架4404固定，当内齿套4411与台体46固定、且与轮架4404分开时，工作台43能够低速、大扭矩运行，当内齿套4411与轮架4404固定、且与台体46分开时，工作台43能够高速运行。
进一步的，所述变调装置包括动力装置4401、座板4402、下齿圈4413和上齿圈4414，座板4402固定于台体46内并位于第二开口上侧，座板4402周向间隔安装多个动力装置4401。所述台体46与座板4402之间安装弹性片4403，能够使推板4412和座板4402获得柔性，在刹车时摩擦面接触充分，且受力均匀。
在本实施例中，动力装置4401设置两个，且两动力装置4401相对于工作台43的轴线对称。本实施例的动力装置4401可以采用伺服电缸、液压缸或电磁装置，伺服电缸便于实现自动控制；液压缸经济、可靠，但维护比较麻烦；电磁装置结构简洁、控制方便，但震动较大，用于超精密机床时影响机床加工精度。
所述刹车装置包括下齿盘4410和推板4412，下齿盘4410套设于联轴节4406外侧并位于座板4402和内齿套4411之间，下齿盘4410安装于轮架4404外侧。所述座板4402呈圆环结构，推板4412与座板4402平行，且推板4412与动力装置4401的伸缩杆440101固定，通过伸缩杆440101的伸缩能够改变推板4412与座板4402的间距。
内齿套4411外侧套设有下齿圈4413，且下齿圈4413与内齿套4411固定；上齿圈4414固定于台体46的第一开口位置，当伸缩杆440101伸长时，下齿圈4413的端齿能够与上齿圈4414的端齿相啮合，当伸缩杆440101回缩时，下齿圈4413的端齿能够与上齿圈4414的端齿脱离。
内齿套4411的底部设有端齿441101，端齿441101能够与下齿盘4410顶部的端齿相啮合，内齿套4411具有伸出端，其伸出端底面能够与推板4412顶面接触，在推板4412作用下内齿套4411能够上下滑动。
在本实施例中，动力装置4401的伸缩杆440101能够伸缩定止三个位置：前位、中位和后位，当伸缩杆440101前进至前位时，推板4412前行，推板4412推动内齿套4411向上滑移，使下齿圈4413的端齿与上齿圈4414的端齿啮合，相当于内齿套4411与台体46固定为一体，内齿套4411的端齿441101与下齿盘4410的端齿脱开；当伸缩杆440101缩退至中位时，推板4412也后退，推板4412与内齿套4411脱离，内齿套4411在重力作用下向下滑移，使内齿套4411的端齿441101与下齿盘4410的端齿啮合，相当于内齿套4411与轮架4404固定为一体，下齿圈4413的端齿与上齿圈4414的端齿脱开。
进一步的，下齿盘4410底面靠近端部位置设有刹车盘441001，当伸缩杆440101继续缩退至后位时，推板4412也继续后退，使推板4412的下表面压在下齿盘4410的刹车盘441001上，推板4412与刹车盘441001产生摩擦，继而实现刹车、加载或定位。
在推板4412的下表面和座板4402的上表面嵌装摩擦片，以增加摩擦力，提高耐磨性，保证定位精度。在台体46与座板4402之间增设弹性片4403，座板4402与弹性片4403固连，弹性片4403再固装在台体46上；该结构能够使推板4412和座板4402获得柔性，在刹车时摩擦面接触充分，且受力均匀。
进一步的，在内齿套4411的端齿441101与下齿盘4410的端齿之间增加至少一组永久磁铁，使内齿套4411的端齿441101与下齿盘4410的端齿啮合时产生吸引力，以保证内齿套4411的端齿441101与下齿盘4410的端齿啮合的可靠性。
实施例二：
本实施例提供了一种高档数控机床，如图1所示，包括底座1、躯体2、主轴头3、转台4、刀库5和数控系统，所述转台4采用实施例一所述的复合转台，转台4安装于底座1上表面，主轴头3安装于躯体2一侧，并位于转台3上方；主轴头3及转台3在底座1的运动通过数控系统控制。
本实施例通过安装有行星轮自动变速系统44的转台4实现低速大扭矩运行、或高速运行，能够满足高档数控机床铣削、钻削、镗削和车削等全部加工工序要求。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，包括台体、转动连接于台体顶部的工作台，台体内安装行星轮自动变速系统；
所述行星轮自动变速系统包括行星轮机构、变调装置和刹车装置，工作台通过行星轮机构连接动力源；
变调装置包括安装于行星轮机构外侧的内齿套，内齿套连接伸缩机构；刹车装置包括设于内齿套下方的下齿盘，在伸缩机构作用下内齿套底部端齿与下齿盘顶部端齿啮合，或内齿套周向下齿圈与台体顶部的上齿圈啮合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，所述台体一端开有第一开口，另一端开有第二开口；第一开口处安装上齿圈，第二开口处安装动力源。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，所述伸缩机构通过座板与台体底部固定，伸缩机构的伸缩杆连接推板，在推板作用下内齿套能够上移以使下齿圈与上齿圈啮合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，所述座板上表面安装有摩擦片，所述座板和台体之间安装弹性片。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，所述行星轮机构包括轮架、安装于轮架中心的中心轮、沿中心轮周向分布的多个行星轮；中心轮的轴线与工作台的轴线重合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，所述行星轮安装于行星轴，且行星轮与中心轮、内齿套均啮合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，所述内齿套的端齿和下齿盘的端齿之间设有至少一组永久磁铁。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，所述下齿盘的底面设有刹车片。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种车铣复合转台，其特征在于，所述台体安装于转台架，转台架与转台座转动连接。
10.一种高档数控机床，包括如权利要求1-9任一所述的车铣复合转台。
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