CN114048649A - Method for weakening low-frequency vibration of stator of hydraulic generator - Google Patents
Method for weakening low-frequency vibration of stator of hydraulic generator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for weakening low-frequency vibration of a stator of a hydraulic generator, which comprises a first supporting unit and a second supporting unit, wherein the first supporting unit comprises a first vertical telescopic piece, a first top supporting piece, a first base piece, a first side supporting piece, a first connecting rod and a third side supporting piece which are vertically arranged, and the second supporting unit comprises a second vertical telescopic piece, a second top supporting piece, a second base piece, a second side supporting piece, a second connecting rod and a fourth side supporting piece. The device is provided with a supporting mode of combining the top supporting piece and the side supporting piece, so that the supporting strength is enhanced; the third supporting piece and the fourth supporting piece are adopted to support the side face of the coal mine, so that the safety is higher; the telescopic plates capable of stretching towards the front end and the rear end simultaneously are adopted, so that the supporting area is larger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic generators, in particular to a method for weakening low-frequency vibration of a hydraulic generator stator.
Background
The problem of low-frequency vibration of large and medium-sized hydraulic generators frequently occurs in recent years. After the hydroelectric generating sets such as the right bank of the three gorges, the Longtan, the bay, the Raschig tile, the glutinous ferry, the inner bottom and the like are put into operation, the stator core and the base part of the hydroelectric generating sets have low-frequency vibration mainly with 1,2 and 3 times of frequency conversion to different degrees. And part of the units seriously exceed the national standard requirements. A large amount of research work is carried out in related industries in China, but the research work is not properly solved in general. Particularly, the models such as the small bay, the glutinous rice ferry, the inner sole and the like have large dispersion effect after being treated for many times, and the problem is not solved systematically.
The problem of low-frequency vibration of the hydraulic generator is a problem related to strong electromagnetic and mechanical coupling, has more influence factors, and has factors possibly inducing the problem of low-frequency vibration in all links from design, manufacture, installation and operation, so that great challenges are provided for providing effective treatment measures.
The prior method for processing the low-frequency vibration problem mainly comprises the following methods: by increasing the hot keying tightness of the magnet yoke, the integrity of the rotor magnet yoke and the rotor bracket is improved, and air gap deformation during operation is avoided; the axial line of the unit and the clearance of the bearing bush are adjusted, the rigidity of the rotor bracket is enhanced, and the like, so that the stability of an air gap during operation is ensured; adjusting magnetic pole spacers, adjusting rotor roundness, etc. However, in terms of actual operation, the methods are only effective for part of the units, and the problem of low-frequency vibration cannot be solved after the part of the units are processed for multiple times. Taking a bottom power station as an example, the roundness is greatly improved through multiple times of gasket adjustment, but the problem of low-frequency vibration of the stator tends to be aggravated.
On the other hand, through a passive noise reduction mode, such as increasing a stator elastic element and strengthening the connection between a stator iron core and a machine base, although the methods can reduce the vibration of the motor to a certain extent, the excitation source cannot be weakened, the effect in practice is often relatively high in randomness and uncertainty, electromagnetic vibration and noise with specific frequency cannot be effectively weakened, and the cost is high and the effect is low.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above and/or other problems occurring in the conventional method for attenuating low frequency vibration of a stator of a hydro-generator.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a method for attenuating the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydro-generator.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for weakening low-frequency vibration of a stator of a hydro-generator comprises the steps of carrying out discrete Fourier transform on the distribution of magnetic flux of each stage to obtain an air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value; according to the dynamic appearance data of the rotor, carrying out finite element modeling on an electromagnetic field of the whole machine, and solving a calculated value of air gap magnetic flux characteristics; obtaining a correction coefficient according to the measured air gap magnetic flux characteristic value and the calculated air gap magnetic flux characteristic value; modifying the finite element model of the electromagnetic field of the whole machine according to the correction coefficient; according to the modified finite element model of the complete machine electromagnetic field, solving a modified value of the air gap magnetic flux characteristic; comparing the air gap magnetic flux characteristic modification value with the air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value to obtain a weakening value; if the weakening value does not meet the requirement, an improvement scheme is provided, and the finite element model of the electromagnetic field of the complete machine is modified again until the weakening value meets the requirement.
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: and obtaining a correction coefficient, and applying the correction coefficient to the finite element model.
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: by machining the poles in different sizes.
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: the acquired magnetic flux distribution data of each stage are respectively averaged and numbered, so that the magnetic flux distribution data can be obtained:
b(1)，b(2)，…，b(N)，
wherein N is the total number of magnetic poles;
discrete Fourier transform is carried out on the average value of each stage of magnetic flux distribution data, and the following can be obtained:
in the formula: n is the total number of magnetic poles, N is the number of the magnetic poles, b (N) is the mean value of magnetic flux corresponding to the magnetic pole N, B (k) is the complex component of the k-th harmonic wave obtained by FFT, and e is the natural logarithm.
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: the air-gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value bm (k) is the air-gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value, and Mod (b (k)) is the amplitude of b (k).
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: correction factor
In the formula Bmeas(i) Is the measured magnetic flux of the i-th pole, Bcalc(i) Is the finite element calculated flux density of the i (k) th pole.
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: when the magnetic flux distribution data of each stage is collected, firstly, the induced potential waveform of the magnetic flux sensor is integrated to form magnetic flux of each pole, and when the eddy current sensor is in no-load, the voltage waveform corresponding to the eddy current pulse signal is integrated to form the magnetic flux distribution data of each stage.
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic flux sensor is arranged on the side surface of the air gap stator, a key photo is attached to the position of a rotor outgoing line corresponding to a generator rotor spindle, and the eddy current sensor is arranged at the position corresponding to the key photo.
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: when the voltage waveform is formed, the eddy current voltage signal, other magnetic field signals and stator voltage signals need to be simultaneously connected into the waveform recorder, and then the generator is in no-load operation.
As a preferable scheme of the method for weakening the low-frequency vibration of the stator of the hydraulic generator, the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic flux sensors are arranged in a plurality of numbers and are uniformly arranged at equal angles.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can fully consider the comprehensive influence caused by the dispersion of processing, materials, assembly, dynamic deformation and the like based on the air gap magnetic flux distribution characteristic value, is more reasonable and feasible compared with a method only adopting a single air gap characteristic value, has very strong engineering practical value, and has better effect on the expected difficult vibration problem which is not solved after multiple treatments;
the invention provides an electromagnetic finite element model considering dynamic appearance distribution of a rotor and provides a correction method of the model. The correction makes the model more realistic. Scheme making based on the correction model has better precision and improvement effect, and can also better predict implementation effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for attenuating low-frequency vibration of a stator of a water turbine generator in embodiment 1.
FIG. 2 is a finite element model diagram of the method for attenuating low-frequency vibration of the stator of the water turbine generator in the embodiment 1.
FIG. 3 is a vibration comparison of a power plant using the method for attenuating low-frequency vibration of a stator of a water turbine generator in example 1 before and after modification by the technique of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for attenuating low-frequency vibration of a stator of a hydro-generator, which includes the following steps:
s1: collecting data, including air gap flux distribution data and rotor dynamic morphology data;
specifically, a magnetic flux sensor and a rotor position sensor are mounted on the air-gap stator side. The magnetic flux sensors are distributed at a plurality of positions on the circumference, when the motor rotates, each magnetic pole sequentially sweeps across the sensors fixed on the stator to sequentially induce a potential waveform, and the waveform is integrated to correspond to the magnetic flux of each pole.
In the waterwheel chamber, a key photo is pasted at the position of a generator rotor main shaft corresponding to a rotor outgoing line, the key photo rotates along with a group, an eddy current sensor is installed at a corresponding fixed position, and a voltage signal of the eddy current is accessed to a waveform recorder. During test, the eddy current voltage signal needs to be simultaneously accessed with other magnetic field signals and stator voltage signals, test data is recorded during no-load, and the initial position of the voltage waveform corresponding to the eddy current pulse signal is determined. The voltage waveform is integrated to obtain magnetic flux distribution data.
S2: performing discrete Fourier transform on the magnetic flux distribution of each stage to obtain an air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value;
specifically, firstly, the measured magnetic flux of each pole is averaged for one period, wherein the period is an electrical period, and one period is 60/rotating speed/pole pair number, and then the average values of different sensors are respectively numbered as follows:
b(1)，b(2)，…，b(N)
where N is the total number of poles.
The actually measured magnetic density obtained in the mode is a comprehensive result of a plurality of measuring points distributed on the circumference of the stator, and errors caused by inaccurate measuring point can be avoided.
Discrete fourier transform is performed on the obtained signal to obtain:
in the formula, N is the total number of magnetic poles, N is the number of magnetic poles, b (N) is the mean value of magnetic flux corresponding to the nth magnetic pole, b (k) is the complex component of the kth harmonic obtained by FFT, and e is the natural logarithm.
Defining the measured air gap flux characteristic value bm (k) ═ Mod (b (k)), the low-frequency vibration of the generator stator usually mainly takes 1,2 and 3 times of frequency conversion, and the 1,2 and 3 order components of the flux characteristic value are direct excitation sources of the low-frequency vibration, so that the low-order flux characteristic value is the excitation capable of representing the low-frequency vibration. The excitation is represented by the distribution characteristic value of the magnetic flux, so that the condition that the final effect is poor due to the fact that the influence of only a single factor of an air gap is mostly considered in the prior art can be avoided.
Thus, an air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value bm (k), k being 1,2,3.
S3: according to the dynamic appearance data of the rotor, carrying out finite element modeling on the electromagnetic field of the whole machine, solving air gap magnetic flux distribution, and solving an air gap magnetic flux characteristic calculation value, wherein the calculation method is the same as the calculation method for solving an air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value;
s4: modifying the finite element model of the electromagnetic field of the whole machine according to the correction coefficient;
specifically, a series of correction coefficients are obtained according to the difference between the actually measured magnetic flux and the calculated magnetic flux, and the model is corrected.
The correction factor for the magnetic pole i is defined as:
wherein, Bmeas(i) Is the measured magnetic flux of the i-th pole, Bcalc(i) Is the finite element calculated flux density of the i (k) th pole.
S5: modifying the finite element model of the electromagnetic field of the whole machine according to the correction coefficient;
specifically, the magnetic field distribution of each pole obtained by subsequent calculation is multiplied by the corresponding correction coefficient, and then the finite element model of the electromagnetic field of the whole machine is correspondingly modified.
S6: according to the modified finite element model of the complete machine electromagnetic field, solving a modified value of the air gap magnetic flux characteristic;
s7: comparing the air gap magnetic flux characteristic modification value with the air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value to obtain a weakening value;
s7: if the weakening value does not meet the requirement, an improvement scheme is provided, and the finite element model of the electromagnetic field of the complete machine is modified again until the weakening value meets the requirement;
specifically, the improved scheme is that the dynamic morphology can be changed by processing the magnetic poles in different sizes, so that the air gap magnetic density low-order characteristic value is weakened, the processing mode can adopt various modes such as grinding, cutting and padding, the air gap magnetic flux characteristic modification value after coefficient correction is as small as possible as a target, the adjustment scheme of the rotor magnetic poles is formulated, and finite element simulation analysis is carried out.
Comparing the air gap magnetic flux characteristic values of the reconstruction scheme and the original scheme, namely comparing the air gap magnetic flux characteristic modified values and the air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured values after the reconstruction scheme is more, judging whether effective attenuation is achieved, and if the attenuation effect can reach more than 80%, considering that the reconstruction has a better effect. If the effect is not ideal, the modification scheme is continuously modified and recalculated until the effect is satisfied, as shown in FIG. 3, the vibration can be effectively weakened by the method of the invention, and the weakening effect also reaches more than 80%.
The invention provides a method for weakening low-frequency electromagnetic vibration of a hydraulic generator based on an air gap magnetic flux distribution characteristic value by starting from a mechanism of low-frequency electromagnetic vibration generation and utilizing the corresponding relation between the electromagnetic vibration and magnetic density harmonic waves.
The invention can fully consider the comprehensive influence caused by the dispersion of processing, materials, assembly, dynamic deformation and the like based on the air gap magnetic flux distribution characteristic value, is more reasonable and feasible compared with a method only adopting a single air gap characteristic value, has very strong engineering practical value, and has better effect on the expected difficult vibration problem which is not solved by multiple treatments.
The invention establishes an electromagnetic finite element model considering the dynamic appearance distribution of a rotor and provides a correction method of the model. The correction makes the model more realistic. Scheme making based on the correction model has better precision and improvement effect, and can also better predict implementation effect.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for weakening low-frequency vibration of a stator of a hydraulic generator is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
performing discrete Fourier transform on the magnetic flux distribution of each stage to obtain an air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value;
according to the dynamic appearance data of the rotor, carrying out finite element modeling on an electromagnetic field of the whole machine, and solving a calculated value of air gap magnetic flux characteristics;
obtaining a correction coefficient according to the measured air gap magnetic flux characteristic value and the calculated air gap magnetic flux characteristic value;
modifying the finite element model of the electromagnetic field of the whole machine according to the correction coefficient;
according to the modified finite element model of the complete machine electromagnetic field, solving a modified value of the air gap magnetic flux characteristic;
comparing the air gap magnetic flux characteristic modification value with the air gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value to obtain a weakening value;
if the weakening value does not meet the requirement, an improvement scheme is provided, and the finite element model of the electromagnetic field of the complete machine is modified again until the weakening value meets the requirement.
2. A method of attenuating low frequency vibration of a hydro-generator stator according to claim 1, wherein: and obtaining a correction coefficient, and applying the correction coefficient to the finite element model.
3. A method of attenuating low frequency vibration of a hydro-generator stator according to claim 2, wherein: the improvement scheme is as follows: by machining the poles in different sizes.
4. A method for weakening low-frequency vibration of a stator of a hydraulic generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the acquired magnetic flux distribution data of each stage are respectively averaged and numbered, so that the magnetic flux distribution data can be obtained:
b(1)，b(2)，…，b(N)，
wherein N is the total number of magnetic poles;
discrete Fourier transform is carried out on the average value of each stage of magnetic flux distribution data, and the following can be obtained:
in the formula: n is the total number of magnetic poles, N is the number of the magnetic poles, b (N) is the mean value of magnetic flux corresponding to the magnetic pole N, B (k) is the complex component of the k-th harmonic wave obtained by FFT, and e is the natural logarithm.
5. A method of attenuating low frequency vibration of a hydro-generator stator according to claim 4 wherein: the air-gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value bm (k) is the air-gap magnetic flux characteristic measured value, and Mod (b (k)) is the amplitude of b (k).
6. A method for weakening low-frequency vibration of a stator of a hydraulic generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 5, wherein: correction factor
In the formula Bmeas(i) Is the measured magnetic flux of the i-th pole, Bcalc(i) Is the finite element calculated flux density of the i (k) th pole.
7. A method of attenuating low frequency vibration of a hydro-generator stator according to claim 4 wherein: when the magnetic flux distribution data of each stage is collected, firstly, the induced potential waveform of the magnetic flux sensor is integrated to form magnetic flux of each pole, and when the eddy current sensor is in no-load, the voltage waveform corresponding to the eddy current pulse signal is integrated to form the magnetic flux distribution data of each stage.
8. A method of attenuating low frequency vibration of a hydro-generator stator as defined in claim 7 wherein: the magnetic flux sensor is arranged on the side surface of the air gap stator, a key photo is attached to the position of a rotor outgoing line corresponding to a generator rotor spindle, and the eddy current sensor is arranged at the position corresponding to the key photo.
9. A method of attenuating low frequency vibration of a hydro-generator stator according to claim 8 wherein: when the voltage waveform is formed, the eddy current voltage signal, other magnetic field signals and stator voltage signals need to be simultaneously connected into the waveform recorder, and then the generator is in no-load operation.
10. A method for attenuating low-frequency vibration of a hydro-generator stator according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: the magnetic flux sensors are arranged in a plurality of numbers and are uniformly arranged at equal angles.
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