CN114044710A - Liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114044710A CN114044710A CN202111165676.2A CN202111165676A CN114044710A CN 114044710 A CN114044710 A CN 114044710A CN 202111165676 A CN202111165676 A CN 202111165676A CN 114044710 A CN114044710 A CN 114044710A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the liquid fertilizer comprises the following components: 25-35 parts of organic matter elements, 5-15 parts of microbial supplements, 2-5 parts of nutrient elements, 5-10 parts of zeolite, 2-5 parts of humate, 10-20 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-20 parts of trace elements, 10-20 parts of ethanol and 40-50 parts of water, wherein the liquid fertilizer contains a plurality of major elements and trace nutrient elements which are necessary for plants, fermenting on the basis of organic matter elements, adding nitrogen fertilizer, nutrient elements and trace elements to make the liquid fertilizer rich in various nutrient substances required by plant growth, adding zeolite and humate to improve soil structure, and a microbial supplement is added, so that the insoluble phosphorus source can be converted into a growth-promoting bacterium which can absorb and utilize phosphorus by plants, has important effects on improving the available phosphorus content of soil, relieving the saline-alkali stress damage of plants and improving saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquid fertilizer, in particular to a liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is also called saline soil, and comprises saline soil, alkaline earth and various salinized and alkalized soils, and the saline-alkali soil has the characteristics of low organic matter content, poor microbial activity, more salt content, high pH value, easy hardening and the like, so that the steps of increasing the organic matter content, improving the microbial activity and promoting the formation of aggregates are important steps for improving the saline-alkali soil. Under natural conditions, saline-alkali components in soil are difficult to transfer, upward migration of the saline-alkali components is inhibited through certain agronomic measures, aggregate formation is promoted, the method is an important way for improving the saline-alkali soil, and soil organic matters and microbial activity are main factors influencing the formation of the soil aggregate.
Saline-alkali soil is distributed in arid and semiarid regions and few coastal regions in the inland of north China, northeast China and northwest China. The large distribution area, wide range and low land utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil in China are one of the important factors for restricting the sustainable development of local agriculture and economic society. The improvement of the saline-alkali soil by adopting scientific and technological means is an important measure for recovering a degraded ecosystem, improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and guaranteeing the ecological safety.
At present, chemical fertilizers are commonly used in agricultural production in China. Although the increased application of the fertilizer plays an important role in the development of agricultural production, the fertilizer application cost is increased along with the increase of the application amount of the fertilizer, soil hardening is caused, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced, and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil, a preparation method and application thereof.
The liquid fertilizer contains a plurality of major elements and trace elements necessary for plants, is fermented on the basis of organic matter elements, and is added with nitrogen fertilizer, nutrient elements and trace elements, so that the liquid fertilizer is rich in a plurality of nutrient substances required by plant growth, humate can provide stress resistance of crops, and seed germination is promoted, and the root system of the plants is developed; the amino acid can induce the defense capability and enzyme activity of crops; meanwhile, zeolite and humate are added, the soil structure is effectively improved, and a microbial supplement is added, so that an insoluble phosphorus source can be converted into a growth-promoting bacterium which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, the growth-promoting bacterium has important effects on improving the effective phosphorus content of soil, relieving the saline-alkali stress damage of plants and improving saline-alkali soil, and the microbial supplement is applied in a matched manner with industrial byproducts to improve the saline-alkali soil, so that the yield of crops can be improved, and the microbial supplement has the advantages of high efficiency, economy, energy conservation and no pollution to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil is characterized by consisting of organic matter elements, a nitrogen fertilizer, a microbial supplement, humate and trace elements, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of organic matter elements, 5-15 parts of microbial supplements, 2-5 parts of nutrient elements, 5-10 parts of zeolite, 2-5 parts of humate, 10-20 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-10 parts of trace elements, 10-20 parts of ethanol and 40-50 parts of water.
Further, the microbial supplement: zeolite: the ratio of humic acid is 8: 5: 2.
further, the organic matter elements comprise seaweed, corn, fish protein protoplasm and bean pulp.
Furthermore, the microbial supplement is prepared by mixing 10-30% of saline-alkali tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 20-40% of photosynthetic bacteria, 5-20% of bacillus subtilis and 20-40% of pseudomonas according to the mass ratio.
Further, the trace elements include zinc, manganese, magnesium, iron, calcium, and silicon.
Further, the humate comprises potassium fulvate, and the humic acid preparation raw materials are peat, lignite and weathered coal.
Furthermore, the nutrient elements are vitamins and amino acids.
The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a fermentation liquid: mixing organic elements, adding lyase, fermenting for 24-30 hr, filtering, collecting filtrate, dissolving microelements in the filtrate, and dissolving to obtain fermentation broth;
(2) adding nutrient elements: mixing the filter residue with nutrient elements according to the mass ratio of the prescription, heating and performing microwave treatment, uniformly stirring, filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate, and mixing with the fermentation liquor;
(3) preparing a liquid fertilizer: boiling and cooling the fermentation liquor obtained after the fermentation of the organic matter elements, adding the liquid nitrogen fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the trace elements, the ethanol and the water according to the prescription amount, heating to dissolve the liquid nitrogen fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the trace elements, the ethanol and the water, and adding the zeolite and the humate according to the prescription amount.
Further, the decomposition enzyme is a mixture of two or more of cellulase, aspartic protease and amylase.
Further, the nutrient elements are arginine: tryptophan: VD: VB 1: folic acid content (0.3-0.4): 1: (0.9-1.0): (0.1-0.3): (0.2-0.4) by mass ratio.
The application method of the liquid fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the steps of drip irrigation and flushing application; the liquid fertilizer is diluted by 50-80 times for drip irrigation and water flushing, and the liquid fertilizer is used along with the drip irrigation or water flushing, the growth season is 1-2 times, and the using amount is 5-10L/time/mu.
Examples
Example 1
A liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials by weight: 5kg of seaweed, 5kg of corn, 12kg of fish protein protoplasm, 3kg of bean pulp, 0.5kg of saline-alkali-resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 2kg of photosynthetic bacteria, 1kg of bacillus subtilis, 1.5kg of pseudomonas, 5kg of nutrient elements, 5kg of zeolite, 2kg of humate, 20kg of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 5kg of monopotassium phosphate, 2kg of trace elements, 10kg of ethanol and 50kg of water. Wherein the nutrient elements consist of arginine: tryptophan: VD: VB 1: folic acid was measured at 0.4: 1: 0.9: 0.1: 0.4 by mass ratio.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing organic elements, adding aspartic protease and amylase, fermenting for 24h, filtering, collecting filtrate, dissolving microelements in the filtrate, and obtaining fermentation liquor; mixing the filter residue with nutrient elements according to the mass ratio of the prescription, heating and performing microwave treatment, uniformly stirring, filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate, and mixing with the fermentation liquor; boiling and cooling the fermentation liquor obtained after the fermentation of the organic matter elements, adding the weighed liquid nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, trace elements, ethanol and water, heating to dissolve the liquid nitrogen fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the trace elements, the ethanol and the water, and adding the zeolite and the humate according to the prescription amount.
Example 2
A liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials by weight: 5kg of seaweed, 10kg of corn, 17kg of fish protein protoplasm, 3kg of bean pulp, 4.5kg of saline-alkali-resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 3kg of photosynthetic bacteria, 1.5kg of bacillus subtilis, 6kg of pseudomonas, 5kg of nutrient elements, 10kg of zeolite, 5kg of humate, 10kg of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 10kg of monopotassium phosphate, 10kg of trace elements, 20kg of ethanol and 40kg of water. Wherein the nutrient elements are arginine: tryptophan: VD: VB 1: folic acid was measured at 0.3: 1: 1: 0.3: 0.4 by mass ratio.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing organic elements, adding aspartic protease and cellulase, fermenting for 30h, filtering, collecting filtrate, dissolving microelements in the filtrate, and obtaining fermentation liquor; mixing the filter residue with nutrient elements according to the mass ratio of the prescription, heating and performing microwave treatment, uniformly stirring, filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate, and mixing with the fermentation liquor; boiling and cooling the fermentation liquor obtained after the fermentation of the organic matter elements, adding the weighed liquid nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, trace elements, ethanol and water, heating to dissolve the liquid nitrogen fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the trace elements, the ethanol and the water, and adding the zeolite and the humate according to the prescription amount to obtain the fertilizer.
Example 3
A liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials by weight: 5kg of seaweed, 5kg of corn, 12kg of fish protein protoplasm, 3kg of bean pulp, 1.6kg of saline-alkali-resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 2.4kg of photosynthetic bacteria, 0.8kg of bacillus subtilis, 3.2kg of pseudomonas, 5kg of nutrient elements, 5kg of zeolite, 2kg of humate, 20kg of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 5kg of monopotassium phosphate, 2kg of trace elements, 10kg of ethanol and 50kg of water. Wherein the nutrient elements consist of arginine: tryptophan: VD: VB 1: folic acid was measured at 0.4: 1: 0.9: 0.1: 0.4 by mass ratio.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing organic elements, adding aspartic protease and amylase, fermenting for 24h, filtering, collecting filtrate, dissolving microelements in the filtrate, and obtaining fermentation liquor; mixing the filter residue with nutrient elements according to the mass ratio of the prescription, heating and performing microwave treatment, uniformly stirring, filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate, and mixing with the fermentation liquor; boiling and cooling the fermentation liquor obtained after the fermentation of the organic matter elements, adding the weighed liquid nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, trace elements, ethanol and water, heating to dissolve the liquid nitrogen fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the trace elements, the ethanol and the water, and adding the zeolite and the humate according to the prescription amount.
Example 4
A liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials by weight: 5kg of seaweed, 10kg of corn, 17kg of fish protein protoplasm, 3kg of bean pulp, 1.6kg of saline-alkali-resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 2.4kg of photosynthetic bacteria, 0.8kg of bacillus subtilis, 3.2kg of pseudomonas, 5kg of nutrient elements, 10kg of zeolite, 5kg of humate, 10kg of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 10kg of monopotassium phosphate, 10kg of trace elements, 20kg of ethanol and 40kg of water. Wherein the nutrient elements are arginine: tryptophan: VD: VB 1: folic acid was measured at 0.3: 1: 1: 0.3: 0.4 by mass ratio.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing organic elements, adding aspartic protease and cellulase, fermenting for 30h, filtering, collecting filtrate, dissolving microelements in the filtrate, and obtaining fermentation liquor; mixing the filter residue with nutrient elements according to the mass ratio of the prescription, heating and performing microwave treatment, uniformly stirring, filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate, and mixing with the fermentation liquor; boiling and cooling the fermentation liquor obtained after the fermentation of the organic matter elements, adding the weighed liquid nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, trace elements, ethanol and water, heating to dissolve the liquid nitrogen fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the trace elements, the ethanol and the water, and adding the zeolite and the humate according to the prescription amount to obtain the fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
Same as example 1, but without the addition of zeolite, the other same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
Same as example 1, but without addition of humate, the other same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
The same as example 1, but without the addition of microbial supplements, the other examples were identical to example 1.
Soil improvement effect
Example 5
Saline-alkali soil samples are divided into a control group (original soil sample) and examples 1-4 groups (liquid fertilizer soil samples obtained in examples 1-4 are added) and are respectively arranged in corresponding organic glass tubes, the thickness of the samples is 30cm, all the soil columns are tested in a drip irrigation mode by simulating natural rainfall conditions, the irrigation amount is the rainfall amount (required to be wetted in advance and based on the original soil moisture content) for irrigating for 1 month every 7 days by simulating natural rainfall, and when the leaching solution in the water storage area at the lower end of each soil column is accumulated to a certain volume, the leaching solution is drained out through a silica gel tube for testing. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil is represented by measuring the distance of the water line moving downwards in unit time after the soil column starts to drip irrigation, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil is represented by measuring the volume of leacheate collected in unit time after the soil in the soil column is saturated. The pH and conductivity of all leachates and the soil aggregate structure in the soil column were determined.
In the control group, the pH value of the leacheate continuously increased and was generally higher than 8.1 within 30 days after the leaching test, and reached a peak value of 9.5 at about 30 days, and then slowly decreased. The pH of the groups of examples 1-4 also increased to 8.2 during the first 5 days after the start of the experiment, but then gradually stabilized to a value between 7.5 and 8.5, with the maximum pH of the leacheate being much lower than the pH of the leacheate of the control group. The conductivity of the leacheate of the control group is obviously lower than that of the leacheate of the control group in the comparison examples 1-4, the reduction speed is slower, and the conductivity of the leacheate of the fertilization group is continuously reduced within the first 6d of the experiment, because the granular structure of the soil is improved and the hydraulic conductivity is increased after the saline-alkali soil is doped into the liquid fertilizer, so that ions in the soil are more easily dissolved in water and are quickly discharged along with water flow.
The soil particles of the control group form large hardened soil after meeting water, and the porosity is low; in the groups of examples 1-4, it is evident that the soil particles begin to agglomerate, less soil is present in the hardened mass, and voids of varying sizes are present between the granules.
Example 6
The liquid fertilizer prepared in the examples 1 to 4 and the fertilizer prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 3 are tested and verified in the soybean planting base community: the tested variety is a common soybean variety; the experimental field is flat in terrain, uniform in fertility and convenient to drain and irrigate water; the test adopts a random block design, 4 examples and 3 comparative examples are designed, and one group of the fertilizers is not fertilized as a blank control, the fertilizing amount of all treatments is consistent with the local fertilization habit, the yield increasing effect of the fertilizers prepared in the examples 1-4 on soybeans is obvious, and the soil hardening condition after 1 year is better than that of the comparative group and the comparative group.
As can be seen from the results, the soybean yield increasing effects of the groups of examples 1 to 4 are better than those of the groups of comparative examples 1 to 3 and the blank group, wherein the yield increasing effects of the groups of examples 3 and 4 are remarkable, while the yield increasing effects of the groups of examples 3 and 1 are remarkable; the formula and the preparation method of the liquid fertilizer are consistent except that the proportions of the microbial supplement, the zeolite and the humate are different in example 4 and example 2, and the results show that the liquid fertilizer has the best yield increasing effect under the proportion, the yield increasing effect and the soil hardening condition improving effect are the worst in comparative example 1, the addition of the zeolite plays a synergistic effect, the fertility of the liquid fertilizer can be greatly increased, the soil condition can be improved, and the overall effects of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are slightly reduced compared with those of the example 1. It is demonstrated that the addition of zeolite has synergistic effect on saline-alkali tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria, probably because the zeolite can replace metal ions in saline-alkali soil, strengthen the effect of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria and increase the effect of related microorganisms in microbial supplement, and the microbial supplement and the phosphate solubilizing bacteria have less mutual influence, but when the ratio is microbial supplement: zeolite: humic acid 8: 5: 2, the effect is optimal, the crop yield can be greatly increased, and the soil is obviously improved.
Example 7
The fertilizer prepared from the liquid fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 1 is tested and verified in a soybean planting base community: the tested variety is a common soybean variety; the experimental field is flat in terrain, uniform in fertility and convenient to drain and irrigate water; the test adopts a random block design, and the fertilization mode is as follows: the effects of drip irrigation, flushing application and spraying are compared.
The results show that the liquid fertilizer has the best effect on soil improvement when being subjected to drop irrigation and spraying, the drop irrigation and the spraying have no significant difference on the increase of the crop yield, and the effect of the application is slightly higher than that of the two, but the difference is not significant. Therefore, the liquid fertilizer is suitable for fertilization in a drip irrigation and spraying mode, the yield is highest, and no negative influence is caused on crops and soil.
Therefore, the added zeolite, microbial flora and humate can well relieve soil hardening and salinization, and the added organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, trace elements, vitamins and amino acid can provide nutrients required by crops and increase the yield, so that the aim of the invention is fulfilled.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The liquid fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil is characterized by consisting of organic matter elements, a nitrogen fertilizer, a microbial supplement, humate and trace elements, and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of organic matter elements, 5-15 parts of microbial supplements, 2-5 parts of nutrient elements, 5-10 parts of zeolite, 2-5 parts of humate, 10-20 parts of liquid nitrogen fertilizer, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-10 parts of trace elements, 10-20 parts of ethanol and 40-50 parts of water.
2. The liquid fertilizer applicable to saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial supplement: zeolite: the ratio of humic acid is 8: 5: 2, the microbial supplement is prepared by mixing 10-30% of saline-alkali tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 20-40% of photosynthetic bacteria, 5-20% of bacillus subtilis and 20-40% of pseudomonas according to the mass ratio.
3. The liquid fertilizer applicable to saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic elements comprise seaweed, corn, fish protein puree and bean pulp.
4. The liquid fertilizer applicable to saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the trace elements comprise zinc, manganese, magnesium, iron, calcium and silicon.
5. The liquid fertilizer applicable to saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the humic acid salt comprises potassium fulvate, and the humic acid preparation raw material is peat, lignite and weathered coal.
6. The liquid fertilizer applicable to saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient elements are vitamins and amino acids.
7. The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a fermentation liquid: mixing organic elements, adding lyase, fermenting for 24-30 hr, filtering, collecting filtrate, dissolving microelements in the filtrate, and dissolving to obtain fermentation broth;
adding nutrient elements: mixing the filter residue with nutrient elements according to the mass ratio of the prescription, heating and performing microwave treatment, uniformly stirring, filtering to obtain a secondary filtrate, and mixing with the fermentation liquor;
preparing a liquid fertilizer: boiling and cooling the fermentation liquor obtained after the fermentation of the organic matter elements, adding the liquid nitrogen fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the trace elements, the ethanol and the alcohol according to the prescription amount, heating to dissolve the liquid nitrogen fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the trace elements and the ethanol, and adding the zeolite and the humate according to the prescription amount.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the decomposition enzyme is a mixture of two or more of cellulase, aspartic protease and amylase.
9. The method for preparing the liquid fertilizer applicable to the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the nutrient elements are arginine: tryptophan: VD: VB 1: folic acid content (0.3-0.4): 1: (0.9-1.0): (0.1-0.3): (0.2-0.4) by mass ratio.
10. The application method of the liquid fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the steps of drip irrigation and flushing application; the liquid fertilizer is diluted by 50-80 times for drip irrigation and water flushing, and the liquid fertilizer is used along with the drip irrigation or water flushing, the growth season is 1-2 times, and the using amount is 5-10L/time/mu.
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