CN114029319A - Treatment method for full resource utilization of municipal wet garbage - Google Patents
Treatment method for full resource utilization of municipal wet garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN114029319A CN114029319A CN202111203037.0A CN202111203037A CN114029319A CN 114029319 A CN114029319 A CN 114029319A CN 202111203037 A CN202111203037 A CN 202111203037A CN 114029319 A CN114029319 A CN 114029319A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention relates to a treatment method for full resource utilization of municipal wet garbage, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating municipal wet garbage to prepare slurry, and performing anaerobic fermentation to generate a biogas and fermentation mixture; (2) dehydrating the obtained fermentation mixture to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residues, wherein the biogas residues are dried and then pyrolyzed and carbonized to obtain biochar and pyrolysis byproducts, one part of the biogas slurry is refluxed into the slurry obtained in the step (1), and the rest part of the biogas slurry is concentrated and used as an organic fertilizer for resource utilization. Compared with the prior art, the method can realize resource utilization of all products after anaerobic fermentation of the wet garbage, ensure self-sufficiency of heat in the system and improve the carbon fixation and emission reduction benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste environment protection, and relates to a treatment method for full resource utilization of municipal wet garbage.
Background
In recent years, with the gradual implementation of garbage classification in all parts of the country, the treatment demand of wet garbage treatment is more urgent, and wet garbage in Shanghai city is defined as kitchen garbage, kitchen garbage and fruit and vegetable waste residue in Jimao market (namely municipal wet garbage), and is mainly all degradable organic wastes generated in daily life of urban residents.
At present, a plurality of biogas engineering projects taking kitchen waste or kitchen waste as raw materials are built in China, wet waste can generate biogas after anaerobic fermentation, and the biogas can be generated to be on line and also can directly supply heat. However, a large amount of biogas residues still remain after solid-liquid separation of the fermented product, and the conventional biogas residues are mainly treated in the following ways: (1) the method is suitable for projects with nearby incineration plants, the generated biogas residues are directly incinerated, but the resource utilization is not realized in the path, and high treatment cost is faced; (2) the fermented compost is suitable for the raw materials of agricultural organic wastes, the related standard for preparing a biological organic fertilizer by taking wet garbage as the raw material does not exist at present, and the agricultural department considers the safety of grains and food and temporarily does not allow the organic fertilizer produced by taking kitchen garbage and kitchen garbage as the raw materials to be returned to the field; (3) the insect breeding method can effectively utilize high-protein substances in organic wastes, but still has practical problems of long process chain, high breeding risk and the like. Therefore, the terminal recycling approach of the municipal wet waste is greatly limited, and the full recycling of the wet waste becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
In addition, the resource utilization of the biogas slurry also faces the same problem, on one hand, the biogas slurry yield is large, enough land can be consumed, and the land fertilization is seasonal; on the other hand, when the nutrient substances in the biogas slurry are taken as pollutants to be removed, the resource utilization possibility of the nutrient substances is greatly reduced. Therefore, the resource utilization of biogas slurry must be taken into account in the whole process. The concentrated biogas slurry is compounded into the organic fertilizer, so that liquid-phase organic matters can be fully utilized, the volume is greatly reduced, and the transportation cost is also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a treatment method for full resource utilization of municipal wet garbage.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a treatment method for the full resource utilization of municipal wet garbage comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating municipal wet garbage to prepare slurry, and performing anaerobic fermentation to generate a biogas and fermentation mixture;
(2) dehydrating the obtained fermentation mixture to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residues, wherein the biogas residues are dried and then pyrolyzed and carbonized to obtain biochar and pyrolysis byproducts, one part of the biogas slurry is refluxed into the slurry obtained in the step (1), and the rest part of the biogas slurry is concentrated and used as an organic fertilizer for resource utilization.
Further, the pretreatment process comprises sorting, impurity removal and pulping.
Furthermore, dry anaerobic fermentation is adopted in the anaerobic fermentation, and in the process, inoculated sludge and biochar are also added.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the inoculation sludge is 15-35% of the volume of the wet garbage slurry.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the biochar is 10-15 g/L.
Furthermore, in the anaerobic fermentation process, the water content of all materials in the reactor is adjusted to 70-85% through the reflowed biogas slurry.
Furthermore, the temperature of anaerobic fermentation is 33-35 ℃, and the time is 20-25 d.
Furthermore, a part of the biogas obtained in the step (1) provides heat for the whole treatment process through heat supply equipment, and the rest part of the biogas is supplied with power through power generation equipment, is networked or is purified into biogas and then is merged into a natural gas pipe network.
Further, the biogas residue drying process specifically comprises the following steps: and drying at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ until the water content is reduced to more than 30%.
Further, the pyrolysis carbonization process specifically comprises: treating at 350-650 ℃ for 2-3 h, wherein the whole process is carried out under the condition of isolating oxygen. In addition, the heating rate is preferably controlled to be 10-30 ℃/min. Cooling to below 40 deg.C after the charcoal is prepared, pulverizing and sieving.
Further, the pyrolysis by-products are tar and pyrolysis gas, the tar and the pyrolysis gas are conveyed to a combustion chamber to be combusted, and heat is generated and is supplied back to the biogas residue drying and pyrolysis carbonization stage.
Further, the biogas slurry is sent into a forward osmosis membrane concentration system for treatment, wherein the forward osmosis membrane concentration system consists of an FO membrane subsystem and an RO membrane subsystem, the FO membrane subsystem is used for concentrating the biogas slurry by using a drawing liquid, the RO membrane subsystem is used for concentrating the diluted drawing liquid, the concentrated drawing liquid returns to the FO membrane subsystem, and the generated water is recycled after reaching the reuse water standard.
Furthermore, in the FO membrane subsystem, the working draw solution is a sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 6% -9%, and the FO membrane is made of an acetate fiber membrane.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the biogas residues of the municipal wet garbage are converted into a biochar raw material with more economic value through pyrolysis, so that the increase of carbon emission due to direct incineration is avoided, carbon sequestration is effectively realized, and a better environmental effect is achieved;
(2) the biochar is reused in the anaerobic digestion process, which is beneficial to improving the biogas yield and maintaining the stability of an anaerobic reaction system;
(3) the by-products and partial biogas generated by pyrolysis can be used for system heat supply, so that the whole process system can be self-sufficient in energy and does not need additional energy supply;
(4) the biogas slurry treatment is changed from harmless treatment to resource treatment, and the biogas slurry is compounded into an organic fertilizer after concentration and decrement, so that liquid-phase organic matters can be fully utilized, and waste is changed into valuable;
(5) the utilization mode and the process route of the total recycling of the wet garbage are realized, the generated methane, the methane liquid and the methane slag can be effectively recycled, and the carbon fixation and emission reduction benefits are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a forward osmosis system for biogas slurry concentration according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In order to realize the high-efficiency treatment of the municipal wet garbage, the invention provides a treatment method for the full resource utilization of the municipal wet garbage, the process route of which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating municipal wet garbage to prepare slurry, and performing anaerobic fermentation to generate a biogas and fermentation mixture;
(2) dehydrating the obtained fermentation mixture to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residues, wherein the biogas residues are dried and then pyrolyzed and carbonized to obtain biochar and pyrolysis byproducts, one part of the biogas slurry is refluxed into the slurry obtained in the step (1), and the rest part of the biogas slurry is concentrated and used as an organic fertilizer for resource utilization.
In some specific embodiments, the conventional pretreatment process includes sorting, crushing and pulping, the sorting process is used to separate various inorganic impurities, such as metals, plastic bags, etc., from the wet garbage raw material, the crushing process crushes organic component particles with different sizes to different degrees, and the pulping process further regulates the water content and other components of the raw material under the pulping action, so as to homogenize the material.
In some specific embodiments, the anaerobic fermentation is dry anaerobic fermentation, and in the process, inoculation sludge and biochar are also added. Furthermore, the adding amount of the inoculation sludge is 15-35% of the volume of the wet garbage slurry; the adding amount of the biochar is 10-15 g/L (calculated by the volume of the wet garbage slurry); in the anaerobic fermentation process, the water content of all materials in the reactor is adjusted to 70-85% through the refluxed biogas slurry.
In some specific embodiments, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 33-35 ℃ and the time is 20-25 days.
In some specific embodiments, a part of the biogas obtained in step (1) provides heat for the whole treatment process through a heat supply device, and the rest part of the biogas is supplied with power by a power generation device to be networked or purified into biogas and then is merged into a natural gas pipe network.
In some specific embodiments, the biogas residue drying process specifically comprises: and drying at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ until the water content is reduced to more than 30%.
In some embodiments, the pyrolysis carbonization process is specifically: treating at 350-650 ℃ for 2-3 h, wherein the whole process is carried out under the condition of isolating oxygen. In addition, the heating rate is preferably controlled to be 10-30 ℃/min. Cooling to below 40 deg.C after the charcoal is prepared, pulverizing and sieving. And (3) sending a part of the biochar obtained in the pyrolysis carbonization process to the anaerobic fermentation process in the step (1) for recycling, and outputting the rest part of the biochar to be prepared into other high-value products such as carbon-based fertilizers, soil restoration agents, fillers and the like according to requirements.
In some specific embodiments, the pyrolysis by-products are tar and pyrolysis gas, and the tar and the pyrolysis gas are sent to a combustion chamber for combustion to generate heat to be supplied back to the biogas residue drying and pyrolysis carbonization stage.
In some specific embodiments, the biogas slurry is fed into a forward osmosis membrane concentration system for treatment (see fig. 2), wherein the forward osmosis membrane concentration system is composed of an FO membrane subsystem (i.e., a forward osmosis membrane module) and an RO membrane subsystem (i.e., a reverse osmosis membrane module), the FO membrane subsystem is used for concentrating the biogas slurry by using concentrated draw solution, the RO membrane subsystem is used for concentrating the diluted draw solution, the concentrated draw solution after concentration treatment is returned to the FO membrane subsystem, and the produced water is recycled after reaching the reuse water standard.
Furthermore, in the FO membrane subsystem, the working draw solution is a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 6% -9%, and the FO membrane is made of an acetate fiber membrane.
In the above embodiments, any one may be implemented alone, or any two or more may be implemented in combination.
The above embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples.
In the following examples, municipal waste is from kitchen waste collected in part of villages and towns in Shanghai Chongming district, and inoculated sludge is sludge from certain agricultural waste biogas engineering in Chongming.
Otherwise, unless otherwise specified, all the conventional commercial raw materials or conventional processing techniques are used in the art.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, municipal wet garbage is used as a raw material, and all products subjected to anaerobic fermentation realize full resource utilization, and the system comprises the following steps:
anaerobic fermentation of kitchen garbage: the method comprises the steps of pretreating kitchen garbage to complete sorting, impurity removal and pulping, adding inoculated sludge according to 25%, adding biochar according to 15g/L, adjusting the water content of materials to 80% by biogas slurry backflow, performing medium-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 35 ℃ for 25d, generating biogas and a fermentation mixture after the anaerobic fermentation, wherein one part of the biogas provides heat for the whole system through heat supply equipment, and the rest supplies power to the Internet through a power generation system;
preparing biochar from biogas residues: and (3) dehydrating the fermentation mixture to obtain a solid phase which is biogas residue, drying at 120-150 ℃, reducing the water content to below 30% after drying, and isolating oxygen at 350-650 ℃ to carry out slow pyrolysis, wherein the heating rate is 10-30 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis time is 2-3 h. Cooling the biochar to below 40 ℃, crushing and screening to obtain finished carbon. And (3) subpackaging and compounding the biochar finished products, wherein part of the finished products are recycled for the anaerobic methane production reactor, and the rest of the finished products can be prepared into other high-value products such as carbon-based fertilizer, soil remediation agent, filler and the like according to requirements. The tar and pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization process are introduced into the combustion chamber through the connecting device, and oxygen is introduced for combustion and is fed back to the drying and carbonization stages through the heat exchanger and the heat conducting system.
Concentrating and recycling biogas slurry: part of the biogas slurry flows back to the anaerobic reactor to adjust the water content of the material, the rest of the biogas slurry adopts a forward osmosis membrane concentration system and consists of an FO membrane system and an RO membrane system, the biogas slurry is concentrated by drawing liquid in the FO system, the concentration of the drawing liquid sodium chloride is 7%, the recovery rate can be realized to be more than 75%, the FO membrane is made of acetate fiber membranes, the diluted drawing liquid is concentrated through the RO system, the concentrated drawing liquid returns to the FO system to concentrate the biogas slurry, and the produced water reaches the reuse water standard and can be used for production reuse or greening reuse.
The research shows that the adding of the biochar can obviously shorten the lag phase of methane production, improve the maximum specific methane production rate, improve the methane yield by about 15-30%, simultaneously has the effect of reducing the accumulation concentration of volatile fatty acid at the early stage of methane production, and accelerates the VFA interoperable oxidation process.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A treatment method for the full resource utilization of municipal wet garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating municipal wet garbage to prepare slurry, and performing anaerobic fermentation to generate a biogas and fermentation mixture;
(2) dehydrating the obtained fermentation mixture to obtain biogas slurry and biogas residues, wherein the biogas residues are dried and then pyrolyzed and carbonized to obtain biochar and pyrolysis byproducts, one part of the biogas slurry is refluxed into the slurry obtained in the step (1), and the rest part of the biogas slurry is concentrated and used as an organic fertilizer for resource utilization.
2. The method for treating the municipal wet waste through full resource utilization according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment process comprises sorting, impurity removal and pulping.
3. The treatment method for the full resource utilization of the municipal wet waste according to claim 1, characterized in that in the anaerobic fermentation process, inoculated sludge and biochar are also added.
4. The method for treating the municipal wet waste through full resource utilization according to claim 3, wherein the inoculation sludge is added in an amount of 15-35% of the volume of the slurry;
the adding amount of the biochar is 10-15 g/L;
in the anaerobic fermentation process, the water content of all materials in the reactor is adjusted to 70-85% through the refluxed biogas slurry.
5. The treatment method for the full resource utilization of the municipal wet waste according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 33-35 ℃ and the time is 20-25 days.
6. The treatment method for the full resource utilization of the municipal wet waste according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the biogas obtained in the step (1) is supplied with heat for the whole treatment process by a heat supply device, and the rest is supplied with power by a power generation device to be networked or purified into biogas and then is merged into a natural gas pipe network.
7. The treatment method for the full resource utilization of the municipal wet waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the biogas residue drying process specifically comprises: drying at 120-150 ℃ until the water content is reduced to more than 30%;
the pyrolysis carbonization process specifically comprises the following steps: treating at 350-650 ℃ for 2-3 h.
8. The treatment method for the full resource utilization of the municipal wet garbage according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis by-products are tar and pyrolysis gas, the tar and the pyrolysis gas are sent to a combustion chamber for combustion, and heat is generated and supplied back to the biogas residue drying and pyrolysis carbonization stage.
9. The treatment method for the full-scale resource utilization of the municipal wet garbage according to claim 1, characterized in that the biogas slurry is fed into a forward osmosis membrane concentration system for treatment, wherein the forward osmosis membrane concentration system is composed of an FO membrane subsystem and an RO membrane subsystem, the FO membrane subsystem is used for concentrating the biogas slurry by using a drawing solution, the RO membrane subsystem is used for concentrating the diluted drawing solution, the concentrated drawing solution is returned to the FO membrane subsystem, and the produced water is recycled after reaching a reuse water standard.
10. The treatment method for the full resource utilization of the municipal wet waste according to claim 9, characterized in that the working draw solution in the FO membrane subsystem is a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 6% -9%, and the FO membrane used is an acetate membrane.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115090262A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-23 | 湖南仁和环保科技有限公司 | Cerium phosphate modified biogas residue biochar and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115231972A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-25 | 中节能工程技术研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste through anaerobic fermentation |
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