CN205687770U - A kind of mud and the processing means of changing food waste - Google Patents
A kind of mud and the processing means of changing food waste Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/20—Sludge processing
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，该装置利用餐厨垃圾与污泥为主要原料，分离出餐厨垃圾中的废油脂作为生产燃料或生物塑料的原料；发酵产生的以甲烷为主的生物燃气作为燃料外供；热解产生的生物炭吸收沼液中的养份后，作为生物炭肥料。本实用新型所述的污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，适应我国目前日益紧迫的污泥和餐厨垃圾处理处置需求，有效解决了两者各自单独处理处置所存在的问题，而且实现副产物分类高值化利用，低碳、高效、清洁地利用各项副产物，达到物尽其用、节能环保、降低成本的目标，具有良好的经济效益与环境效益。
The utility model relates to a treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste. The device uses kitchen waste and sludge as main raw materials, and separates the waste oil in the kitchen waste as a raw material for producing fuel or bioplastics; The biogas mainly composed of methane is supplied as fuel; the biochar produced by pyrolysis absorbs the nutrients in the biogas slurry and is used as biochar fertilizer. The treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste described in the utility model adapts to the increasingly urgent demand for treatment and disposal of sludge and kitchen waste in my country, effectively solves the problems existing in the separate treatment and disposal of the two, and realizes the production of by-products Classified high-value utilization, low-carbon, high-efficiency, and clean utilization of various by-products, to achieve the goal of making the best use of everything, saving energy and environmental protection, and reducing costs, with good economic and environmental benefits.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及餐厨垃圾与污泥资源综合利用领域，尤其是一种污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置。The utility model relates to the field of comprehensive utilization of kitchen garbage and sludge resources, in particular to a treatment device for sludge and kitchen garbage.
背景技术Background technique
随着城市污水处理厂规模和数量的不断扩大，我国的污泥发生量快速增加，预测每年将达到4000万吨（含水率80%计）。大量湿污泥随意外运、简单填埋或堆放（约占处置量的60%），致使许多城市“毒泥围城”，由此所带来的社会问题日益紧迫突出。由于填埋场地逐渐减少、而且因环境污染问题受到了周边居民的强烈反对，所以土地填埋只能作为短期调控措施。发达国家走过类似中国的发展阶段，设法低成本处理处置“污水污泥”，但最终明确了“资源化、能源化、全循环”为主导的未来污水污泥发展方向。其中，污泥厌氧消化方法不仅可以实现污泥的稳定化，而且还能产生生物燃气甲烷，从而能够实现污泥的资源化。然而，污水污泥有机质含量较低，单独厌氧消化普遍存在炭氮比（C/N）偏低、产气率低的问题。With the continuous expansion of the scale and number of urban sewage treatment plants, the amount of sludge generated in my country has increased rapidly, and it is predicted that it will reach 40 million tons per year (calculated with a moisture content of 80%). A large amount of wet sludge is randomly transported, simply landfilled or piled up (accounting for about 60% of the disposal volume), which has caused many cities to be "sieged by poisonous mud", and the social problems caused by this have become increasingly urgent. Landfilling can only be used as a short-term control measure due to the gradual reduction of landfill sites and strong opposition from surrounding residents due to environmental pollution. Developed countries have gone through a development stage similar to China, trying to treat and dispose of "sewage sludge" at low cost, but finally clarified the future development direction of sewage sludge dominated by "resource, energy, and full cycle". Among them, the sludge anaerobic digestion method can not only realize the stabilization of sludge, but also generate biogas methane, so as to realize the resource utilization of sludge. However, the organic matter content of sewage sludge is low, and there are generally problems of low carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and low gas production rate in anaerobic digestion alone.
另一方面，作为城市有机固体废弃物的一大来源，餐厨垃圾资源化利用受到高度重视。我国餐厨垃圾年产量约4000-5000万吨，每年以大概10%左右的速率增长。餐厨垃圾的基本理化特点是高水分（约80 - 85%）、高盐分和高有机质含量，极易腐烂变质，滋生病菌，同时还含氮、磷、钾、钙及各种微量元素。传统的餐厨垃圾处置方法有卫生填埋、排入下水道、作为动物饲料、混入垃圾中焚烧或有机堆肥。新兴的资源化利用技术包括厌氧发酵产沼气、制取生物柴油等，这也是国内外研究的热点和发展趋势。其中餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵因其能提供能源用气，成为公认的可持续发展技术和研究热点。餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产沼气国内外研究较多，但其厌氧发酵产沼气过程仍存在一些技术难点，例如水解速度太快导致pH值偏低、含氮量偏低，容易发生酸抑制和氨氮抑制现象，从而造成消化过程进行缓慢，甚至导致厌氧消化处理系统启动和运行失败，沼气中含甲烷率偏低。On the other hand, as a major source of urban organic solid waste, the resource utilization of food waste has been highly valued. The annual output of kitchen waste in my country is about 40-50 million tons, which is growing at a rate of about 10% every year. The basic physical and chemical characteristics of food waste are high moisture (about 80-85%), high salinity and high organic matter content. It is easy to rot and deteriorate, breeds bacteria, and also contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements. Traditional food waste disposal methods include sanitary landfill, discharge into the sewer, use as animal feed, mixed with garbage for incineration or organic composting. Emerging resource utilization technologies include anaerobic fermentation for biogas production and biodiesel production, which are also research hotspots and development trends at home and abroad. Among them, anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste has become a recognized sustainable development technology and research hotspot because it can provide energy and gas. There are many researches at home and abroad on anaerobic fermentation of food waste to produce biogas, but there are still some technical difficulties in the process of anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas, for example, the hydrolysis speed is too fast, which leads to low pH value and low nitrogen content, which is prone to acid inhibition and Ammonia nitrogen inhibits the phenomenon, which causes the digestion process to proceed slowly, and even leads to the failure of the start-up and operation of the anaerobic digestion treatment system, and the methane content in the biogas is low.
针对污泥和餐厨垃圾单独厌氧发酵的工艺局限性，有部分研究都提出将污泥和餐厨垃圾混合处置，以实现两者优势互补，有望解决上述问题。中国实用新型专利CN203451394U公开了一种城市污泥或餐厨沼渣密闭好氧制生物有机肥系统，包括农林废弃物收集仓、铡切装置、烘干装置、粉碎装置、储存罐、污泥或餐厨沼渣储存仓、搅拌混合装置、密闭卧式双层筒体好氧发酵罐、密闭卧式好氧发酵罐、粉碎筛分装置、均质储存仓、有机肥包装装置、供气装置和排气装置。该专利采用城市污泥或餐厨沼渣好氧堆肥，周期较长，占地面积大，无法完全消解污泥与沼渣中的抗生素等有机物，重金属固化效果一般。In view of the technological limitations of separate anaerobic fermentation of sludge and food waste, some studies have proposed to mix sludge and food waste to achieve the complementary advantages of the two, which is expected to solve the above problems. Chinese utility model patent CN203451394U discloses a closed aerobic bio-organic fertilizer system made from urban sludge or kitchen biogas residues, including agricultural and forestry waste collection bins, guillotine cutting devices, drying devices, crushing devices, storage tanks, sludge or Kitchen biogas residue storage bin, mixing device, closed horizontal double-layer cylinder aerobic fermentation tank, closed horizontal aerobic fermentation tank, crushing and screening device, homogeneous storage bin, organic fertilizer packaging device, gas supply device and Exhaust. This patent uses urban sludge or kitchen biogas aerobic composting, which takes a long period and occupies a large area. It cannot completely digest organic substances such as antibiotics in sludge and biogas residues, and the solidification effect of heavy metals is average.
综合分析国内外研究现状，目前餐厨垃圾与污泥混合处理主要集中于直接混合堆肥或混合发酵产气，存在资源化利用不充分、产气效率不高、容易产生二次污染、处置成本高、副产品附加值低等不足。因此，迫切需要开发新的餐厨垃圾与污泥协同处置技术，以实现其高附加值利用的目标。A comprehensive analysis of the research status at home and abroad shows that the mixed treatment of food waste and sludge is mainly focused on direct mixed composting or mixed fermentation to produce gas, which has insufficient resource utilization, low gas production efficiency, easy secondary pollution, and high disposal costs. , Low value-added by-products and other deficiencies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new co-processing technologies for food waste and sludge to achieve the goal of high value-added utilization.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型所要解决的问题是克服现有技术存在的不足，针对上述提到的污泥有机质含量较低，单独厌氧消化普遍存在碳氮比偏低、产气率低的问题，以及餐厨垃圾单独厌氧消化时碳氮比较高、水解速度太快导致pH值偏低、含氮量偏低、盐分高、容易发生酸抑制和氨氮抑制的问题，提供一种污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，克服了现有餐厨垃圾与污泥协同资源化利用过程的不足，将餐厨垃圾与污泥转化为生物燃气与生物炭肥料，实现餐厨垃圾与污泥协同资源化高效利用，低碳、高效、清洁地利用各项副产物，达到物尽其用、节能环保、降低成本的目标。The problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art. For the low organic matter content of the above-mentioned sludge, the common problems of low carbon-nitrogen ratio and low gas production rate in anaerobic digestion alone, and the When the garbage is digested separately by anaerobic digestion, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is high, and the hydrolysis speed is too fast, resulting in low pH value, low nitrogen content, high salt content, acid inhibition and ammonia nitrogen inhibition. It provides a sludge and kitchen waste combination The treatment device overcomes the shortcomings of the existing process of collaborative resource utilization of kitchen waste and sludge, transforms food waste and sludge into biogas and biochar fertilizer, and realizes the efficient utilization of food waste and sludge. Low-carbon, high-efficiency, and clean use of various by-products to achieve the goals of making the best use of everything, saving energy and environmental protection, and reducing costs.
本实用新型所述的污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，利用餐厨垃圾与污泥为主要原料，分离出餐厨垃圾中的废油脂作为生产燃料或生物塑料的原料；发酵产生的以甲烷为主的生物燃气作为燃料外供；热解产生的生物炭经吸收沼液中的养份后，作为生物炭肥料，充分实现了餐厨垃圾与污泥处置过程副产物的高值化利用。The treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste described in the utility model uses kitchen waste and sludge as main raw materials, and separates waste oil in kitchen waste as a raw material for producing fuel or bioplastics; The main biogas is supplied as fuel; the biochar produced by pyrolysis absorbs the nutrients in the biogas slurry and is used as a biochar fertilizer, fully realizing the high-value utilization of the by-products of the kitchen waste and sludge disposal process.
由于污泥有机质含量较低，单独厌氧消化普遍存在碳氮比偏低、产气率低的问题，而餐厨垃圾单独厌氧消化时碳氮比较高、水解速度太快导致pH值偏低、含氮量偏低、盐分高、容易发生酸抑制和氨氮抑制的问题，故本实用新型所述的污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，将污泥水热液与餐厨垃圾分离水相混合发酵，有利于互补污泥和餐厨垃圾单独厌氧消化时的缺点，有利于提高系统运行稳定性、有机物去除效果和产气效率，降低运行成本。Due to the low content of organic matter in sludge, there are generally problems of low carbon-nitrogen ratio and low gas production rate in anaerobic digestion alone, while the carbon-nitrogen ratio is high in anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste alone, and the hydrolysis rate is too fast, resulting in a low pH value. , low nitrogen content, high salinity, and the problems of acid inhibition and ammonia nitrogen inhibition are prone to occur. Therefore, the sludge and kitchen waste treatment device described in the utility model separates the sludge hydrothermal liquid from the kitchen waste into the water phase Mixed fermentation is beneficial to complement the shortcomings of sludge and kitchen waste in anaerobic digestion alone, which is conducive to improving system operation stability, organic matter removal effect and gas production efficiency, and reducing operating costs.
本实用新型所述的污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置中，污泥和餐厨垃圾水相混合共发酵产生物燃气还可以稀释挥发酸、氨氮、钠离子（Na＋）等抑制因子，为发酵过程提供良好的微生物生存和代谢环境。In the treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste described in the utility model, the sludge and kitchen waste are mixed and co-fermented in water to produce gas, which can also dilute the inhibitory factors such as volatile acid, ammonia nitrogen, and sodium ion (Na + ), which is The fermentation process provides a good environment for the survival and metabolism of microorganisms.
本实用新型所述的污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置充分利用发酵产生的沼渣中的盐离子，使其在与污泥水热固相混合干化过程中破坏污泥中的“粘胶相区”，使含水细胞进一步破壁，提高干燥效率，而且，添加沼渣还使热解生物炭中的碳元素含量均加，改善了生物炭孔隙结构，有机物得到分解，重金属等元素得到高效固化。另一方面，所得到的生物炭与发酵产生的沼液混合浸渍，负载丰富的N、P、K等元素，是良好的生物炭肥料。The treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste described in the utility model makes full use of the salt ions in the biogas residue produced by fermentation, so that it can destroy the "glue" in the sludge during the process of mixing and drying the sludge with hydrothermal solid phase. phase zone", which further breaks the wall of water-containing cells and improves drying efficiency. Moreover, the addition of biogas residue also increases the carbon content in pyrolyzed biochar, improves the pore structure of biochar, decomposes organic matter, and efficiently removes heavy metals and other elements. solidified. On the other hand, the obtained biochar is mixed and impregnated with the biogas slurry produced by fermentation, and loaded with abundant N, P, K and other elements, it is a good biochar fertilizer.
本实用新型所述的污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，通过水相混合发酵，固相混合热解的方式，解决当前污泥与餐厨垃圾混合堆肥或混合发酵过程中，有害物质（如含有的细菌、微生物和抗生素污染物）无法完全消解和重金属没有得到有效固化的问题，工艺过程清洁环保。The treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste described in the utility model solves the problem of harmful substances (such as Containing bacteria, microorganisms and antibiotic pollutants) cannot be completely digested and heavy metals have not been effectively solidified, and the process is clean and environmentally friendly.
具体方案如下：The specific plan is as follows:
一种污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，包括餐厨垃圾储仓（1）、输送装置1#（2）、破碎装置（3）、浆化装置（4）、分离装置1#（5）、输送装置3#（6）、输送装置2#（7）、输送装置4#（8）、混合装置1#（9）、输送装置5#（10）、发酵装置（11）、输送装置6#（12）、分离装置3#（13）、输送装置7#（14）、输送装置8#（15）、污泥仓（16）、输送装置9#（17）、水热装置（18）、分离装置2#（19）、输送装置11#（20）、混合装置2#（21）、输送装置12#（22）、干化装置（23）、炭化装置（24）、冷却装置（25）、输送装置13#（26）、负载装置（27）、输送装置10#（28）、燃烧装置（29）；A treatment device for sludge and food waste, including food waste storage bin (1), conveying device 1# (2), crushing device (3), pulping device (4), and separation device 1# (5) , conveying device 3# (6), conveying device 2# (7), conveying device 4# (8), mixing device 1# (9), conveying device 5# (10), fermentation device (11), conveying device 6 # (12), separation device 3# (13), conveying device 7# (14), conveying device 8# (15), sludge bin (16), conveying device 9# (17), hydrothermal device (18) , separation device 2# (19), conveying device 11# (20), mixing device 2# (21), conveying device 12# (22), drying device (23), carbonization device (24), cooling device (25 ), conveying device 13# (26), load device (27), conveying device 10# (28), combustion device (29);
其中，餐厨垃圾储仓（1）出口与输送装置1# （2）入口相连；输送装置1# （2）出口与破碎装置（3）入口相连；破碎装置（3）出口与浆化装置（4）入口相连、浆化装置（4）出口与分离装置1#（5）入口相连；Among them, the outlet of the food waste storage bin (1) is connected to the inlet of conveying device 1# (2); the outlet of conveying device 1# (2) is connected to the inlet of the crushing device (3); the outlet of the crushing device (3) is connected to the pulping device ( 4) The inlet is connected, the outlet of the pulping device (4) is connected with the inlet of the separation device 1# (5);
分离装置1#（5）设有油相出口、固相出口和水相出口，其中油相出口与输送装置3#（6）入口相连，固相出口与输送装置2#（7）入口相连，水相出口与输送装置4#（8）入口相连；The separation device 1# (5) is equipped with an oil phase outlet, a solid phase outlet and a water phase outlet, wherein the oil phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 3# (6), and the solid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 2# (7). The outlet of the water phase is connected to the inlet of 4# (8) of the conveying device;
输送装置2#（7）出口与混合装置2#（21）入口相连；The outlet of conveying device 2# (7) is connected with the inlet of mixing device 2# (21);
输送装置4#（8）出口与混合装置1#（9）入口相连，混合装置1#（9）的出口与输送装置5#（10）的入口相连，输送装置5#（10）出口与发酵装置（11）入口相连；发酵装置（11）设有气相出口和液相出口，其中气相出口与输送装置6#（12）入口相连，液相出口与分离装置（13）入口相连；The outlet of conveying device 4# (8) is connected to the inlet of mixing device 1# (9), the outlet of mixing device 1# (9) is connected to the inlet of conveying device 5# (10), and the outlet of conveying device 5# (10) is connected to the fermentation The inlet of the device (11) is connected; the fermentation device (11) is provided with a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, wherein the gas phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 6# (12), and the liquid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the separation device (13);
分离装置（13）设有固相出口和液相出口，其中固相出口与输送装置7#（14）入口相连，液相出口与输送装置8#（15）入口相连；The separation device (13) is provided with a solid phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, wherein the solid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of conveying device 7# (14), and the liquid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of conveying device 8# (15);
输送装置7#（14）出口与混合装置2#（21）入口相连，输送装置8#（15）出口与负载装置（27）入口相连；The outlet of conveying device 7# (14) is connected with the inlet of mixing device 2# (21), and the outlet of conveying device 8# (15) is connected with the inlet of loading device (27);
污泥仓（16）出口与输送装置9#（17）入口相连；输送装置9#（17）出口与水热装置（18）入口相连；水热装置（18）出口与分离装置2#（19）入口相连；The outlet of the sludge bin (16) is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 9# (17); the outlet of the conveying device 9# (17) is connected to the inlet of the hydrothermal device (18); the outlet of the hydrothermal device (18) is connected to the separation device 2# (19) ) connected to the entrance;
分离装置2#（19）设有液相出口和固相出口，其中液相出口与输送装置10#（28）入口相连，固相出口与输送装置11#（20）入口相连；输送装置10#（28）出口与混合装置1#（9）入口相连；输送装置11#（20）出口与混合装置2#（21）入口相连；混合装置2#（21）出口与输送装置12#（22）入口相连；输送装置12#（22）出口与干化装置（23）入口相连；干化装置（23）出口与炭化装置（24）入口相连；炭化装置（24）设有固相出口、热解气出口和烟气尾气出口，其中固相出口与冷却装置（25）入口相连；冷却装置（25）出口与输送装置13#（26）相连；输送装置13#（26）出口与负载装置（27）入口相连；The separation device 2# (19) is equipped with a liquid phase outlet and a solid phase outlet, wherein the liquid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 10# (28), and the solid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 11# (20); the conveying device 10# (28) The outlet is connected to the inlet of mixing device 1# (9); the outlet of conveying device 11# (20) is connected to the inlet of mixing device 2# (21); the outlet of mixing device 2# (21) is connected to conveying device 12# (22) The inlet is connected; the outlet of the conveying device 12# (22) is connected with the inlet of the drying device (23); the outlet of the drying device (23) is connected with the inlet of the carbonization device (24); the carbonization device (24) is equipped with a solid phase outlet, pyrolysis The gas outlet and flue gas tail gas outlet, in which the solid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the cooling device (25); the outlet of the cooling device (25) is connected to the conveying device 13# (26); the outlet of the conveying device 13# (26) is connected to the load device (27 ) connected to the entrance;
炭化装置（24）的热解气出口与燃烧装置（29）的燃料气入口相连，作为炭化装置的热源；炭化装置（24）的烟气尾气出口与干化装置（23）的入口相连，作为干化装置（23）的热源。The pyrolysis gas outlet of the carbonization device (24) is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the combustion device (29) as a heat source for the carbonization device; the flue gas tail gas outlet of the carbonization device (24) is connected with the inlet of the drying device (23) as a The heat source of drying device (23).
进一步的，所述的餐厨垃圾储仓（1）与污泥仓（16）为普通混凝土仓或钢仓；Further, the food waste storage bin (1) and the sludge bin (16) are ordinary concrete bins or steel bins;
所述的输送装置1#（2）为普通餐厨垃圾输送泵或渣浆泵；The conveying device 1# (2) is an ordinary food waste conveying pump or a slurry pump;
所述的破碎装置（3）为剪切式破碎机；The crushing device (3) is a shear crusher;
所述的浆化装置（4）为普通带电动搅拌的餐厨垃圾匀浆罐；The pulping device (4) is an ordinary kitchen waste homogenization tank with electric stirring;
所述的分离装置1#（5）为油、水、固三相分离器；The separation device 1# (5) is a three-phase separator of oil, water and solid;
所述的输送装置3#（6）为油泵；The delivery device 3# (6) is an oil pump;
所述的输送装置2#（7）、输送装置7#（14）、输送装置11#（20）、输送装置12#（22）、输送装置13#（26）为螺旋输送机、皮带输送机或刮板输送机；The conveying device 2# (7), conveying device 7# (14), conveying device 11# (20), conveying device 12# (22), conveying device 13# (26) are screw conveyors, belt conveyors or scraper conveyor;
所述的输送装置4#（8）、输送装置5#（10）、输送装置8#（15）、输送装置10#（28）为普通水泵；The conveying device 4# (8), conveying device 5# (10), conveying device 8# (15), and conveying device 10# (28) are ordinary water pumps;
所述的混合装置1#（9）为普通带电动搅拌的混合罐；The mixing device 1# (9) is an ordinary mixing tank with electric stirring;
所述的发酵装置（11）为厌氧发酵反应罐；The fermentation device (11) is an anaerobic fermentation reaction tank;
所述的输送装置6#（12）为引风机；The conveying device 6# (12) is an induced draft fan;
所述的分离装置3#（13）、分离装置2#（19）为板框压滤机或真空带式压滤机；The separation device 3# (13) and separation device 2# (19) are plate and frame filter presses or vacuum belt filter presses;
所述的输送装置9#（17）为泥浆泵或渣浆泵；The conveying device 9# (17) is a mud pump or a slurry pump;
所述的水热装置（18）为普通间接加热式水热反应釜；The hydrothermal device (18) is an ordinary indirect heating hydrothermal reaction kettle;
所述的混合装置2#（21）为单轴混合机、双轴混合机、犁刀混合机或螺带混合机；The mixing device 2# (21) is a single-shaft mixer, a double-shaft mixer, a coulter mixer or a ribbon mixer;
所述的干化装置（23）为回转筒干燥装置、圆盘干燥机或螺旋干燥机；The drying device (23) is a rotary drum drying device, a disc dryer or a spiral dryer;
所述的炭化装置（24）为普通间接加热回转筒炭化装置；The carbonization device (24) is an ordinary indirect heating rotary drum carbonization device;
所述的冷却装置（25）为间接加热回转冷却筒；The cooling device (25) is an indirect heating rotary cooling cylinder;
所述的负载装置（27）为普通浸渍吸收罐；The loading device (27) is an ordinary impregnated absorption tank;
所述的燃烧装置（29）为普通煤气燃烧器。The combustion device (29) is an ordinary gas burner.
有益效果：本实用新型所述的污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，适应我国目前日益紧迫的污泥和餐厨垃圾处理处置需求，有效解决了两者各自单独处理处置所存在的问题，而且实现副产物分类高值化利用，低碳、高效、清洁地利用各项副产物，达到物尽其用、节能环保、降低成本的目标，具有良好的经济效益与环境效益。Beneficial effects: the treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste described in the utility model can meet the increasingly urgent demand for sludge and kitchen waste treatment and disposal in my country, and effectively solves the problems existing in the separate treatment and disposal of the two, and Realize the high-value utilization of by-product classification, low-carbon, efficient and clean use of various by-products, achieve the goal of making the best use of everything, saving energy and environmental protection, and reducing costs, with good economic and environmental benefits.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型实施例1提供的污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置的设备联接图。Fig. 1 is an equipment connection diagram of a treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste provided by Embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型技术方案作进一步阐述，本实施方式可具有不同的形式并且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的说明。文中相同的附图标记始终代表相同的元件，相似的附图标记代表相似的元件。The technical solutions of the present utility model will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. This embodiment may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout, and like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
实施例1：Example 1:
一种污泥与餐厨垃圾的处理装置，如图1所示，包括餐厨垃圾储仓（1）、输送装置1#（2）、破碎装置（3）、浆化装置（4）、分离装置1#（5）、输送装置3#（6）、输送装置2#（7）、输送装置4#（8）、混合装置1#（9）、输送装置5#（10）、发酵装置（11）、输送装置6#（12）、分离装置3#（13）、输送装置7#（14）、输送装置8#（15）、污泥仓（16）、输送装置9#（17）、水热装置（18）、分离装置2#（19）、输送装置11#（20）、混合装置2#（21）、输送装置12#（22）、干化装置（23）、炭化装置（24）、冷却装置（25）、输送装置13#（26）、负载装置（27）、输送装置10#（28）、燃烧装置（29）；A treatment device for sludge and kitchen waste, as shown in Figure 1, including kitchen waste storage bin (1), conveying device 1# (2), crushing device (3), pulping device (4), separation Device 1# (5), conveying device 3# (6), conveying device 2# (7), conveying device 4# (8), mixing device 1# (9), conveying device 5# (10), fermentation device ( 11), conveying device 6# (12), separating device 3# (13), conveying device 7# (14), conveying device 8# (15), sludge bin (16), conveying device 9# (17), Hydrothermal device (18), separation device 2# (19), conveying device 11# (20), mixing device 2# (21), conveying device 12# (22), drying device (23), carbonization device (24 ), cooling device (25), conveying device 13# (26), load device (27), conveying device 10# (28), combustion device (29);
其中，餐厨垃圾储仓（1）出口与输送装置1# （2）入口相连；输送装置1# （2）出口与破碎装置（3）入口相连；破碎装置（3）出口与浆化装置（4）入口相连、浆化装置（4）出口与分离装置1#（5）入口相连；Among them, the outlet of the food waste storage bin (1) is connected to the inlet of conveying device 1# (2); the outlet of conveying device 1# (2) is connected to the inlet of the crushing device (3); the outlet of the crushing device (3) is connected to the pulping device ( 4) The inlet is connected, the outlet of the pulping device (4) is connected with the inlet of the separation device 1# (5);
分离装置1#（5）设有油相出口、固相出口和水相出口，其中油相出口与输送装置3#（6）入口相连，固相出口与输送装置2#（7）入口相连，水相出口与输送装置4#（8）入口相连；The separation device 1# (5) is equipped with an oil phase outlet, a solid phase outlet and a water phase outlet, wherein the oil phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 3# (6), and the solid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 2# (7). The outlet of the water phase is connected to the inlet of 4# (8) of the conveying device;
输送装置2#（7）出口与混合装置2#（21）入口相连；The outlet of conveying device 2# (7) is connected with the inlet of mixing device 2# (21);
输送装置4#（8）出口与混合装置1#（9）入口相连，混合装置1#（9）的出口与输送装置5#（10）的入口相连，输送装置5#（10）出口与发酵装置（11）入口相连；发酵装置（11）设有气相出口和液相出口，其中气相出口与输送装置6#（12）入口相连，液相出口与分离装置（13）入口相连；The outlet of conveying device 4# (8) is connected to the inlet of mixing device 1# (9), the outlet of mixing device 1# (9) is connected to the inlet of conveying device 5# (10), and the outlet of conveying device 5# (10) is connected to the fermentation The inlet of the device (11) is connected; the fermentation device (11) is provided with a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, wherein the gas phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 6# (12), and the liquid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the separation device (13);
分离装置（13）设有固相出口和液相出口，其中固相出口与输送装置7#（14）入口相连，液相出口与输送装置8#（15）入口相连；The separation device (13) is provided with a solid phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, wherein the solid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of conveying device 7# (14), and the liquid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of conveying device 8# (15);
输送装置7#（14）出口与混合装置2#（21）入口相连，输送装置8#（15）出口与负载装置（27）入口相连；The outlet of conveying device 7# (14) is connected with the inlet of mixing device 2# (21), and the outlet of conveying device 8# (15) is connected with the inlet of loading device (27);
污泥仓（16）出口与输送装置9#（17）入口相连；输送装置9#（17）出口与水热装置（18）入口相连；水热装置（18）出口与分离装置2#（19）入口相连；The outlet of the sludge bin (16) is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 9# (17); the outlet of the conveying device 9# (17) is connected to the inlet of the hydrothermal device (18); the outlet of the hydrothermal device (18) is connected to the separation device 2# (19) ) connected to the entrance;
分离装置2#（19）设有液相出口和固相出口，其中液相出口与输送装置10#（28）入口相连，固相出口与输送装置11#（20）入口相连；输送装置10#（28）出口与混合装置1#（9）入口相连；输送装置11#（20）出口与混合装置2#（21）入口相连；混合装置2#（21）出口与输送装置12#（22）入口相连；输送装置12#（22）出口与干化装置（23）入口相连；干化装置（23）出口与炭化装置（24）入口相连；炭化装置（24）设有固相出口、热解气出口和烟气尾气出口，其中固相出口与冷却装置（25）入口相连；冷却装置（25）出口与输送装置13#（26）相连；输送装置13#（26）出口与负载装置（27）入口相连；The separation device 2# (19) is equipped with a liquid phase outlet and a solid phase outlet, wherein the liquid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 10# (28), and the solid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the conveying device 11# (20); the conveying device 10# (28) The outlet is connected to the inlet of mixing device 1# (9); the outlet of conveying device 11# (20) is connected to the inlet of mixing device 2# (21); the outlet of mixing device 2# (21) is connected to conveying device 12# (22) The inlet is connected; the outlet of the conveying device 12# (22) is connected with the inlet of the drying device (23); the outlet of the drying device (23) is connected with the inlet of the carbonization device (24); the carbonization device (24) is equipped with a solid phase outlet, pyrolysis The gas outlet and flue gas tail gas outlet, in which the solid phase outlet is connected to the inlet of the cooling device (25); the outlet of the cooling device (25) is connected to the conveying device 13# (26); the outlet of the conveying device 13# (26) is connected to the load device (27 ) connected to the entrance;
炭化装置（24）的热解气出口与燃烧装置（29）的燃料气入口相连，作为炭化装置的热源；炭化装置（24）的烟气尾气出口与干化装置（23）的入口相连，作为干化装置（23）的热源。The pyrolysis gas outlet of the carbonization device (24) is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the combustion device (29) as a heat source for the carbonization device; the flue gas tail gas outlet of the carbonization device (24) is connected with the inlet of the drying device (23) as a The heat source of drying device (23).
其中，所述的餐厨垃圾储仓（1）与污泥仓（16）为普通混凝土仓或钢仓；Wherein, the kitchen waste storage bin (1) and the sludge bin (16) are ordinary concrete bins or steel bins;
所述的输送装置1#（2）为普通餐厨垃圾输送泵或渣浆泵；The conveying device 1# (2) is an ordinary food waste conveying pump or a slurry pump;
所述的破碎装置（3）为剪切式破碎机；The crushing device (3) is a shear crusher;
所述的浆化装置（4）为普通带电动搅拌的餐厨垃圾匀浆罐；The pulping device (4) is an ordinary kitchen waste homogenization tank with electric stirring;
所述的分离装置1#（5）为油、水、固三相分离器；The separation device 1# (5) is a three-phase separator of oil, water and solid;
所述的输送装置3#（6）为油泵；The delivery device 3# (6) is an oil pump;
所述的输送装置2#（7）、输送装置7#（14）、输送装置11#（20）、输送装置12#（22）、输送装置13#（26）为螺旋输送机、皮带输送机或刮板输送机；The conveying device 2# (7), conveying device 7# (14), conveying device 11# (20), conveying device 12# (22), conveying device 13# (26) are screw conveyors, belt conveyors or scraper conveyor;
所述的输送装置4#（8）、输送装置5#（10）、输送装置8#（15）、输送装置10#（28）为普通水泵；The conveying device 4# (8), conveying device 5# (10), conveying device 8# (15), and conveying device 10# (28) are ordinary water pumps;
所述的混合装置1#（9）为普通带电动搅拌的混合罐；The mixing device 1# (9) is an ordinary mixing tank with electric stirring;
所述的发酵装置（11）为厌氧发酵反应罐；The fermentation device (11) is an anaerobic fermentation reaction tank;
所述的输送装置6#（12）为引风机；The conveying device 6# (12) is an induced draft fan;
所述的分离装置3#（13）、分离装置2#（19）为板框压滤机或真空带式压滤机；The separation device 3# (13) and separation device 2# (19) are plate and frame filter presses or vacuum belt filter presses;
所述的输送装置9#（17）为泥浆泵或渣浆泵；The conveying device 9# (17) is a mud pump or a slurry pump;
所述的水热装置（18）为普通间接加热式水热反应釜；The hydrothermal device (18) is an ordinary indirect heating hydrothermal reaction kettle;
所述的混合装置2#（21）为单轴混合机、双轴混合机、犁刀混合机或螺带混合机；The mixing device 2# (21) is a single-shaft mixer, a double-shaft mixer, a coulter mixer or a ribbon mixer;
所述的干化装置（23）为回转筒干燥装置、圆盘干燥机或螺旋干燥机；The drying device (23) is a rotary drum drying device, a disc dryer or a spiral dryer;
所述的炭化装置（24）为普通间接加热回转筒炭化装置；The carbonization device (24) is an ordinary indirect heating rotary drum carbonization device;
所述的冷却装置（25）为间接加热回转冷却筒；The cooling device (25) is an indirect heating rotary cooling cylinder;
所述的负载装置（27）为普通浸渍吸收罐；The loading device (27) is an ordinary impregnated absorption tank;
所述的燃烧装置（29）为普通煤气燃烧器。The combustion device (29) is an ordinary gas burner.
实施例2：Example 2:
实施例1中所述的装置的使用方法如下：餐厨垃圾储仓（1）中的餐厨垃圾经输送装置1# （2）进入破碎装置（3）破碎。破碎后物料在浆化装置（4）中浆化后在分离装置1#（5）中进行油、水、固三相分离，其中油相经输送装置3#（6）输送，收集到的废油用于生产燃料或生物塑料；固相经输送装置2#（7）输送进入混合装置2#（21），并与输送装置7#（14）输送的沼渣、输送装置11#（20）输送的污泥水热固相混合；水相经输送装置4#（8）输送进入混合装置1#（9），并与输送装置10#（28）输送来的水热液相混合。混合液经输送装置5#（10）输送进入发酵装置（11），发酵产生的生物燃气经输送装置6#（12）输出，作为生物燃料外供；发酵液经分离装置3#（13）分离，固相沼渣经输送装置7#（14）输送进入混合装置2#（21），液相沼液经输送装置4#（8）输送进入负载装置（27）。The method of using the device described in Example 1 is as follows: the food waste in the food waste storage bin (1) enters the crushing device (3) through the conveying device 1# (2) for crushing. The crushed material is slurried in the pulping device (4) and then separated into three phases of oil, water and solid in the separation device 1# (5). The oil phase is transported by the conveying device 3# (6), and the collected waste The oil is used to produce fuel or bioplastics; the solid phase is conveyed into the mixing device 2# (21) through the conveying device 2# (7), and is conveyed with the biogas residue conveyed by the conveying device 7# (14), and the conveying device 11# (20) The conveyed sludge is mixed in hydrothermal and solid phase; the water phase is conveyed into the mixing device 1# (9) through the conveying device 4# (8), and mixed with the hydrothermal liquid phase conveyed by the conveying device 10# (28). The mixed liquid is conveyed into the fermentation device (11) through the conveying device 5# (10), and the biogas produced by fermentation is output through the conveying device 6# (12) and supplied as biofuel; the fermentation liquid is separated through the separating device 3# (13) , the solid-phase biogas residue is conveyed into the mixing device 2# (21) through the conveying device 7# (14), and the liquid-phase biogas slurry is conveyed into the loading device (27) through the conveying device 4# (8).
污泥仓（16）中的污泥经输送装置9#（17）输送，进入水热装置（18）；水热处理后污泥直接进入分离装置2#（19）进行固液分离，分离液相经输送装置10#（28）输送进入混合装置1#（9），用于发酵；分离固相经输送装置11#（20）输送进入混合装置2#（21），与其它物料进行混合；混合后物料经输送装置12#（22）输送进入干化装置（23），烘干后物料直接进入炭化装置（24）进行炭化，炭化料经冷却装置（25）冷却得到生物炭；生物炭经输送装置13#（26），进入负载装置（27），吸附沼液中水分与N、P、K等营养成分后作为生物炭肥料。炭化装置（24）产生的热解气经燃烧装置（29）燃烧后作为炭化装置（24）自身热源；燃烧后产生的烟气尾气引入干化装置（23），作为干化装置的热源。The sludge in the sludge bin (16) is transported through the conveying device 9# (17) and enters the hydrothermal device (18); after hydrothermal treatment, the sludge directly enters the separation device 2# (19) for solid-liquid separation, and the liquid phase is separated It is conveyed into the mixing device 1# (9) through the conveying device 10# (28) for fermentation; the separated solid phase is conveyed into the mixing device 2# (21) through the conveying device 11# (20) and mixed with other materials; The final material is conveyed into the drying device (23) through the conveying device 12# (22), and the dried material directly enters the carbonization device (24) for carbonization, and the carbonization material is cooled by the cooling device (25) to obtain biochar; Device 13# (26), enters the load device (27), absorbs water and nutrients such as N, P, and K in the biogas slurry, and uses it as biochar fertilizer. The pyrolysis gas produced by the carbonization device (24) is burned by the combustion device (29) and used as the heat source of the carbonization device (24); the flue gas tail gas generated after combustion is introduced into the drying device (23) as the heat source of the drying device.
本实施例中所述装置可实现污泥与餐厨垃圾资源化协同利用，厌氧发酵产气率≥0.25m3/kgCOD，燃气中甲烷含量>85%；产出的废油脂经预处理后可用于生产燃料油或生物塑料；得到的生物炭肥料产品（N+P2O5+K2O）>5%，可提高作物产量3-8%。成套处理系统实现能源100%自供，尾气达标排放，清洁环保。新装置有效解决了污泥与餐厨垃圾单独处理处置所存在的问题，实现副产物分类高值化利用，低碳、高效、清洁地利用各项副产物，达到物尽其用、节能环保、降低成本的目标，具有良好的经济效益与环境效益。The device described in this example can realize the synergistic utilization of sludge and kitchen waste resources, the gas production rate of anaerobic fermentation is ≥0.25m 3 /kgCOD, and the methane content in the gas is >85%; the waste oil produced is pretreated It can be used to produce fuel oil or bioplastics; the obtained biochar fertilizer product (N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O)>5%, can increase crop yield by 3-8%. The complete set of treatment system realizes 100% self-supply of energy, and the tail gas discharge meets the standard, which is clean and environmentally friendly. The new device effectively solves the problems existing in the separate treatment and disposal of sludge and kitchen waste, realizes the classified and high-value utilization of by-products, and utilizes various by-products in a low-carbon, efficient and clean manner to achieve the best use of everything, energy saving, environmental protection, The goal of cost reduction has good economic and environmental benefits.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本实用新型的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本实用新型的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本实用新型的原理和宗旨的情况下在本实用新型的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and cannot be construed as limitations of the present utility model, and those skilled in the art will not depart from the scope of the present utility model. The above-mentioned embodiments can be changed, modified, replaced and modified within the scope of the present utility model under the principle and purpose.
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