CN114027456B - 一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114027456B CN114027456B CN202111284281.4A CN202111284281A CN114027456B CN 114027456 B CN114027456 B CN 114027456B CN 202111284281 A CN202111284281 A CN 202111284281A CN 114027456 B CN114027456 B CN 114027456B
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- calcium
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Classifications
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
本发明涉及一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将新鲜动物骨头剔除肉、筋和骨髓，切成小块，然后在冷冻处理，备用；(2)将新鲜驴皮处理干净，切块备用；(3)将处理后的驴皮和新鲜动物骨头，蒸汽压力为2.5‑3.5Mpa的条件下维持300‑500s，然后瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破，得到液化产物，将液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质，即得补钙产品。本发明的方法在蒸汽爆破的过程中氨基酸和钙离子相互结合，形成氨基酸螯合钙，易于被人体及动物体吸收，无毒、无副作用，能达到补充钙与氨基酸的双重效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，属于补钙产品领域。
背景技术
钙是人体生命活动不可缺少的重要元素，钙的生理功能及缺钙对人体健康的影响日益受到重视。在我国的大众饮食结构中,植物性食品所占的例较高，同时大多数人对乳制品的摄入相对较少，经常产生缺钙现象，对儿童、孕妇以及一些生理功能有所减退的老年人的健康造成了严重影响。对严重缺钙的人群，食物补钙不能满足机体对钙的需要，还需适当补充钙营养强化剂。市场上的钙营养强化剂很多，但是普遍存在着溶解度低、吸收性差、副作用大。一些制剂含钙量低，难以满足人体补钙的需要。碳酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、磷酸氢钙等可以使用，但吸收利用率较低。因此，开发溶解度高、吸收性好、溶解度高、不良反应少的优良钙营养强化剂，满足人们对钙营养强化剂日益增长的需要，已成为当务之急。氨基酸与无机钙盐通过化学合成而形成的氨基酸螯合钙，易于被人体及动物体吸收，无毒、无副作用，能达到补充钙与氨基酸的双重效果，是一种较为理想的补钙剂。阿胶为马科动物驴的去毛之干燥皮或鲜皮经煎煮、浓缩，少佐冰糖、黄酒、豆油加工而成的固体胶块。阿胶具有增强骨髓造血功能、促进凝血、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、增强记忆力、促进骨愈合、抗疲劳、耐缺氧、抗辐射、改善钙代谢以及抑制哮喘、炎症反应等药理作用，研究表明阿胶具有促进钙吸收和钙平衡的作用。现有阿胶钙的方案有：阿胶和其它补钙剂混合使用，如阿胶800-1200g、乳酸钙800-1500g、葡萄糖酸钙800-1200g、富马酸亚铁10-20g、酪蛋白磷酸肤30-70g，可以有效地钙吸收。实质是利用阿胶中的胶原蛋白肽促进促进钙的吸收，吸收的效果一般。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，解决了现有阿胶钙通过简单混合，钙吸收效果不好的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将新鲜动物骨头剔除肉、筋和骨髓，切成小块，然后在冷冻处理，备用；
(2)将新鲜驴皮处理干净，切块备用；
(3)将处理后的驴皮和新鲜动物骨头，蒸汽压力为2.5-3.5Mpa的条件下维持300-500s，然后瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破，得到液化产物，将液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质，即得补钙产品。
进一步，本发明的一种优选方案为：所述的冷冻处理为将切块的动物骨头在-20--30的温度下，处理2-3h，然后自然恢复至常温。
进一步，本发明的一种优选方案为：所述的冷冻处理次数为1-3次。
进一步，本发明的一种优选方案为：所述的步骤(3)中添加有蒸汽爆破保护剂，蒸汽爆破保护剂的添加量为0.5-1‰。
进一步，本发明的一种优选方案为：所述的蒸汽爆破保护剂，按照重量百分比计，包括VC3-5％、海藻糖1-2％，葡萄糖氧化酶1-3％、三七提取物1-2％、杜仲提取物0.5-1％、可溶性淀粉1-3％，β-环糊精3-5％，余量水。
进一步，本发明的一种优选方案为：所述的步骤(3)中，液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质后，加入其质量0.1-0.3‰的去腥剂。
进一步，本发明的一种优选方案为：所述的去腥增香剂按照重量份计包括袖子皮提取物3-5份、柠檬皮提取物2-3份和紫苏提取物3-4份。
进一步，本发明的一种优选方案为：所述的袖子皮提取物、柠檬皮提取物和紫苏提取物分别选取袖子皮、柠檬皮和紫苏粉碎，然后加入水，按照1g/3m1的比例加入，40-50℃，提取6-8h，真空低温干燥，既得提取物。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明将新鲜动物骨头和驴皮一起蒸汽爆破处理，新鲜动物骨头经过蒸汽爆破可以有效地出去部分腥味，将蛋白质、脂肪等分解为氨基酸和骨胶原蛋白肽，有利于提高钙的吸收。驴皮经过液化变为含有丰富氨基酸、微量元素的液体。二者在蒸汽爆破的过程中氨基酸和钙离子相互结合，形成氨基酸螯合钙，易于被人体及动物体吸收，无毒、无副作用，能达到补充钙与氨基酸的双重效果，有以下三点：(1)相比直接从驴皮和新鲜骨头制备氨基酸螯合钙，相比从阿胶和钙离子制备氨基酸螯合钙，工艺路线短，可以有效地降低驴皮和新鲜骨头中有效成分的损失，提高其利用效率；(2)蒸汽爆破可以有效地除去驴皮和新鲜骨头中的腥味，提高产品的口感；(3)所制备的钙制品中含有氨基酸螯合钙、氨基酸、骨胶原蛋白肽和25μm的钙离子，该成分为复合补钙剂，可以有效的促进钙吸收利用。
本发明需要对骨头和驴皮同时进行蒸汽爆破。但是驴皮和骨头的结构不一样，其最佳的保温保压时间也不同。骨头的保温保压时间要大于驴皮，如果按照骨头的最佳条件进行，钙的溶出率高，但是会对驴皮的有效成分造成破坏，起不到应有的作用。因此需要合理的调整其保温保压时间。发明人经过大量的研究发现采用在蒸汽爆破前对新鲜骨头进行冷冻处理，可以使骨头失水，在其内容形成微小空隙，使骨头变脆，更容易蒸汽爆破，可以有效地缩短其保压保温时间，使其与驴皮的蒸汽爆破保温保压时间基本相同，这样即可以使骨头中的钙离子充分的溶出，也可以有效地保护驴皮的有效成分。
蒸汽爆破为高温高压操作，不可避免的会造成蛋白质、氨基酸等，因此发明人通过添加蒸汽爆破保护剂的方法，可以有效地降低破坏，更多的保留有效成分。在选择蒸汽爆破保护剂的时候，发明人根据本发明的目的，使得制备的保护剂，在具有保护有益物质不被高温破坏的同时，还考虑到促进钙吸收和去腥的作用。因此本发明的蒸汽爆破保护剂同时具有抗氧化、促进钙吸收和去腥的作用，是一种复合保护剂。
动物骨头和驴皮都会有特殊的腥味，虽然通过高温蒸汽爆破可以降低腥味，但是还有腥味。为此发明人采用添加去腥剂来遮盖腥味，改善口感。袖子皮提取物、柠檬皮提取物和紫苏提取物含有水果特有的果香，配合可溶性淀粉和β-环糊精的包覆作用，二者配合可以有效的去除腥味，使制备的钙制品具有清香味，而没有骨头的腥味。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将新鲜牛骨剔除肉、筋和骨髓，切成2cm×2cm×1cm立方小块，然后在冷冻处理，备用，所述的冷冻处理为将切块的牛骨在-20--30的温度下，处理2h，然后自然恢复至常温；所述的冷冻处理次数为2次；
(2)将新鲜驴皮处理干净，切成3cm×3cm小块块备用；
(3)将处理后的驴皮和新鲜牛骨，蒸汽压力为3.0Mpa的条件下维持500s，然后瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破，得到液化产物，将液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质，即得补钙产品。除去油脂的方法采用在10-15℃下，静置分层，然后分离。
实施例2
一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将新鲜牛骨剔除肉、筋和骨髓，切成2cm×2cm×1cm立方小块，然后在冷冻处理，备用，所述的冷冻处理为将切块的牛骨在-20--30的温度下，处理3h，然后自然恢复至常温；所述的冷冻处理次数为1次；
(2)将新鲜驴皮处理干净，切成3cm×3cm小块块备用；
(3)将处理后的驴皮和新鲜牛骨，蒸汽压力为3.5Mpa的条件下维持400s，然后瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破，得到液化产物，将液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质，即得补钙产品。
实施例3
一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将新鲜牛骨剔除肉、筋和骨髓，切成2cm×2cm×1cm立方小块，然后在冷冻处理，备用，所述的冷冻处理为将切块的牛骨在-20--30的温度下，处理2h，然后自然恢复至常温；所述的冷冻处理次数为3次；
(2)将新鲜驴皮处理干净，切成3cm×3cm小块块备用；
(3)将处理后的驴皮和新鲜牛骨，蒸汽压力为2.5Mpa的条件下维持300s，然后瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破，得到液化产物，将液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质，即得补钙产品。
对比例1
一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将新鲜牛骨剔除肉、筋和骨髓，切成2cm×2cm×1cm立方小块，然后在冷冻处理，备用，所述的冷冻处理为将切块的牛骨在-20--30的温度下，处理2h，然后自然恢复至常温；所述的冷冻处理次数为2次；
(2)将新鲜驴皮处理干净，切成3cm×3cm小块块备用；
(3)将处理后的驴皮和新鲜牛骨，分别进行蒸汽爆破，蒸汽压力为3.0Mpa的条件下维持500s，然后瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破，得到液化产物，将液化产物混合，然后将液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质，即得补钙产品。
对比例2
与实施例1基本相同，不同在于：新鲜牛骨切块之后，不进行冷冻处理，直接蒸汽爆破。
对比例3
与实施例1基本相同，不同在于：新鲜牛骨切块之后，不进行冷冻处理，直接蒸汽爆破，蒸汽爆破保温保压时间为700s。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同，不同点在于：所述的步骤(3)中添加有蒸汽爆破保护剂，蒸汽爆破保护剂的添加量为0.5‰。
蒸汽爆破保护剂，按照重量百分比计，包括VC3％、海藻糖1％，葡萄糖氧化酶3％、三七提取物2％、杜仲提取物0.5％、可溶性淀粉3％，β-环糊精5％，余量水。三七提取物和杜仲提取物分别将三七和杜仲粉碎，加水，70-100℃，提取2h，然后过滤、干燥即可。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同，不同点在于：所述的步骤(3)中添加有蒸汽爆破保护剂，蒸汽爆破保护剂的添加量为1‰。
进一步，本发明的一种优选方案为：所述的蒸汽爆破保护剂，按照重量百分比计，包括VC5％、海藻糖2％，葡萄糖氧化酶1％、三七提取物1％、杜仲提取物1％、可溶性淀粉1％，β-环糊精3％，余量水。三七提取物和杜仲提取物分别将三七和杜仲粉碎，加水，70-100℃，提取2h，然后过滤、干燥即可。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同，不同点在于：所述的步骤(3)中，液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质后，加入其质量0.1‰的去腥剂。
去腥增香剂按照重量份计包括袖子皮提取物5份、柠檬皮提取物2份和紫苏提取物3份。
袖子皮提取物、柠檬皮提取物和紫苏提取物分别选取袖子皮、柠檬皮和紫苏粉碎，然后加入水，按照1g/3m1的比例加入，40-50℃，提取6-8h，真空低温干燥，既得提取物。
实施例7
与实施例4基本相同，不同点在于：：所述的步骤(3)中，液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质后，加入其质量0.3‰的去腥剂。
去腥增香剂按照重量份计包括袖子皮提取物3份、柠檬皮提取物3份和紫苏提取物4份。
袖子皮提取物、柠檬皮提取物和紫苏提取物分别选取袖子皮、柠檬皮和紫苏粉碎，然后加入水，按照1g/3m1的比例加入，40-50℃，提取6-8h，真空低温干燥，既得提取物。
补钙产品钙吸收实验
1.动物分组
将140KM小鼠，雄性、雌性各70只，称重、随机分为7组，每组20只，雄雌各10只。
2.生长实验
空白组(不补充任何钙剂)：自由进食，饮用去离子水，饲料为美国营养学会于1993年提出的啮齿类动物纯化饲料配方(AIN-93)，饲料中钙含量为0.1％。
低钙模型组：自由进食，饮用去离子水，饲料为美国营养学会于1993年提出的啮齿类动物纯化饲料配方(AIN-93)，其中调整饲料中的钙含量为0.1％。
低钙模型组按照220mg·kg-1的标准，分别灌胃无机钙源(碳酸钙)、实施例1、对比例1-3和实施例4的补钙产品。所有灌胃样品均用无菌生理盐水进行溶解，灌胃无机钙源为CaCl2。空白组灌胃对应体积的无菌生理盐水。
3.钙代谢实验：
实验动物进入动物房后进行3天环境适应后，称体重后开始试验，定期收集每只受试大鼠的粪便和尿液各5天，并对受试大鼠的饲料摄入量进行准确记录；测定摄食饲料和收集的粪便、尿液中的钙含量。
根据下式计算
摄入钙＝饲料中的钙量+灌胃的钙量
吸收钙＝摄入钙量-粪便钙量
钙吸收率＝(吸收钙/摄入钙)×100％
储留钙＝摄入钙量-粪便钙量-尿液钙量
储留率＝(储留钙/摄入钙)×100％
表1大鼠钙代谢指标(x±s)
注:“*”,显著差异,P＜0.05；“**”，极显著差异，P＜0.01vs对照组。“#”，显著差异，P＜0.05；“##”极显著差异，P＜0.01vs对比例1。“&”，显著差异，P＜0.05；“&&”极显著差异，P＜0.01vs对比例3。
由上表可知，空白组处于高度钙缺乏状态，其钙吸收率极显著高于对照组和对比例3。
钙吸收率，实施例1、实施例4、对比例1-3都高于对照组，其中，实施例1、实施例4、对比例2和3具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01)，新鲜骨头和驴皮同时蒸汽爆破处理后的补钙产品对钙吸收率和储留率提高效果要高与单独补充无机钙。
相对于对比例1，实施例1和4的钙吸收率和储留率具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01)，说明同时蒸汽爆破相对于分开蒸汽爆破具有明显优势，可以在爆破的同时形成氨基酸钙，形成的补钙产品中含有氨基酸螯合钙、氨基酸、骨胶原蛋白肽和25μm的钙离子，该成分为复合补钙剂，可以有效的促进钙吸收利用。
实施例1和实施例4相比，钙的钙吸收率相差不到，但是储留率具有较大差异，可见蒸汽爆破处理时增加蒸汽爆破保护剂，有益于提高补钙产品的吸收保留。
相对于对比例3，实施例1和4的钙吸收率和储留率具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01)，说明蒸汽爆破时，骨头冷冻处理和保压时间，对补钙产品的吸收具有显著影响，尤其是保压时间。对比例3相对于对比例2来着，紧紧是保压时间增加200s，但是钙吸收率和储留率具有很大变化，长时间的保温保压会造成驴皮中有益成分的损失，进而影响补钙产品的钙吸收率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将新鲜动物骨头剔除肉、筋和骨髓，切成小块，然后再冷冻处理，备用；
（2）将新鲜驴皮处理干净，切块备用；
（3）将处理后的驴皮和新鲜动物骨头，蒸汽压力为2.5-3.5Mpa的条件下维持300-500s，然后瞬间弹射蒸汽爆破，得到液化产物，将液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质，即得补钙产品；所述的冷冻处理为将切块的动物骨头在-20--30的温度下，处理2-3h，然后自然恢复至常温；所述的冷冻处理次数为1-3次；
所述的步骤（3）中添加有蒸汽爆破保护剂，蒸汽爆破保护剂的添加量为0.5-1%；所述的蒸汽爆破保护剂，按照重量百分比计，包括VC3-5%、海藻糖1-2%，葡萄糖氧化酶1-3%、三七提取物1-2%、杜仲提取物0.5-1%、可溶性淀粉1-3%，β-环糊精3-5%，余量水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤（3）中，液化产物除去油脂和不溶性杂质后，加入其质量0.1-0.3%的去腥剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，其特征在于：所述的去腥剂按照重量份计包括柚子皮提取物3-5份、柠檬皮提取物2-3份和紫苏提取物3-4份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种利用驴皮和鲜动物骨头制备补钙产品的方法，其特征在于:所述的柚子皮提取物、柠檬皮提取物和紫苏提取物分别选取柚子皮、柠檬皮和紫苏粉碎，然后加入水，按照1g/3ml的比例加入，40-50℃，提取6-8h，真空低温干燥，既得提取物。
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