CN114014726A - Special fertilizer for rice and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for rice and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114014726A CN114014726A CN202111435498.0A CN202111435498A CN114014726A CN 114014726 A CN114014726 A CN 114014726A CN 202111435498 A CN202111435498 A CN 202111435498A CN 114014726 A CN114014726 A CN 114014726A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940038879 chelated zinc Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007686 potassium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 41
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000007106 menorrhagia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000009519 fu-yuan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a special fertilizer for rice as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of fertilizers. The special fertilizer for rice comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of excrement, 50-60 parts of straw, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 26-30 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 8-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10-14 parts of potassium chloride, 3-6 parts of potassium fulvate, 1-2 parts of glutamic acid, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated zinc and 3-6 parts of amino acid chelated selenium. When the fertilizer is used for planting rice, the yield of the rice can be increased, the protein content, the selenium content and the calcium content in the rice can be increased, and the quality of the rice can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a special fertilizer for rice and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Rice is one of important food crops of human beings, and rice is taken as staple food by half of the population all over the world, so the planting of the rice is particularly important. The fertilizer is grain of crops and can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the crops. However, in order for crops to grow rapidly, the need to rely on good fertilizers and reasonable fertilization for robust growth is felt. If the fertilizer is not properly applied, the improper application of the fertilizer is just like unbalanced diet of people, which can cause unhealthy bodies, weak resistance to pathogenic bacteria and easy diseases. The prior art still has the problem of unreasonable distribution and application of the fertilizer for rice planting. Therefore, a fertilizer which is reasonable in proportioning and application, can improve the yield of the rice and can improve the quality of the rice is urgently needed to meet the defects of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fertilizer which is reasonable in proportioning and application, can improve the yield of rice and can also improve the quality of rice, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for rice and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a special fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of excrement, 50-60 parts of straw, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 26-30 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 8-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10-14 parts of potassium chloride, 3-6 parts of potassium fulvate, 1-2 parts of glutamic acid, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated zinc and 3-6 parts of amino acid chelated selenium.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:
52-58 parts of excrement, 52-58 parts of straw, 1.5-2.5 parts of microbial agent, 27-29 parts of urea, 8.5-9.5 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 8.5-9.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 11-13 parts of potassium chloride, 4-5 parts of potassium fulvate, 1.2-1.8 parts of glutamic acid, 1.2-1.8 parts of amino acid chelated zinc and 4-5 parts of amino acid chelated selenium.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:
55 parts of excrement, 55 parts of straw, 2 parts of microbial agent, 28 parts of urea, 9 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 9 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium chloride, 4.5 parts of potassium fulvate, 1.5 parts of glutamic acid, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated zinc and 4.5 parts of amino acid chelated selenium.
Preferably, the manure is cow manure and/or chicken manure;
the straw is corn straw and/or soybean straw.
Preferably, the microbial agent is a bacillus subtilis microbial agent and a trichoderma microbial agent;
the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum to the trichoderma microbial inoculum in the microbial agent is 1: 6-8;
the viable count of each gram of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum is more than 200 hundred million;
the viable count of each gram of trichoderma is more than 10 hundred million.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special rice fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing excrement, straw and a microbial agent to obtain a fermented material, and stacking and fermenting the fermented material for 26-30 days to obtain a decomposed organic material;
(2) mixing the decomposed organic material with urea, dicalcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium fulvate, glutamic acid, amino acid chelated zinc and amino acid chelated selenium, and granulating to obtain the special fertilizer for rice.
Preferably, the water content of the fermentation material during stacking fermentation is 61-65%;
the central temperature of the fermentation pile during the stacking fermentation is 30-60 ℃;
turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is greater than 60 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the special rice fertilizer in the aspects of increasing the rice yield and/or improving the rice quality.
Preferably, the application method of the special rice fertilizer in improving the rice yield and/or improving the rice quality comprises the following steps:
(1) 5-7 days before the rice is planted, the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer;
(2) the fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer in the tillering stage and the heading stage of the rice;
preferably, the fertilizing amount of the special rice fertilizer used as a base fertilizer is 58-60 kg/mu;
the fertilizing amount of the special rice fertilizer in the rice tillering period is 8-10 kg/mu;
the fertilizing amount of the special rice fertilizer in the heavy heading stage of rice is 10-12 kg/mu;
the application time of the special fertilizer for rice in the tillering stage of rice is just when the rice enters the tillering stage;
the application time of the special fertilizer for rice in the rice heading re-period is the time when the rice just enters the rice heading re-period.
The invention provides a special fertilizer for rice and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein urea, dicalcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and potassium fulvate in the special fertilizer for rice provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements necessary for rice growth; the potassium fulvate and the glutamic acid are matched to form a protective layer at the root system part of the rice, so that the root system of the rice is protected from being damaged by adverse environment, and the pH value of the root system can be adjusted; the addition of the amino acid chelated zinc and the amino acid chelated selenium is used for improving the quality of the rice. Excrement for providing protein for rice growth, organic straw and microbial fermentation inoculants for promoting rice growth and inhibiting rice pathogenic bacteria are also added into the special fertilizer for rice. The substances are matched to prepare the special fertilizer for the rice, and the special fertilizer can be used for the rice, so that the yield of the rice can be improved, and the quality of the rice can be obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a special fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of excrement, preferably 52-58 parts, and more preferably 55 parts;
50-60 parts of straw, preferably 52-58 parts, and further preferably 55 parts;
1-3 parts of microbial agent, preferably 1.5-2.5 parts, and more preferably 2 parts;
26-30 parts of urea, preferably 27-29 parts of urea, and more preferably 28 parts of urea;
8-10 parts of dicalcium phosphate, preferably 8.5-9.5 parts, and more preferably 9 parts;
8-10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, preferably 8.5-9.5 parts, and further preferably 9 parts;
10-14 parts of potassium chloride, preferably 11-13 parts of potassium chloride, and more preferably 12 parts of potassium chloride;
3-6 parts of potassium fulvate, preferably 4-5 parts, and further preferably 4.5 parts;
1-2 parts of glutamic acid, preferably 1.2-1.8 parts, and more preferably 1.5 parts;
1-2 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, preferably 1.2-1.8 parts, and further preferably 1.5 parts;
3-6 parts of amino acid chelated selenium, preferably 4-5 parts, and more preferably 4.5 parts.
In the invention, the manure is cow manure and/or chicken manure;
the cow dung and the chicken dung are mixed in any proportion when being mixed;
the straws are corn straws and/or soybean straws;
the corn straw and the soybean straw are mixed in any proportion when being mixed.
In the invention, the microbial agent is a bacillus subtilis microbial agent and a trichoderma microbial agent;
the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum to the trichoderma microbial inoculum in the microbial agent is 1: 6-8, and preferably 1: 7;
the viable count of each gram of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum is more than 200 hundred million;
the viable count of each gram of trichoderma is more than 10 hundred million.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special rice fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing excrement, straw and a microbial agent to obtain a fermented material, and stacking and fermenting the fermented material for 26-30 days to obtain a decomposed organic material;
(2) mixing the decomposed organic material with urea, dicalcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium fulvate, glutamic acid, amino acid chelated zinc and amino acid chelated selenium, and granulating to obtain the special fertilizer for rice.
In the invention, the time for the stacking fermentation is preferably 27-29 d, and more preferably 28 d; the water content of the fermentation material during stacking fermentation is 61-65%, preferably 62-64%, and more preferably 63%;
the central temperature of the fermentation pile during stacking fermentation is 30-60 ℃, preferably 40-50 ℃, and further preferably 45 ℃;
turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is greater than 60 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the special rice fertilizer in the aspects of increasing the rice yield and/or improving the rice quality.
In the invention, the application method of the special rice fertilizer in improving the rice yield and/or improving the rice quality comprises the following steps:
(1) 5-7 days before the rice is planted, the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer;
(2) the fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer in the tillering stage and the heading stage of the rice;
in the invention, the time for using the special fertilizer for rice as a base fertilizer is preferably 6 days before planting rice; the fertilizing amount of the special rice fertilizer as a base fertilizer is 58-60 kg/mu, preferably 59 kg/mu;
the fertilizing amount of the special rice fertilizer in the rice tillering period is 8-10 kg/mu, preferably 9 kg/mu; the application time of the special fertilizer for rice in the tillering stage of rice is just when the rice enters the tillering stage;
the fertilizing amount of the special rice fertilizer in the heavy heading stage of rice is 10-12 kg/mu, preferably 11 kg/mu; the application time of the special fertilizer for rice in the rice heading re-period is the time when the rice just enters the rice heading re-period.
The specific method for using the special fertilizer for rice as a base fertilizer or an additional fertilizer is to spread the special fertilizer in a planting field.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The sources of the components in the examples of the invention and the comparative examples are as follows:
the excrement and the straw are derived from domestic waste of surrounding villagers;
the remaining components are commercially available.
The examples and comparative examples of the present invention were carried out in an experimental base contracted by the institute of agricultural research, national academy of sciences of Ningxia agriculture and forestry.
The rice variety used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention was "Fuyuan No. 4".
The method for planting rice in the embodiment and the comparative example of the invention is a rice transplanting method, 20 holes are formed in each square meter, 3 seedlings are inserted into each hole, and the experiment is set according to the amount of planting 1.4 ten thousand holes in each mu of land;
the experimental area of each example and comparative example was 2 acres.
In the embodiment and the comparative example, the average total grain number and the number of the solid grains of each ear are measured by a number method;
the thousand grain weight and the yield are measured by a weighing method, and the thousand grain weight is the weight obtained by measuring 1000 grains of rice;
measuring the brown rice rate, the polished rice rate, the chalky grain rate, the chalky degree and the crude protein content according to a method specified in NY/T83-2017;
the total selenium content in rice is determined according to the method specified in GB/T5009.93.
Example 1
Taking 50kg of cow dung, 30kg of corn straw, 30kg of soybean straw, 0.2kg of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum and 1.2kg of trichoderma microbial inoculum, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermentation material. Stacking and fermenting the fermented materials under the condition that the water content is 61%, keeping the central temperature of a fermentation pile between 30 and 60 ℃, turning the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 60 ℃, and laminating and preserving heat when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is lower than 30 ℃. And (5) stacking and fermenting the fermented material for 26d to obtain the decomposed organic material.
Adding 28kg of urea, 8kg of dicalcium phosphate, 10kg of diammonium phosphate, 12kg of potassium chloride, 3kg of potassium fulvate, 2kg of glutamic acid, 1.5kg of amino acid chelated zinc and 6kg of amino acid chelated selenium into the thoroughly decomposed organic material, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the special fertilizer for rice.
5d before rice transplanting, spreading the special fertilizer for rice into the rice field according to the amount of 60 kg/mu to be used as a base fertilizer; applying special fertilizer for rice in the amount of 8 kg/mu when the rice just enters the tillering stage; applying the special fertilizer for the rice according to the amount of 11 kg/mu when the rice just enters the heading-heavy period. The rest of the period is managed according to a conventional method.
When the rice is harvested, samples are randomly sampled from east, south, west, north, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest and the center part of the rice, and the average total grain number, fructification grain number, thousand grain weight and rice yield of each ear are measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
The brown rice rate, the polished rice rate, the chalky grain rate and the chalky degree of the rice are measured, and the crude protein content and the total selenium content of the rice are measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Example 2
56kg of chicken manure, 58kg of soybean straw, 0.25kg of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum and 1.75kg of trichoderma microbial inoculum are uniformly mixed to obtain the fermentation material. Stacking and fermenting the fermented materials under the condition that the water content is 62%, keeping the central temperature of a fermentation pile between 30 and 60 ℃, turning the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 60 ℃, and laminating and preserving heat when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is lower than 30 ℃. And accumulating and fermenting the fermented material for 30d to obtain the decomposed organic material.
Adding 30kg of urea, 10kg of dicalcium phosphate, 9kg of diammonium phosphate, 10kg of potassium chloride, 6kg of potassium fulvate, 1kg of glutamic acid, 2kg of amino acid chelated zinc and 5kg of amino acid chelated selenium into the thoroughly decomposed organic material, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the special fertilizer for rice.
6d before rice transplanting, spreading the special fertilizer for rice into the rice field according to the amount of 60 kg/mu as a base fertilizer; applying special fertilizer for rice in the amount of 9 kg/mu when the rice just enters the tillering stage; the special fertilizer for the rice is applied according to the amount of 12 kg/mu when the rice just enters the heading period. The rest of the period is managed according to a conventional method.
When the rice is harvested, samples are randomly sampled from east, south, west, north, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest and the center position of the rice, and the average total grain number, fructification grain number, thousand grain weight and rice yield of each ear are measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
The brown rice rate, the polished rice rate, the chalky grain rate and the chalky degree of the rice are measured, and the crude protein content and the total selenium content of the rice are measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Example 3
Taking 20kg of cow dung, 40kg of chicken manure, 50kg of corn straw, 0.3kg of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum and 2.4kg of trichoderma microbial inoculum, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermentation material. Stacking and fermenting the fermented materials under the condition that the water content is 65%, keeping the central temperature of a fermentation pile between 30 and 60 ℃, turning the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 60 ℃, and laminating and preserving heat when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is lower than 30 ℃. And (4) stacking and fermenting the fermented material for 28d to obtain the decomposed organic material.
Adding 26kg of urea, 9kg of dicalcium phosphate, 8kg of diammonium phosphate, 14kg of potassium chloride, 4kg of potassium fulvate, 1.5kg of glutamic acid, 1kg of amino acid chelated zinc and 3kg of amino acid chelated selenium into the thoroughly decomposed organic material, uniformly mixing, adding into a granulator, and granulating to obtain the special fertilizer for rice.
Spreading the special fertilizer for the rice into the rice field according to the amount of 58 kg/mu as a base fertilizer for use 7 days before rice transplanting; applying special fertilizer for rice in the amount of 10 kg/mu when the rice just enters the tillering stage; applying the special fertilizer for the rice according to the amount of 10 kg/mu when the rice just enters the heading-heavy period. The rest of the period is managed according to a conventional method.
When the rice is harvested, samples are randomly sampled from east, south, west, north, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest and the center position of the rice, and the average total grain number, fructification grain number, thousand grain weight and rice yield of each ear are measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
The brown rice rate, the polished rice rate, the chalky grain rate and the chalky degree of the rice are measured, and the crude protein content and the total selenium content of the rice are measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example was conducted in the same manner as in example 1, and unlike example 1, the fermented material of comparative example 1 was not subjected to stacking fermentation, but was directly mixed with the remaining materials and granulated to obtain a fertilizer.
The fertilizer of comparative example 1 was applied according to the application method of example 1. And when the rice is harvested, measuring the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear. The results are shown in Table 1.
The brown rice rate, the polished rice rate, the chalky grain rate and the chalky degree of the rice are measured, and the crude protein content and the total selenium content of the rice are measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was set up according to the method of example 1, and unlike example 1, this comparative example 2 replaced the amino acid chelated selenium of example 1 with sodium selenite. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And when the rice is harvested, measuring the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear. The results are shown in Table 1.
The brown rice rate, the polished rice rate, the chalky grain rate and the chalky degree of the rice are measured, and the crude protein content and the total selenium content of the rice are measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example was set up according to the method of example 1, and unlike example 1, this comparative example 3 replaced potassium fulvate with an equal amount of potassium chloride, and the remaining steps were the same as in example 1.
And when the rice is harvested, measuring the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear. The results are shown in Table 1.
The brown rice rate, the polished rice rate, the chalky grain rate and the chalky degree of the rice are measured, and the crude protein content and the total selenium content of the rice are measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example was set up according to the method of example 1, and unlike example 1, the fertilizer of comparative example 4 was prepared without adding glutamic acid, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And when the rice is harvested, measuring the average total grain number, the number of fructification grains, the thousand grain weight and the rice yield of each ear. The results are shown in Table 1.
The brown rice rate, the polished rice rate, the chalky grain rate and the chalky degree of the rice are measured, and the crude protein content and the total selenium content of the rice are measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 influence of different fertilizers on average total grain count, number of set grains and thousand grain weight of rice per ear
Table 1 shows that the average total grain number, setting rate, thousand-grain weight and rice yield of each ear of rice are obviously reduced after composting fermentation, replacement of potassium fulvate and removal of glutamic acid, which indicates that the growth performance of rice is influenced by the addition of the composting fermentation, the potassium fulvate and the glutamic acid. Table 1 also shows that the average total grain number, setting rate, thousand grain weight and rice yield of the rice are reduced less obviously after the sodium selenite replaces the amino acid chelated selenium, which indicates that the addition of the amino acid chelated selenium has little influence on the growth performance of the rice.
TABLE 2 influence of different fertilizers on various indexes in rice
Although the substitution of sodium selenite for the amino acid chelated selenium does not affect the rice yield, from table 2, the substitution of sodium selenite for the amino acid chelated selenium severely affects the selenium content in rice, which indicates that the amino acid chelated selenium is more suitable for being used as a rice selenium fertilizer.
According to the embodiments, the fertilizer special for rice, the preparation method and the application thereof are provided, and the fertilizer provided by the invention is used for rice planting, so that the yield of rice and the quality of rice can be obviously improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special fertilizer for rice is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
50-60 parts of excrement, 50-60 parts of straw, 1-3 parts of microbial agent, 26-30 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 8-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10-14 parts of potassium chloride, 3-6 parts of potassium fulvate, 1-2 parts of glutamic acid, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated zinc and 3-6 parts of amino acid chelated selenium.
2. The fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
52-58 parts of excrement, 52-58 parts of straw, 1.5-2.5 parts of microbial agent, 27-29 parts of urea, 8.5-9.5 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 8.5-9.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 11-13 parts of potassium chloride, 4-5 parts of potassium fulvate, 1.2-1.8 parts of glutamic acid, 1.2-1.8 parts of amino acid chelated zinc and 4-5 parts of amino acid chelated selenium.
3. The fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
55 parts of excrement, 55 parts of straw, 2 parts of microbial agent, 28 parts of urea, 9 parts of dicalcium phosphate, 9 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium chloride, 4.5 parts of potassium fulvate, 1.5 parts of glutamic acid, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated zinc and 4.5 parts of amino acid chelated selenium.
4. The fertilizer special for rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the manure is cow manure and/or chicken manure;
the straw is corn straw and/or soybean straw.
5. The fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the microbial agent is a Bacillus subtilis microbial agent and a Trichoderma microbial agent;
the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum to the trichoderma microbial inoculum in the microbial agent is 1: 6-8;
the viable count of each gram of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum is more than 200 hundred million;
the viable count of each gram of trichoderma is more than 10 hundred million.
6. The preparation method of the fertilizer special for rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing excrement, straw and a microbial agent to obtain a fermented material, and stacking and fermenting the fermented material for 26-30 days to obtain a decomposed organic material;
(2) mixing the decomposed organic material with urea, dicalcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium fulvate, glutamic acid, amino acid chelated zinc and amino acid chelated selenium, and granulating to obtain the special fertilizer for rice.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the water content of the fermentation material during stacking fermentation is 61-65%;
the central temperature of the fermentation pile during the stacking fermentation is 30-60 ℃;
turning over the fermentation pile immediately when the central temperature of the fermentation pile is greater than 60 ℃.
8. The application of the special fertilizer for rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-5 in improving rice yield and/or rice quality.
9. The application of the special rice fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the application method of the special rice fertilizer in improving rice yield and/or rice quality is as follows:
(1) 5-7 days before the rice is planted, the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer;
(2) the fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer in the tillering stage and the heading stage of rice.
10. The application of the special fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 9, wherein the fertilizing amount of the special fertilizer for rice as a base fertilizer is 58-60 kg/mu;
the fertilizing amount of the special rice fertilizer in the rice tillering period is 8-10 kg/mu;
the fertilizing amount of the special rice fertilizer in the heavy heading stage of rice is 10-12 kg/mu;
the application time of the special fertilizer for rice in the tillering stage of rice is just when the rice enters the tillering stage;
the application time of the special fertilizer for rice in the rice heading re-period is the time when the rice just enters the rice heading re-period.
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