CN114014599A - 一种吸音减震建筑材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种吸音减震建筑材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114014599A
CN114014599A CN202111469710.5A CN202111469710A CN114014599A CN 114014599 A CN114014599 A CN 114014599A CN 202111469710 A CN202111469710 A CN 202111469710A CN 114014599 A CN114014599 A CN 114014599A
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陶红雨
王丽佳
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Shaoxing University Yuanpei College
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
    • C04B14/062—Microsilica, e.g. colloïdal silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
    • C04B14/46—Rock wool ; Ceramic or silicate fibres
    • C04B14/4643—Silicates other than zircon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/38—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C04B24/383—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/40—Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium or other organo-metallic compounds; Organo-clays; Organo-inorganic complexes
    • C04B24/42—Organo-silicon compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0051—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity
    • C04B38/0061—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity closed porosity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/2038—Resistance against physical degradation
    • C04B2111/2046—Shock-absorbing materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
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Abstract

本发明属于建筑领域，具体涉及一种吸音减震建筑材料及其制备方法，包括如下原料：水泥、海泡石、纳米二氧化硅、甲基硅酸钠、聚苯乙烯、高取代羟丙基纤维素、丙酮和水。本发明利用海泡石纤维的具有独特的理化性能，它的比表面积高和孔隙率的特点，形成多孔体系；纳米二氧化硅在海泡石纤维软化情况下形成良好的掺杂，并利用纳米二氧化硅表现的羟基和海泡石纤维表面Si‑OH形成聚合效果，达到内固化，提升自身牢固强度。

Description

一种吸音减震建筑材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑领域，具体涉及一种吸音减震建筑材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
据世卫组织和欧盟合作研究中心发布的《噪音污染导致的疾病负担》显示，噪声污染不仅让人烦躁、睡眠差，更会引发或触发心脏病、学习障碍和耳鸣等疾病，进而减少人的寿命。另外，噪声还会加速建筑物、机械结构的老化，影响设备及仪表的精度和寿命。因此，人们对所处的建筑环境的有着较高的要求；在一些重要场所如音乐大厅、写字楼、体育馆和酒店等，这些人口密集场所对建筑隔音效果有着极高的要求。目前建筑隔音建筑材料多为在建筑材料内部填充一些能吸音或者隔音的材料，这类建筑材料存在成本高、吸音效果差的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明提供一种吸音减震建筑材料，利用海泡石纤维的具有独特的理化性能，它的比表面积高和孔隙率的特点，形成多孔体系；纳米二氧化硅在海泡石纤维软化情况下形成良好的掺杂，并利用纳米二氧化硅表现的羟基和海泡石纤维表面Si-OH形成聚合效果，达到内固化，提升自身牢固强度。
为实现以上技术目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种吸音减震建筑材料，包括如下原料：水泥、海泡石、纳米二氧化硅、甲基硅酸钠、聚苯乙烯、高取代羟丙基纤维素、丙酮和水。
所述建筑材料的质量比为：水泥10-20份、海泡石20-30份、纳米氧化硅3-8份、甲基硅酸钠4-8份、聚苯乙烯8-14份、高取代羟丙基纤维素3-8份、丙酮10-20份、水10-20份。
所述建筑材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤:
步骤1，将高取代羟丙基纤维素加入至丙酮内搅拌均匀形成分散液，搅拌速度为1000-2000r/min；然后将聚苯乙烯加入至分散液中超声分散至形成浆料，所述超声分散的温度为5-10℃，超声频率为40-90kHz；
步骤2，将海泡石加入至水中搅拌均匀形成均匀的悬浊液，然后将纳米二氧化硅加入并超声分散10-20min，烘干后得到混合粉料与蒸馏水；所述搅拌均匀的搅拌速度为100-200r/min，搅拌温度为60-80℃，所述超声分散的温度为50-80℃，超声频率为80-100kHz；烘干温度为120-150℃；
步骤3，将甲基硅酸钠加入至混合粉料内，静置20-30min，微波振荡60-80min，得到粘稠粉料，静置的温度为30-50℃，压力为0.3-0.5MPa；微波振荡的微波功率为400-600W，温度为30-50℃；
步骤4，将粘稠粉料与浆料混合，低温超声1-2h后恒温搅拌，然后加入水泥持续搅拌，烘干得到吸音减震材料，回收废气得到丙酮，低温超声的温10-20℃，频率为50-70kHz，恒温搅拌的温度为20-30℃，搅拌速度为100-200r/min，烘干温度为50-70℃。
一种吸音减震板，以水为溶解剂，以水泥为调和剂，以吸音减震建筑材料为减震材料，搅拌均匀后平铺压制得到吸音板，所述水、水泥和吸音减震建筑材料的质量比为10:4:2-7，搅拌速度为100-200r/min，平铺压制的温度为100-120℃，压制压力为0.7-1.3MPa。
从以上描述可以看出，本发明具备以下优点：
1.本发明利用海泡石纤维的具有独特的理化性能，它的比表面积高和孔隙率的特点，形成多孔体系；纳米二氧化硅在海泡石纤维软化情况下形成良好的掺杂，并利用纳米二氧化硅表现的羟基和海泡石纤维表面Si-OH形成聚合效果，达到内固化，提升自身牢固强度。
2.本发明利用甲基硅酸钠的硅醇基与海泡石辖内Si-OH形成脱水聚合，并能够与纳米二氧化硅的羟基形成稳定聚合，达到多维聚合效果，保持刚性与防水特性实现了海泡石纤维的稳定性，有助于甲基硅酸钠与水泥形成稳定的密封效果。
3.本发明利用聚苯乙烯与高取代羟丙基纤维素在丙酮的溶解性，能够形成良好的渗透性，将海泡石纤维形成保护，达到闭孔式海泡石纤维结构，达到闭孔式内孔减震吸音效果，同时聚苯乙烯的主链为饱和碳链，侧基为共轭苯环，使分子结构不规整，增大了分子的刚性，使PS成为非结晶性的线型聚合物，高频特性好。

Claims (8)

1.一种吸音减震建筑材料，其特征在于：包括如下原料：水泥、海泡石、纳米二氧化硅、甲基硅酸钠、聚苯乙烯、高取代羟丙基纤维素、丙酮和水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸音减震建筑材料，其特征在于：所述建筑材料的质量比为：水泥10-20份、海泡石20-30份、纳米氧化硅3-8份、甲基硅酸钠4-8份、聚苯乙烯8-14份、高取代羟丙基纤维素3-8份、丙酮10-20份、水10-20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸音减震建筑材料，其特征在于：所述建筑材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤:
步骤1，将高取代羟丙基纤维素加入至丙酮内搅拌均匀形成分散液，搅拌速度为1000-2000r/min；然后将聚苯乙烯加入至分散液中超声分散至形成浆料，所述超声分散的温度为5-10℃，超声频率为40-90kHz；
步骤2，将海泡石加入至水中搅拌均匀形成均匀的悬浊液，然后将纳米二氧化硅加入并超声分散10-20min，烘干后得到混合粉料与蒸馏水；；
步骤3，将甲基硅酸钠加入至混合粉料内，静置20-30min，微波振荡60-80min，得到粘稠粉料；
步骤4，将粘稠粉料与浆料混合，低温超声1-2h后恒温搅拌，然后加入水泥持续搅拌，烘干得到吸音减震材料，回收废气得到丙酮。
4.根据权利要求3所述的吸音减震建筑材料，其特征在于：所述步骤2中的搅拌均匀的搅拌速度为100-200r/min，搅拌温度为60-80℃，所述超声分散的温度为50-80℃，超声频率为80-100kHz；烘干温度为120-150℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的吸音减震建筑材料，其特征在于：所述步骤3中的静置的温度为30-50℃，压力为0.3-0.5MPa；微波振荡的微波功率为400-600W，温度为30-50℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的吸音减震建筑材料，其特征在于：所述步骤4中的低温超声的温10-20℃，频率为50-70kHz，恒温搅拌的温度为20-30℃，搅拌速度为100-200r/min，烘干温度为50-70℃。
7.一种吸音减震板，其特征在于：以水为溶解剂，以水泥为调和剂，以权利要求1-6任一一项所述的吸音减震建筑材料为减震材料，搅拌均匀后平铺压制得到吸音板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的吸音减震建筑材料，其特征在于：所述水、水泥和吸音减震建筑材料的质量比为10:4:2-7，搅拌速度为100-200r/min，平铺压制的温度为100-120℃，压制压力为0.7-1.3MPa。
CN202111469710.5A 2021-12-03 2021-12-03 一种吸音减震建筑材料及其制备方法 Pending CN114014599A (zh)

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CN108358532A (zh) * 2017-07-01 2018-08-03 太仓安托建筑材料有限公司 一种吸音新型建筑材料
CN112194426A (zh) * 2019-11-30 2021-01-08 高锦 高防水耐腐蚀混凝土的制备方法

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GB1563593A (en) * 1975-12-09 1980-03-26 Chiyoda Chem Eng Construct Co Catalysts for demtallization tretment of hydrocarbons supported on sepiolite
CN100575414C (zh) * 2007-09-18 2009-12-30 韩志同 墙体防水保温隔热微抹料
CN107840614A (zh) * 2017-11-21 2018-03-27 马鞍山松鹤信息科技有限公司 一种新型自保温混凝土板及其制作方法
CN108726951A (zh) * 2018-07-12 2018-11-02 安徽省绩溪县华宇防火滤料有限公司 一种外墙防火保温材料及其制备方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108358532A (zh) * 2017-07-01 2018-08-03 太仓安托建筑材料有限公司 一种吸音新型建筑材料
CN112194426A (zh) * 2019-11-30 2021-01-08 高锦 高防水耐腐蚀混凝土的制备方法

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