CN114010786A - 一种双重反义核酸协同光动力治疗三阴性乳腺癌的方法 - Google Patents
一种双重反义核酸协同光动力治疗三阴性乳腺癌的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双重反义核酸协同光动力治疗三阴性乳腺癌的方法,属于医药技术领域。本发明公开了一种双重反义寡核酸协同光动力治疗三阴性乳腺癌的纳米递送系统。该纳米递送系统将与光敏剂结合的反义寡核酸Ce6‑anti‑miR‑21和Ce6‑anti‑miR‑155负载到细胞中,在激光照射下产生大量细胞毒性ROS以有效诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡。结果表明,该纳米系统在激光照射下能有效抑制MDA‑MB‑231细胞的增殖和迁移,使细胞存活率和迁移率降低至40.7%和77%。为新型光敏药物开发提供了思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双重反义核酸协同光动力治疗三阴性乳腺癌的方法,属于医药技术领域。
背景技术
三阴性乳腺癌是严重威胁女性身体健康的恶性肿瘤之一。化疗仍是主要治疗手段。由于化疗药物选择性差、副作用大,并且肿瘤对药物已形成一定的耐药性。所以,提高治疗作用同时减少其副反应成为研究的一个重要方向。
近年来,基于miRNA的治疗方法得到了广泛的研究,并在肿瘤治疗方向显示出巨大的潜力。反义寡核苷酸疗法通过针对肿瘤相关基因,以一个全新的角度来探究是否有可能从根本治疗一些恶性肿瘤,已逐渐成为肿瘤治疗研究的热点。MiR-21和miR-155已被证明是三阴性乳腺癌中异常过表达的两种致癌基因,与肿瘤的增殖和迁移有关。光动力疗法(Photo Dynamic Therapy,PDT)作为一种新兴非手术肿瘤治疗手段正逐步应用于临床,其优势在于治疗位置精确,光敏剂能够选择性地累积于特定肿瘤部位并产生活性氧,在无光照及光敏剂的其他正常组织中,不会发生副作用,且能与其他多种治疗手段协同发挥作用。
目前,国内外乳腺癌的研究主要集中在化疗与其他多种治疗手段的联合治疗。但是,未见有研究反义寡核酸疗法与光动力疗法间的协同作用研究,阻碍了miRNA和PDT在癌症治疗中的应用。综上所述,由于反义寡核苷酸疗法和光动力疗法的低毒、有效性,进一步研究两者之间的协同作用将更加有助于癌症的治疗。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明申请人提供了一种双重反义核酸靶向miR-21和miR-155协同光动力疗法来治疗三阴性乳腺癌,本发明的目的是提供一种提高乳腺癌治疗效果的同时减少其副反应的应用,实现了一种新的乳腺癌治疗方法。本发明提供了一种双重反义核酸联合光动力治疗,对乳腺癌细胞生长的抑制效果比单独作用效果更好,具有协同治疗效果。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种具有靶向功能的纳米递送系统,所述纳米递送系统包含纳米材料ZIF-90、anti-miR-21、anti-miR-155和光敏剂;所述光敏剂位于anti-miR-21和anti-miR-155的5’末端。
在一种实施方式中,所述光敏剂包括但不限于二氢卟吩e6(Chlorin e6,Ce6)、脱镁叶绿酸a(Pheophorbide A)、BPMppa、mTHPC、叶绿素-a(Chl-a)、焦脱镁叶绿酸-a(Pyropheophorbide A,Ppa)、焦脱镁叶绿酸a己醚(HPPH)、单-天冬酰胺基二氢卟吩-e6(N-aspartyl chlorin e6,NPe6)。
在一种实施方式中,所述光敏剂为二氢卟吩e6(Chlorin e6,Ce6)。
在一种实施方式中,所述anti-miR-21的核苷酸序列为:AATCAACATCAGTCTGATAAGCTATT;anti-miR-155的核苷酸序列为:AAACCCCTATCACGATTAGCATTAA。
在一种实施方式中,所述纳米递送系统的表面修饰包括透明质酸或pluronicF68。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种光敏药物,所述光敏药物含有上述纳米递送系统。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种制备上述纳米递送系统的方法,所述方法为将光敏剂修饰到反义核酸的anti-miR-21和anti-miR-155的5’末端后与纳米材料ZIF-90在黑暗条件下混合孵育25~35min。
在一种实施方式中,所述anti-miR-21的核苷酸序列为:AATCAACATCAGTCTGATAAGCTATT;anti-miR-155的核苷酸序列为:AAACCCCTATCACGATTAGCATTAA。
在一种实施方式中,所述光敏剂包括但不限于二氢卟吩e6(Chlorin e6,Ce6)、脱镁叶绿酸a(Pheophorbide A)、BPMppa、mTHPC、叶绿素-a(Chl-a)、焦脱镁叶绿酸-a(Pyropheophorbide A,Ppa)、焦脱镁叶绿酸a己醚(HPPH)、单-天冬酰胺基二氢卟吩-e6(N-aspartyl chlorin e6,NPe6)。
在一种实施方式中,所述光敏剂为二氢卟吩e6(Chlorin e6,Ce6)。
在一种实施方式中,所述纳米递送系统还可以进行表面修饰,所述表面修饰包括透明质酸或pluronic F68。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种光动力治疗剂,所述光动力治疗剂的活性成分包含所述纳米递送系统或所述光敏药物。
本发明还保护所述纳米递送系统、所述光敏药物和所述光动力治疗剂在在制备预防、缓解和/或治疗三阴性乳腺癌药物中的应用。
在一种实施方式中,所述预防、缓解和/或治疗三阴性乳腺癌包括减小肿瘤的体积、抑制肿瘤的生长和增殖、降低肿瘤的质量、抑制肿瘤细胞的生成和转移。
在一种实施方式中,所述预防、缓解和/或治疗三阴性乳腺癌药物在应用时采用激光照射。
在一种实施方式中,所述激光为功率密度为0.5~1.0W/cm2的600~700nm激光。
本发明有益效果在于:
1、本发明选取三阴性乳腺癌中过表达的miR-21和miR-155为靶点,设计miR-21和miR-155的反义核酸anti-miR-21、anti-miR-155,并将光敏剂Ce6接入至两种反义核酸5’末端,再借助纳米材料ZIF-90将反义核酸与光敏剂同时递送到乳腺癌细胞内并与靶miRNA结合,沉默乳腺癌中高表达的两种miRNA。通过对纳米递送系统的表征,探究其进入细胞的可能性。同时进行细胞实验,验证反义核酸联合光动力对癌细胞的杀伤效果以及抑制细胞迁移的能力。在激光条件下,将MDA-MB-231细胞的存活率和迁移率降低至40.7%和50%。
2、本发明中的两条反义寡核酸可以同时沉默miR-21和miR-155,能够在一定程度上抑制癌细胞增殖,而联合光动力治疗效果更明显,细胞毒性ROS的含量大量产生,这一概念在癌症治疗或辅助治疗中具有一定的指导意义。
3、ZIF-90能够在弱酸性肿瘤细胞中有效负载anti-miRNA并释放核酸,Cy5-anti-miR-155在pH 5.6和pH 7.4下的最高累积释放量分别为70.4%和21.9%。根据本发明制备的纳米提送系统精准靶向乳腺癌细胞,且包裹有透明质酸,不会误伤正常细胞,相对化药治疗有效降低了毒副作用,更加的安全温和。
附图说明
图1为纳米递送系统的表征结果示意图。(A)ZIF-90和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的TEM图像;(B)ZIF-90和模拟ZIF-90的XRD图谱;(C)ZIF-90和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的zeta电位和(D)尺寸分布;(E)用不同浓度的ZIF-90孵育MDA-MB-231细胞的相对活力。
图2为Ce6-anti-miR-21和Ce6-anti-miR-155在ZIF-90纳米粒子上的荷载量以及不同pH条件下的释放能力的示意图。(A)ZIF-90对anti-miR-21和(B)anti-miR-155的荧光猝灭能力;(C)在pH 5.6(红色)和pH 7.4(黑色)PBS溶液中ZIF-90释放anti-miR-21和(D)anti-miR-155的示意图。
图3为MDA-MB-231细胞存活率的结果示意图。(A)用ZIF-90,ZIF-90@Ce6-anti-miRNAs(未光照和光照)孵育的MDA-MB-231细胞的相对细胞存活率;(B)ZIF-90,不同浓度的ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)(未光照和光照)孵育的相对细胞存活率;(C)ZIF-90,ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)@HA(未光照和光照)和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)@F68(未光照和光照)与MDA-MB-231细胞孵育的相对细胞存活率。
图4为用ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)(anti-miRNAs浓度:180nM)培养的MDA-MB-231细胞的CLSM图像。
图5为ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)培养后,MDA-MB-231细胞内miR-21和miR-155的表达以及活性氧生成量的示意图。(A)qRT-PCR检测miR-21的表达水平和(B)miR-155的表达水平;(C)不同浓度ZIF-90@Ce6-anti-miRNAs孵育后,通过660nm激光照射处理的MDA-MB-231细胞中单线态氧的荧光显微图像。
图6为MDA-MB-231细胞的活死细胞结果示意图。在与新鲜培养基,ZIF-90,ZIF-90@(21+155),ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155),ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)@HA共培养,通过660nm激光照射处理的MDA-MB-231细胞的Calcein-AM/PI染色图片。
图7为ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)光照处理MDA-MB-231细胞的迁移结果示意图。(A)细胞迁移示意图;(B)相对细胞迁移率。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1:ZIF-90和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的制备与表征
(1)配制ZIF-90
将0.6758g咪唑-2-甲醛溶于40mL DMSO中,搅拌混合物直至完全溶解。向其中加入0.3mL吡啶溶液并充分搅拌。精确称量80mg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinyl pyrrolidone,PVP)加入上述溶液中搅拌5分钟,配制成2-ICA溶液;同时将0.2618g(CH3COO)2Zn完全溶于40mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-Dimethylformamide,DMF)中,配制成锌离子溶液。之后,将锌离子溶液快速加入到2-ICA溶液中,并将反应在37℃下搅拌过夜。用超纯水洗涤溶液三次(12000rpm,30分钟)以除去有机溶剂,然后真空干燥并静置。
(2)配制ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)
向1.5mL的棕色EP管中依次加入Ce6-anti-miR-21,Ce6-anti-miR-155和步骤(1)制备的ZIF-90,用超纯水补到100μL,混合液中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,Ce6-anti-miR-21的终浓度为90nM,Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度为90nM。黑暗中常温放置30分钟获得ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)。
采用同样的方法,向1.5mL的棕色EP管中分别加入Ce6-anti-miR-21、Ce6-anti-miR-155和步骤(1)制备的ZIF-90,用超纯水补到100μL,混合液中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,Ce6-anti-miR-21的终浓度为90nM,Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度为90nM。黑暗中常温放置30分钟,获得ZIF-90@Ce6-21和ZIF-90@Ce6-155。实验所用反义核酸序列如下:
表1 实验所用核酸序列
(3)验证ZIF-90和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)
ZIF-90和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的粒径和zeta电位使用马尔文粒度仪测量。通过X-射线衍射仪分析晶体结构。用透射电子显微镜观察纳米颗粒的形态。
如图1所示,通过透射电子显微镜拍摄可以观察到ZIF-90和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)分布均匀且形状规则,ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的表面变得明显模糊并且粒径略大。通过XRD验证ZIF-90的晶体结构,ZIF-90的出峰位与模拟光谱的峰位一致,表明成功合成ZIF-90纳米粒子。动态光散射(DLS)检测表明ZIF-90的水合粒径为205nm,zeta电位为+12.7mV,ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的水合粒径为241nm,zeta电位为-4.36mV。因为anti-miRNAs带负电,所以anti-miR-21和anti-miR-155的负载将带正电的ZIF-90转变为带负电的ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155),进一步表明Ce6-anti-miR-21和Ce6-anti-miR-155成功加载到ZIF-90的表面。
(4)ZIF-90纳米材料的合理使用量研究
将MDA-MB-231细胞以1x104细胞/孔的密度接种到96孔板中,孵育24h(37℃,5%CO2)。用移液枪除去96孔板中的培养基,再将100μL新鲜培养基稀释的ZIF-90纳米粒子分散液(终浓度为0μg/mL、20μg/mL、40μg/mL、60μg/mL、80μg/mL、100μg/mL、120μg/mL、140μg/mL、160μg/mL、180μg/mL、200μg/mL、220μg/mL、240μg/mL),每个浓度设置三个复孔,继续37℃孵育48h。孵育完成后,移除ZIF-90纳米粒子分散液,并加入100μL新鲜培养基(DMEM,10%FBS)和10μL MTT溶液(5mg/mL),继续37℃孵育4h。随后,添加100μL MTT Buffer,孵育过夜,使用酶标仪上记录每个孔在570nm的光密度值(Optical dnsity,OD)。每次实验重复三次,以0μgZIF-90纳米粒子分散液处理孔为阳性对照孔。细胞存活率计算公式如下:
其中,ODtreated.ODcontrol分别为样品孔、阳性对照孔的吸光度值。
从图1E中可以看出,当ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL时,MDA-MB-231细胞的存活率仍能达到80%。即,ZIF-90终浓度低于200μg/mL,均在合理的使用范围。考虑到反义核酸的负载量,选择ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL进行接下来的实验。
实施例2:Anti-miR-21/anti-miR-155的负载和释放
由实施例1可知,ZIF-90是负载反义核酸进入MDA-MB-231细胞的最高浓度,借此探究其荷载量以及释放。
(1)反义核酸的吸附能力
将终浓度为140nM至240nM不同荧光基团修饰的两种anti-miRNA(FAM-anti-miR-21,Cy5-anti-miR-155)分别与ZIF-90混合,并用TE缓冲液稀释,使混合液中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL。混合物在黑暗中常温放置30分钟。通过酶标仪检测460nm和625nm处的荧光强度。
如图2A所示,当FAM-anti-miR-21浓度达到200nM时,荧光强度增强,FAM-anti-miR-21在ZIF-90上的吸附已达到饱和状态,并且已有一部分anti-miRNAs不能被吸附到ZIF-90的表面,在溶液中游离。而180nM的FAM-anti-miR-21能够被完全吸附。Cy5-anti-miR-155在ZIF-90上的负载量从图2B中可以看出,当Cy5-anti-miR-155浓度从200nM到220nM,荧光强度急剧增强。因此,ZIF-90上负载的anti-miR-155的量可以选择为200nM。然而,为了满足ZIF-90以1:1的摩尔比同时递送两种anti-miRNAs到细胞中,选择负载在ZIF-90上的anti-miRNAs的浓度为180nM。
(2)反义核酸的释放
动态透析法探索两种anti-miRNAs在不同pH(pH 7.4和pH 5.5)的PBS缓冲液中的体外药物释放。1mLZIF-90@FAM-anti-miR-21和ZIF-90@Cy5-anti-miR-155分别放入透析袋(截留分子量:10kDa)中,然后将透析袋分别置于30mL PBS缓冲液中,在37℃,100r/min摇床上缓慢振荡以释放核酸。根据设定的时间点(0,0.5,1,2,4,6,8,10,12,24,36,48,72,96,120h),吸取3mL透析液(即透析袋外的PBS缓冲液),再补加相同体积和pH的PBS缓冲液。取样后,通过酶标仪测试收集样品的荧光值。累计核酸释放量计算公式如下:
其中,V0为PBS的总体积,Fn为第n次取样时的荧光强度,Ve为每次取样的体积,Ftotal为加入的核酸的总荧光值。
如图2所示,在pH值为5.6的情况下,FAM-anti-miR-21在前24h快速释放,证明ZIF-90有敏捷的酸敏感性,可以快速释放反义核酸,最终经过120h后,累计释放量达82.6%。而在pH7.4的PBS缓冲液中,反义核酸最终累计释放量只有24.7%。Cy5-anti-miR-155在pH5.6和pH 7.4下的最高累积释放量分别为70.4%和21.9%。因此可以证明ZIF-90能够在弱酸性肿瘤细胞中有效负载anti-miRNA并释放核酸。
实施例3:纳米递送系统对MDA-MB-231细胞的毒性
通过MTT法测定不同纳米递送系统的细胞杀伤效果。
(1)细胞培养
在超净工作台中,弃去MDA-MB-231细胞培养瓶中培养液,并加入2-3mL PBS缓冲液,洗涤2次。然后加入2-3mL 0.25%胰蛋白酶消化液静置1-2分钟。随后向培养瓶中加入3-4mL新鲜培养基以停止消化。吸取细胞悬液至离心管中,以800rpm离心4min,弃去上清,加入3-5mL新鲜培养基重悬。将盖玻片轻放在血球计数板上,用移液枪吸取10μL细胞悬液沿盖玻片缓慢加入,在显微镜下以低倍镜进行观察计数。计数完成后,以每孔100μL,终密度为1×104个细胞/孔,接种于96孔细胞培养板中继续培养。
(2)不同纳米递送系统的细胞毒性
向1.5mL的棕色EP管中加入Ce6-anti-miR-21和Ce6-anti-miR-155和实施例1步骤(1)制备的ZIF-90,用新鲜培养基混合均匀,黑暗中常温放置30分钟,获得ZIF-90@Ce6-21、ZIF-90@Ce6-155和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)。
当细胞密度达到80%-90%时,用移液管吸出96孔板中的培养液,并将预先制备的ZIF-90,ZIF-90@Ce6-21、ZIF-90@Ce6-155和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)分别加入对应的孔中,使培养基中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,ZIF-90@Ce6-21对应孔中的Ce6-anti-miR-21的终浓度为180nM,ZIF-90@Ce6-155对应孔中的Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度为180nM,ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)对应孔中的Ce6-anti-miR-21和Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度分别为90nM。对于Ce6-anti-miRNAs递送系统的暗毒性和光毒性研究,在该96孔板上设计了两组。将一组细胞在黑暗中培养48小时。另一组细胞培养24小时后,用功率密度为0.75W/cm2的660nm激光照射8分钟,继续37℃孵育24小时。之后,向每个孔中加入10μL MTT溶液。放入细胞培养箱中继续培养4h后,每孔再加入100μL MTT buffer,放入细胞培养箱中过夜培养,用酶标仪在570nm波长处测量各孔的吸光值。
如图3A所示,ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)组的治疗效果优于anti-miR-155或anti-miR-21单独作用。该结果表明使用anti-miRNAs同时捕获两种miRNA起协同治疗作用,对MDA-MB-231细胞产生毒性。与PDT联合治疗后,MDA-MB-231细胞存活率降至50.0%,治疗效果与未照射组(存活率80%以上)明显不同,对乳腺癌细胞生长的抑制效果达到最好。
(3)不同浓度ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的细胞毒性
根据Ce6-anti-miRNAs的总浓度为60nM,120nM和180nM,在96孔板上设计了Ce6-anti-miRNAs的浓度依赖性实验。
当细胞密度达到80%-90%时,用移液管吸出96孔板中的培养液,并将预先制备的100μLZIF-90和不同Ce6-anti-miRNAs总浓度的ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)分别加入对应的孔中,,使培养基中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,总浓度为60nM,120nM和180nM的Ce6-anti-miRNAs的ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)对应孔中的Ce6-anti-miR-21和Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度分别为30、60、90nM。
对于Ce6-anti-miRNAs递送系统的暗毒性和光毒性研究,一组细胞在黑暗中培养48小时;另一组细胞培养24小时后,用功率密度为0.75W/cm2的660nm激光照射8分钟,继续孵育24小时。之后,向每个孔中加入10μL MTT溶液。放入培养箱中继续培养4h后,每孔再加入100μL MTT buffer,过夜培养,用酶标仪在570nm波长处测量各孔的吸光值。
图3B显示在未照射组和照射组中MDA-MB-231细胞的存活率以剂量依赖性方式降低,表明ZIF-90纳米递送系统可以有效地加载双重反义核酸以实现对细胞生长的抑制作用。
(4)表面修饰后ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的细胞毒性
向1.5mL的棕色EP管中加入Ce6-anti-miR-21、Ce6-anti-miR-155和实施例1步骤(1)制备的ZIF-90,用新鲜培养基补到100μL,黑暗中常温放置30分钟,获得ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)。
然后加入与ZIF-90相同质量的4mg/mL透明质酸或pluronic F68溶液,黑暗中常温放置10分钟,获得ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)@HA和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)@F68,使混合液中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,Ce6-anti-miR-21的终浓度为90nM,Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度为90nM。。
通过MTT研究了表面修饰透明质酸和pluronic F68的ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)的细胞毒性。在96孔板上设计了三组实验,即纳米表面未改性,纳米表面改性透明质酸和pluronic F68。对于纳米递送系统的暗毒性和光毒性研究,一组细胞在黑暗中培养48小时。另一组细胞培养24小时后,用功率密度为0.75W/cm2的660nm激光照射8分钟,继续孵育24小时。之后,向每个孔中加入10μL MTT溶液。放入培养箱中继续培养4h后,每孔再加入100μLMTT buffer,过夜培养,用酶标仪在570nm波长处测量各孔的吸光值。
如图3C所示,pluronic F68修饰后的存活率为49.5%,不如透明质酸修饰后的存活率,修饰透明质酸的ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)在激光照射下对MDA-MB-231细胞引起更显着的毒性,细胞活力降至40.8%。
实施例4:MDA-MB-231细胞对纳米递送系统的摄取
通过激光共聚焦显微镜拍摄不同发射波长下细胞内核酸的分布情况。
(1)配制样品
向1.5mL的棕色EP管中加入FAM-anti-miR-21、Cy5-anti-miR-155和实施例1步骤(1)制备的ZIF-90,用无血清DMEM混合均匀,黑暗中常温放置30分钟,获得ZIF-90@(FAM-21+Cy5-155)。
为了方便定位,FAM-anti-miR-21、Cy5-anti-miR-155用于实验。在专用的培养皿中加入1mL密度为1x105个/mL的MDA-MB-231细胞,在培养箱中孵育直至细胞充分贴壁。弃去培养基将ZIF-90@(FAM-21+Cy5-155)与MDA-MB-231细胞用无血清DMEM共培养1、2、4h,培养基中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,FAM-anti-miR-21的终浓度为90nM,Cy5-anti-miR-155的终浓度为90nM。
(2)细胞处理
培养结束后,弃去上清,加入1mL pH 7.4的PBS并置于200r/min的摇床上洗涤三次,每次6min以充分除去残留在孔板中的纳米递送系统,然后加入1mL4%的多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞。15min后,弃去上清,加入1mL PBS并置于的摇床上洗三次,每次6min以除去残留的多聚甲醛。随后加入500μL DAPI染色液,15min后完成细胞核的染色,弃去上清,加入1mLPBS并置于的摇床上洗三次,每次6min以除去残留的DAPI染色液。洗涤完成后每皿加入1mLPBS放于4℃冰箱中避光保存。样品使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察MDA-MB-231细胞对纳米递送系统的摄取效果以及不同发射波长下细胞内核酸的分布情况。
(3)数据分析
从图4中可以观察到,在孵育1小时后几乎观察不到细胞内FAM和Cy5荧光信号。然而,随着培养时间延长到6小时,荧光信号明显增强,表明ZIF-90负载反义核酸被细胞内吞,FAM-anti-miR-21和Cy5-anti-miR-155随着时间的延长逐渐被释放出来。
实施例5:细胞内miR-21和miR-155的表达以及ROS的生成
(1)提取细胞内的总RNA
向1.5mL的棕色EP管中加入Ce6-anti-miR-21、Ce6-anti-miR-155和实施例1步骤(1)制备的ZIF-90,用无血清DMEM混合均匀,黑暗中常温放置30分钟,获得ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)。
将细胞密度调整到1×105个/mL,在6孔板的每个孔中分别加入2mL细胞悬液,孵育24h,将ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)纳米递送系统与细胞培养液混合加入6孔板中,使细胞培养液中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,Ce6-anti-miR-21的终浓度为90nM,Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度为90nM。将6孔板置于细胞培养箱孵育48h,Trizol法提取细胞内的总RNA,在分光光度计上测定RNA的含量和纯度。
(2)配制反转录反应体系
在无RNase的0.2mL试管中,加入以下试剂:
表2 miRNA反转录体系
混合完成后,放入PCR仪中,在37℃下孵育1h,85℃,5min,拿出反应好的样品,加入90μL ddH2O补齐到100μL,放入冰箱备用。
(3)制备q-PCR反应体系
表3 miRNA Real-Time PCR反应体系
具体程序设置如下:90℃,10s→95℃,5s;60℃,20s(40cycle)→95℃,60s;55℃,30s;95℃,30s。取三个平行实验的平均值,计算miRNA的相对表达量。
(4)ROS的检测
将细胞密度调整到1×105个/mL,在24孔板的每个孔中分别加入0.1mL细胞悬液,培养箱孵育48h后,分别加入无血清DMEM稀释的ZIF-90,ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)继续孵育12h,使细胞培养液中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,Ce6-anti-miR-21的终浓度为90nM,Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度为90nM。然后用ROS检测试剂盒检测其产生ROS的能力,详细操作如下:用PBS洗净孔板里残留的培养基,置于200r/min的摇床上洗涤3次,每次6min,洗涤时注意避光。随后用无血清DMEM稀释活性氧荧光探针DCFH-DA使其浓度为10μM,每孔细胞加入400μL,放于培养箱中共孵育20min后用无血清培养基避光洗涤DCFH-DA,置于200r/min的摇床上洗涤3次,每次6min,再用激光照射24孔板,照射参数条件为660nm,8min,0.75w/cm2,随后用荧光显微镜FITC通道观察ROS的产生情况。
(5)数据分析
如图5A,5B所示,miR-21和miR-155表达水平分别降到35%和46%。结果表明,ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)处理组的miR-21和miR-155水平低于对照组。
图5C证实活性氧的产生随着光敏剂浓度的增加而增加。随着Ce6-anti-miRNAs浓度的增加,荧光显微镜观察到的绿色荧光呈浓度依赖性增加。也就是说,ZIF-90纳米粒子成功地将Ce6-anti-miR-21和Ce6-anti-miR-155携带到MDA-MB-231细胞内,并且Ce6在激光照射下产生大量细胞毒性ROS。
实施例6:纳米递送系统处理后MDA-MB-231细胞的活死情况
采用Calcein-AM/PI双染色法进一步直观测定ZIF-90@Ce6-anti-miRNAs的细胞杀伤作用。
(1)Calcein-AM/PI染色
向1.5mL的棕色EP管中加入Ce6-anti-miR-21、Ce6-anti-miR-155和实施例1步骤(1)制备的ZIF-90,用无血清DMEM混合均匀,黑暗中常温放置30分钟,获得ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)。
将MDA-MB-231细胞在12孔板中以1×105个细胞/孔的密度培养24小时。用1mL新鲜培养基稀释的ZIF-90,ZIF-90@(21+155),ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155),ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)@HA代替原先培养基,使培养基中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,ZIF-90@(21+155)对应孔中的anti-miR-21和anti-miR-155的终浓度分别为90nM,ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)和ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)@HA对应孔中的Ce6-anti-miR-21和Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度分别为90nM。与细胞共培养24小时后,使用660nm激光以0.75W/cm2的功率照射8分钟,然后继续培养24小时。Calcein-AM/PI染色后在荧光显微镜下观察。
(2)数据分析
从图6中可以看出,只用新鲜培养基处理的对照组,几乎没有观察到细胞死亡(红色染料),而ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)处理组比ZIF-90@(21+155)组有更多细胞死亡。更重要的是,在HA修饰的ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)处理组中,大多数细胞已被杀死并丧失正常形态。这些结果表明纳米递送系统在体外抗肿瘤治疗中表现良好。
实施例7:Transwell法检测MDA-MB-231细胞迁移
(1)Transwell细胞培养
在24孔板中加入500μL的培养基,将Transwell小室放入24孔板中,在小室中打入100μL的细胞,每个小室的细胞为1×105个,待细胞完全贴壁后,加入500μL不同载药体系ZIF-90@Ce6-anti-miRNAs,使培养基中ZIF-90终浓度为200μg/mL,总浓度为90nM和180nM的Ce6-anti-miRNAs的ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)对应孔中的Ce6-anti-miR-21和Ce6-anti-miR-155的终浓度分别为30、90nM。。
(2)染色
孵育24h后,将培养基吸出,用PBS缓冲液洗涤三遍,在小室内外分别加入细胞组织固定液,固定时间为30min,将固定液吸出,用PBS洗去残留的固定液,用结晶紫染色,小室内外分别加入500μL结晶紫,染色时间为30min,用PBS缓冲液除去残留的结晶紫。将小室放入显微镜下取随机视野拍照,每孔加入1mL的33%冰醋酸溶解结晶紫,测570nm处的吸光度。
(3)数据分析
如图7所示,低浓度ZIF-90@anti-miRNAs抑制迁移的能力较差。相比之下,高浓度的ZIF-90@anti-miRNAs抑制大多数细胞迁移。而ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)显示出对细胞迁移最显著的抑制,相对迁移率为50%。细胞相对迁移率同样证明了ZIF-90@(Ce6-21+Ce6-155)抑制MDA-MB-231细胞迁移的优异组合效应。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有靶向功能的纳米递送系统,其特征在于,所述纳米递送系统包含纳米材料ZIF-90、miR-21反义寡核酸链、miR-155反义寡核酸链和光敏剂;所述光敏剂位于anti-miR-21和anti-miR-155的5’末端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米递送系统,其特征在于,所述miR-21反义寡核酸链的核苷酸序列为:AATCAACATCAGTCTGATAAGCTATT;miR-155反义寡核酸链为:AAACCCCTATCACGATTAGCATTAA。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米递送系统,其特征在于,所述光敏剂包括但不限于二氢卟吩e6、脱镁叶绿酸a、BPMppa、mTHPC、叶绿素-a、焦脱镁叶绿酸-a、焦脱镁叶绿酸a己醚、单-天冬酰胺基二氢卟吩-e6。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米递送系统,其特征在于,所述纳米递送系统的表面修饰包括透明质酸或pluronic F68。
5.一种含有权利要求1~4任一所述的纳米递送系统的光敏药物。
6.一种制备权利要求1~4任一所述纳米递送系统的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为将光敏剂修饰到miR-21反义寡核酸链和miR-155反义寡核酸链的5’末端后与纳米材料ZIF-90在黑暗条件下混合孵育25~35min。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述miR-21反义寡核酸链的核苷酸序列为:AATCAACATCAGTCTGATAAGCTATT;miR-155反义寡核酸链为:AAACCCCTATCACGATTAGCATTAA。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光敏剂包括但不限于二氢卟吩e6、脱镁叶绿酸a、BPMppa、mTHPC、叶绿素-a、焦脱镁叶绿酸-a、焦脱镁叶绿酸a己醚、单-天冬酰胺基二氢卟吩-e6。
9.一种光动力治疗剂,其特征在于,所述光动力治疗剂的活性成分包含权利要求1~4任一所述纳米递送系统或权利要求5所述光敏药物。
10.权利要求1~4任一所述纳米递送系统、权利要求5所述光敏药物或权利要求9所述光动力治疗剂在在制备预防、缓解和/或治疗三阴性乳腺癌药物中的应用。
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