CN113999599A - 一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113999599A CN113999599A CN202111185861.8A CN202111185861A CN113999599A CN 113999599 A CN113999599 A CN 113999599A CN 202111185861 A CN202111185861 A CN 202111185861A CN 113999599 A CN113999599 A CN 113999599A
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- silica sol
- coating
- polyurethane
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- antifogging coating
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水性聚氨酯‑硅溶胶防雾涂料及其制备方法和应用。本发明先用多羟基封端剂对丙酮法合成的预聚物进行封端,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;接着与带有异氰酸酯基的硅烷偶联剂进行化学键合反应得到端羟基有机硅‑聚氨酯预聚物;然后进行中和反应并乳化得到的水性聚氨酯乳液,最后与硅溶胶、固化剂进行搅拌混合,得到水性聚氨酯‑硅溶胶防雾涂料。该水性聚氨酯‑硅溶胶防雾涂料在高温下可形成具有较高透明度和防雾时效较持久的光滑涂层,该涂层具有透明、耐磨和耐水的显著特点。同时,该合成方法简单,合成工艺绿色环保,且VOC含量低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水性涂料技术领域,具体涉及一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
眼镜、浴室镜子、汽车挡风玻璃、温室大棚的聚合物膜、护目镜以及手术用的内窥视镜等这些透明材料,在日常生活中常常会遇到起雾现象。当基材和所处的环境间出现较大的温差,且基材表面的温度低于环境中水蒸气的露点时,会造成水蒸气在基材表面凝结成水滴;水滴的存在会发生光散射、折射现象,这不仅影响了透明材料的透明性,还会给生活、工作和生产带来极大的不便,甚至会导致危险。因此,解决起雾问题是此背景下的一大热点,对于防雾技术的研究也越来越受关注。
目前,防雾技术主要有两大类,第一类是通过物理方法防雾(如电加热、蚀刻法等),但因该方法耗能高、造价贵等问题限制了其应用;第二类是通过化学改性基材表面的润湿性来控制其防雾性能,如制备可涂覆至基材表面的亲/疏水性涂料。疏水性防雾涂层是使基材表面上微小液滴融合成大液滴并从基材表面滚落,最终会留下不规则的水痕,从而影响了基材的透光性;相反,亲水性防雾涂层促使微小液滴迅速铺展成均匀且透明的水膜,从而减少了光的散射等问题。因此,开发亲水性防雾涂料是目前防雾技术领域的重点之一。
传统的防雾剂一般由表面活性剂组成。如专利WO 201677698(国际申请,英)中报道了将阴离子型表面活性剂和非离子型表面活性剂结合并涂敷于塑料或玻璃基材表面,以提高基材表面亲水性,从而达到提高其防雾性能的目的。有机高分子聚合物因其分子结构中含有大量的亲水基团,使得涂层具有一定的亲水性,从而达到防雾效果。专利公布号为CN109666119A的专利报道了通过带有羟基、羧基和磺酸基等基团的丙烯酸单体之间的聚合,得到具有防雾性能的亲水性聚丙烯酸酯涂料,但是该亲水性防雾涂层还需通过添加表面活性剂提高其防雾性能。同样,申请号为JP 2011140589的专利申请报道了由含有磺酸基的乙烯基单体和烷基丙烯酸酯单体为结构单元,聚合组成耐刷洗的亲水性丙烯酸酯涂料,但后续配制中仍需加入表面活性剂增加其防雾性。
有机高分子聚合物涂层虽有良好的防雾效果,但因表面活性剂的加入只是简单的物理混合,存在不能牢固的附于涂层、稳定性不好及持久性差等问题。再者,防雾涂料所形成的涂层的透明性很少被提及,而在实际应用中,防雾涂层被施加至透明基材上,固化后所得的涂层透明性对基材有直接影响,且不少亲水性防雾涂料的合成是溶剂型,因此开发合成过程绿色环保、挥发性有机物(VOC)含量低的路径也是目前化学工艺的关注点之一。
发明内容
针对防雾涂料的涂层内部结合不牢固、不稳定、持久性差及常含高VOC等问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料及其制备方法和应用。本发明先用多羟基封端剂对丙酮法合成的预聚物进行封端,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;接着,与异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂进行化学键合反应得到末端既有羟基又有硅氧烷的端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物;然后将其进行中和乳化得到的水性聚氨酯乳液与硅溶胶、固化剂进行搅拌混合,即得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。本发明的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料不仅具有合成方法简单、绿色环保、涂料稳定性良好及低VOC等优点,而且在高温条件下与固化剂可以形成具有较高透明度和防雾时效较持久的防雾涂层,该涂层在日常生活较温和的环境下具有较好的应用前景。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将二异氰酸酯加入到第一类聚多元醇和第二类聚多元醇中,在催化剂作用下进行聚合反应,依次加入羧酸型亲水扩链剂和多羟基封端剂后进行预聚合反应,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;
(2)将异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂添加到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物中进行化学键合反应,得到末端既有羟基又有硅氧烷的端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物;
(3)将端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物和三乙胺混合进行中和反应,得到聚氨酯预聚物,再与水混合分散,得到水性聚氨酯乳液;
(4)将硅溶胶、固化剂和水性聚氨酯乳液混合,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
步骤(1)中所述第一类聚多元醇为含酯基或碳酸酯基聚多元醇、聚氧化丙烯多元醇和聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇中的至少一种,优选聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇和聚己二酸醇酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇和聚丙二醇中的至少一种;第二类聚多元醇为聚乙二醇。
优选的,第一类聚多元醇为聚丙二醇(PPG)-2000、聚碳酸酯二醇(PCDL)-2000、聚己二酸1,4-丁二醇酯(PBA)-2000、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇(PHA)-2000、聚己内酯二醇(PCL)-2000和聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG)-2000中的一种或两种,进一步优选PPG-2000、PCL-2000和PHA-2000中的一种或两种;所述第二类聚多元醇为分子量400~1000的聚乙二醇(PEG)中的一种或两种,进一步优选PEG-400和PEG-600中的一种或两种;所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)中的一种或两种,优选IPDI;所述羧酸型亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸和二羟甲基丁酸中的一种或者两种,优选二羟甲基丙酸;所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡或有机铋催化剂,优选二月桂酸二丁基锡;所述多羟基封端剂为季戊四醇和三羟甲基氨基甲烷中的一种或两种,优选季戊四醇。
所述的第一类聚多元醇与第二类聚多元醇的质量比为60~90∶10~40,优选70~80∶20~30;所述第一类聚多元醇与第二类聚多元醇的质量总和占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的50~60%,优选55%。
所述的羧酸型亲水扩链剂占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的1~7%,优选4%;所述二异氰酸酯和多羟基封端剂的加入量使水性聚氨酯体系R值(即NCO/OH)保持在1.00~1.15,优选1.00~1.05。
所述二异氰酸酯的加入量占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的20~35%,优选25~30%。
步骤(1)所述预聚合反应后视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。所述步骤(1)还加入了小分子交联剂,其占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的0~1%,优选0.5%。
所述小分子交联剂为三羟甲基乙烷(TME)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)中的一种或两种,优选TMP。
优选的,步骤(1)所述聚合反应为在80~90℃下反应2~2.5h,预聚合反应为80~90℃下反应2~2.5h。
步骤(2)中所述异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂为3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷(IPTES)。
所述的异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的5~7%,优选5%。
优选的,步骤(2)所述化学键合反应为在60~65℃下反应3~4h。
优选的,步骤(3)所述中和反应为在25~45℃下反应20min~30min。
优选的,三乙胺中和剂的加入量应使得羧酸型亲水扩链剂中和度为100%(即三乙胺∶羧酸型亲水扩链剂=1∶1,摩尔比),水的加入量使得水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量约为18~25%,优选21%。步骤(4)所述硅溶胶为氨基型硅溶胶,与聚氨酯体系有很好的相容性,包括科翰硅制品有限公司的KHJN-1430、百特新材料公司的S-1430中的一种或两种;
所述固化剂为活性封闭型脂肪族聚异氰酸酯或氨基树脂,包括科思创的BL XP2706(封闭型NCO含量为8.2%)或CYMEL303(六亚甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺树脂,固含量98%)。
所述的硅溶胶与水性聚氨酯乳液的质量比为3~10∶10,优选5~6.67∶10;所述的固化剂与水性聚氨酯乳液的质量比为0.1~1.5∶10。
一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的应用,其特征在于,将所述水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料涂覆于基材板上,然后再调节温度至120~150℃固化1~3h,得到防雾涂层。
优选的,所述基材板为PC基材板。
本发明中3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷的理论结构式为:
在本发明中,第二类聚多元醇即聚乙二醇含有醚键(C-O-C),能使整个大分子链具有亲水性,与羧酸型亲水扩链剂协同提供端羟基聚氨酯预聚物的亲水性;端羟基聚氨酯预聚物的-OH官能团为引入异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂提供了反应位点;异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂的乙氧基在水存在的条件下一部分会发生分子间脱水缩合,一部分与硅溶胶之间发生脱水缩合,形成-Si-O-Si-交联结构,且在高温条件下,加入的固化剂与体系之间进行化学结合,可进一步增大体系的交联程度,从而增加涂层的耐水、耐磨性等。同时,硅溶胶含有大量-OH,可进一步提高涂层的亲水性。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明采用丙酮法合成末端既有羟基又有硅氧烷的羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物,并将其分散在水中得到水性聚氨酯乳液,该水性聚氨酯乳液可作为防雾涂料主体物质;与溶剂型聚氨酯体系相比较,避免了大量有机溶剂的加入,合成方法路径绿色环保,并且VOC含量低。
(2)本发明中添加的聚乙二醇与羧酸型亲水扩链剂共同与水作用,使得聚氨酯链段的亲水性增强,且聚乙二醇的聚氧乙烯链段,能使整个大分子链具有增溶性,从而使得水性聚氨酯乳液体系更均匀、稳定,无小颗粒生成,减少了一般聚氨酯乳化时不均匀、不稳定的问题。
(3)本发明采用的硅烷偶联剂中的三乙氧基硅烷与硅溶胶之间以及三乙氧基硅烷之间,在常温条件下即可自发脱水缩合,将硅溶胶结合到水性聚氨酯乳液中,而非仅物理混合,避免了常规材料中存在仅物理结合不牢固的问题,导致其易随水滴流失,增加了使用时效。
(4)本发明中的硅溶胶表面带有大量亲水性-OH,使用前无需任何前处理,避免了常规在需要正硅酸酯在酸性条件下水解才能得到硅溶胶等操作;该硅溶胶与体系具有良好的相容性,使得涂层的透明性得到提高,且该硅溶胶为偏碱性,适用性更广泛。
(5)本发明制备的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料在基材片板上所形成的涂层光滑平整,体系内的聚合物通过硅溶胶与硅氧烷之间的结合形成连续的网状结构,其中-Si-O-Si-具有较低的表面能,会迁移至涂层表面,从而将-OH带入到表面,利于水滴的迅速平铺,使得涂层亲水性良好。
(6)本发明制备的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料所得到的涂层能较好的附着在基材板上,可用于塑料、玻璃等不同的透明基材上,以水性聚氨酯乳液、硅溶胶和固化剂之间形成的结构赋予涂层良好的耐磨性、耐水性以及与基材之间良好的附着力,同时,亲水性物质的引入提供了涂层在温和或较高温条件下良好的防雾性能。
附图说明
图1为防雾性能测试图,a(1)和a(2)分别对应于实施例1水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层浸泡1h前后的测试结果;b~e和j分别对应于实施例5、实施例6、实施例7、对比例3和对比例4的防雾涂层的温和防雾性测试结果;f~h和k分别对应于实施5、实施例6、实施例1和对比例4的防雾涂层在温和防雾性测试条件下30min内是否出现大水滴的测试结果;i对应于实施例5的防雾涂层较高温防雾性测试结果。
图2的1~n分别对应于实施例1、对比例1和对比例5的防雾涂料外观图。
图3的o~r分别对应于实施例1、实施例7、对比例3和对比例5防雾涂层的水接触(WCA)测试结果。
图4的s~t分别对应于实施例1和对比例3的SEM测试结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。本发明涉及的原料均可从市场上直接购买。对于未特别注明的工艺参数,可参照常规技术进行。
实施例1
(1)将8.33g IPDI加入到装有已真空脱水的14.4g PPG-2000和3.6g PEG-400、搅拌器、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中,搅拌加热到80℃,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,反应2h,然后在同一温度下依次加入0.18g TMP和1.35g二羟甲基丙酸,分别反应1h和2h;升温至90℃,加入2.48g季戊四醇进行封端,反应2.5h,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。
(2)将体系温度降至65℃,加入1.68g IPTES,反应3h,得到端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物。
(3)将体系降温至45℃,加入1.02g三乙胺进行中和,反应30min;将上述中和后的聚氨酯预聚物倒入分散桶中,再将64.5g去离子水在高速搅拌下缓慢倒入,进行分散乳化,得到固含量约为21%的水性聚氨酯乳液。
(4)将6.67g KHJN-1430和0.5g CYMEL303在磁力搅拌下滴加于10g上述水性聚氨酯乳液中,滴加完后,继续搅拌1h,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
(5)将步骤(4)所得到的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料通过淋涂涂覆至PC基材板上,烘箱温度至150℃固化1h,即得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层。
实施例2
与实施例1相比,本实施例的一种水性聚氨酯乳液-硅溶胶复合涂料制备涂层,不同之处在于步骤(1)中加入的第一类聚多元醇、第二类聚多元醇分别改为14.4g PCL-2000和3.6g PEG-600,其余部分完全相同。
实施例3
与实施例1相比,本实施例的一种水性聚氨酯乳液-硅溶胶复合涂料制备涂层,不同之处在于步骤(1)中的第一类聚多元醇改为14.4g PHA-2000其余部分完全相同。
实施例4
(1)将9.78g IPDI加入到装有已真空脱水的14g PPG-2000和6g PEG-400、搅拌器、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中,搅拌加热到80℃,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,反应2h,然后在同一温度下依次加入0.20g TMP和1.5g二羟甲基丙酸,分别反应1h和2h;升温至90℃,加入2.3g季戊四醇进行封端,反应2.5h,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。
(2)将体系温度降至60℃,加入1.86g IPTES,反应4h,得到端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物。
(3)将体系降温至45℃,加入1.14g三乙胺进行中和,反应20min;将上述中和后的聚氨酯预聚物倒入分散桶中,再将79g去离子水在高速搅拌下缓慢倒入,进行分散乳化,得到固含量约为21%的水性聚氨酯乳液。
(4)将6.67g KHJN-1430和1.5g BLXP 2706在磁力搅拌下滴加入10g上述水性聚氨酯乳液中,滴加完后,继续搅拌1h,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
(5)将步骤(4)所得到的水性聚氨酯乳液-防雾涂料通过淋涂涂覆至PC基材板上,调节烘箱温度至120℃固化2h,即得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层。
实施例5
(1)将8.71g IPDI加入到装有已真空脱水的14.4g PPG-2000和3.6g PEG-400、搅拌器、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中,搅拌加热到80℃,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,反应2h,然后在同一温度下依次加入0.18g TMP和1.36g二羟甲基丙酸,分别反应1h和2h;升温至90℃,加入2.47g季戊四醇进行封端,反应2.5h,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。
(2)将体系温度降至65℃,加入1.7g IPTES,反应3h,得到端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物。
(3)将体系降温至室温(25℃),加入1.03g三乙胺进行中和,反应30min;将上述中和后的聚氨酯预聚物倒入分散桶中,再将66g去离子水在高速搅拌下缓慢倒入,进行分散乳化,得到固含量约为21%的水性聚氨酯乳液。
(4)将6.67g KHJN-1430和0.3g CYMEL303在磁力搅拌下滴加入10g上述水性聚氨酯乳液中,滴加完后,继续搅拌1h,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
(5)将步骤(4)所得到的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料通过淋涂涂覆至PC基材板上,调节烘箱温度至130℃固化3h,即得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层。
实施例6
与实施例5相比,本实施例的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料制备涂层,不同之处在于步骤(4)中不加入固化剂,其余部分完全相。
实施例7
与实施例5相比,本实施例的一种涂料制备涂层,不同之处在于步骤(4)中加入5gKHJN-1430,其余部分完全相。
对比例1
(1)将8.33g IPDI加入到装有已真空脱水的14.4g PPG-2000和3.6g PEG-400、搅拌器、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中,搅拌加热到80℃,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,反应2h,然后在同一温度下依次加入0.18g TMP和1.35g二羟甲基丙酸,分别反应1h和2h;升温至90℃,加入2.48g季戊四醇进行封端,反应2.5h,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。
(2)将体系降温至45℃,加入1.02g三乙胺进行中和,反应30min;将上述中和后的预聚物倒入分散桶中,再将64.5g去离子水在高速搅拌下缓慢倒入,进行分散乳化,得到固含量约为21%的水性聚氨酯乳液。
(3)将6.67g KHJN-1430和0.5g CYMEL303在磁力搅拌下滴加入10g上述水性聚氨酯乳液中,滴加完后,继续搅拌1h,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
(4)将步骤(3)所得到的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料通过淋涂涂覆至PC基材板上,烘箱温度调节至120℃固化2h,即得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层。
对比例2
(1)将8.33g IPDI加入到装有已真空脱水的14.4g PPG-2000和3.3g PEG-400、搅拌器、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中,搅拌加热到80℃,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,反应2h,然后在同一温度下依次加入0.18g TMP和1.35g二羟甲基丙酸,分别反应1h和2h;升温至90℃,加入2.48g季戊四醇进行封端,反应2.5h,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。
(2)将体系温度降至65℃,加入1.68g IPTES,反应3h,得到端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物。
(3)将体系降温至45℃,加入1.02g三乙胺进行中和,反应30min;将上述中和后的聚氨酯预聚物倒入分散桶中,再将64.5g去离子水在高速搅拌下缓慢倒入,进行分散乳化,得到固含量约为21%的水性聚氨酯乳液。
(4)将0.5g CYMEL303在磁力搅拌下滴加入10g上述水性聚氨酯乳液中,滴加完后,继续搅拌1h,得到水性聚氨酯涂料。
(5)将步骤(4)所得到的水性聚氨酯涂料通过淋涂涂覆至PC基材板上,烘箱温度调节至130℃固化3h,即得到水聚氨酯涂层。
对比例3
(1)将9g IPDI加入到装有已真空脱水的18g PPG-2000、搅拌器、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中,搅拌加热到80℃,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,反应2h,然后在同一温度下依次加入0.19g TMP和2.44g二羟甲基丙酸,分别反应1h和2h;升温至90℃,加入1.53g季戊四醇进行封端,反应2.5h,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。
(2)将体系温度降至65℃,加入1.74g IPTES,反应3h,得到端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物。
(3)将体系降温至45℃,加入1.85g三乙胺进行中和,反应30min;将上述中和后的聚氨酯预聚物倒入分散桶中,再将43g去离子水在高速搅拌下缓慢倒入,进行分散乳化,得到固含量约为21%的水性聚氨酯乳液。
(4)将6.67g KHJN-1430和0.5g CYMEL303在磁力搅拌下滴加入10g上述水性聚氨酯乳液中,滴加完后,继续搅拌1h,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
(5)将步骤(4)所得到的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料通过淋涂涂覆至PC基材板上,自烘箱温度调节温度至130℃固化2.5h,即得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层。
对比例4
(1)将8.8g IPDI加入到装有已真空脱水的14.4g PCL-2000和3.6g PEG-400、搅拌器、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中,搅拌加热到80℃,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,反应2h,然后在同一温度下依次加入0.17g TMP和1.36g二羟甲基丙酸,分别反应1h和2h;升温至90℃,加入2g季戊四醇进行封端,反应2.5h,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。
(2)将体系温度降至35℃,加入1.68g 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,反应1h,得到端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物。
(3)将体系降温至室温(25℃),加入1.03g三乙胺进行中和,反应30min;将上述中和后的聚氨酯预聚物倒入分散桶中,再将69g去离子水在高速搅拌下缓慢倒入,进行分散乳化,得到固含量约为21%的水性聚氨酯乳液。
(4)将6.67g KHJN-1430和0.3g CYMEL303在磁力搅拌下滴加入10g上述水性聚氨酯乳液中,滴加完后,继续搅拌1h,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
(5)将步骤(4)所得到的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料通过淋涂涂覆至PC基材板上,调节温度至130℃固化3h,即得到水聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层。
对比例5
(1)将16.8g IPDI加入到装有已真空脱水的24g PPG-2000和6g PEG-400、搅拌器、温度计和冷凝管的四口烧瓶中,搅拌加热到80℃,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂,反应2h,然后在同一温度下依次加入0.27g TMP和2.2g二羟甲基丙酸,分别反应1h和2h,得到聚氨酯预聚物;视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏。
(2)将体系温度降至35℃,加入2.7g 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,反应1h,得到有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物。
(3)将体系降温至室温(25℃),加入1.66g三乙胺进行中和,反应30min;将上述中和后的预聚物倒入分散桶中,再将162g去离子水在高速搅拌下缓慢倒入,进行分散乳化,得到固含量约为21%的水性聚氨酯乳液。
(4)将6.67g KHJN-1430和0.3g CYMEL303在磁力搅拌下滴加入10g上述水性聚氨酯乳液中,滴加完后,继续搅拌1h,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
(5)将步骤(4)所得到的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料通过淋涂涂覆至PC基材板上,调节温度至130℃固化3h,即得到水聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层。
将上述实施例1-7和对比例1-5得到的防雾涂层,进行性能测试,测试结果如下表1。
表1:各实施例及对比例的性能测试结果
相应的分析测试方法如下:
铅笔硬度:在涂覆有防雾涂层的基材片板上,用已知铅笔硬度的铅笔进行测试,如果该铅笔硬度下涂层无明显划痕,则该涂层达到了该铅笔硬度,若有明显划痕,则更换铅笔硬度更小的铅笔进行测试,最终确定该涂层的铅笔硬度。
附着力:利用划格法测定涂层的附着力,在涂覆有防雾涂层的基材片板上,交叉切割成100个1mm×1mm的小方格,然后将胶带施加至交叉切割成的小方格部分,再从涂层上移除胶带,重复3次。如果由于胶带的反复施加和移除而从基材板上除去任何涂层,则该涂层未通过附着力测试(此处用1表示)。如果在胶带的反复施加和移除过程中没有从基材板上移除涂层,则该涂层通过附着力测试(此处用0表示)。
耐水性:将涂覆有防雾涂层的基材片板浸入去离子水中12h,如果涂层未出现泛白、脱落等现象,则该涂层具有较好的耐水性即通过测试,反之耐水性较差即未通过测试。
透明度:将涂覆防雾涂层的基材片板通过视线观察图像法测试,通过对比涂覆(划线上部分)与未涂覆(划线下部分)相同基材片板的视线清晰度,如果观察到划线上部分的图像颜色和形状无变化,则该涂层具有高透明度,反之,透明度较差。为了更好的量化涂层的透明度,利用紫外-可见光(UV-vis)分光计于300-800nm下测试涂覆防雾涂层的基材片板的透过率。
亲水性:取3-5μL去离子水滴于涂覆有防雾涂层的基材片板上,用秒表记录水滴铺展的时间,如果铺展时间小于15s,则说明该涂层亲水性良好,反之,则亲水性较差。为了更好的量化涂层的亲水性,利用静态接触角测试仪进行涂层上水滴的接触角(WCA),若WCA小于15°,则说明涂层亲水性良好,反之,则亲水性较差。
温和防雾性:将涂覆有防雾涂层的基材片板置于盛有65℃热水的100mL烧杯上方,使基材板暴露于热水的水蒸气上。如果水蒸气中的小水滴30s内在涂覆有水性聚氨酯乳液-硅溶胶防雾涂层的基材片板上铺展(即涂层从接触水蒸气开始到涂层变透明的时间小于30s),且涂层保持透明3min并在30min以内不出现大水滴,则该涂层具有温和防雾性。否则,该涂层不具有温和防雾性。
防雾重复性:将经过温和防雾性测试的涂层在100℃的烘箱中干燥2h后,再进行温和防雾性测试,如此重复3次,涂层仍保持温和性,则该涂层具有防雾重复性。否则,该涂层不具有防雾重复性。
较高温防雾性:将涂覆有防雾涂层的基材片板置于盛有80℃热水的100mL烧杯上方,使基材板暴露于热水的水蒸气上。如果涂层保持透明5min,则该涂层具有较高温防雾性。否则,该涂层不具有较高温防雾性。
浸泡1h后的防雾性:将涂覆有防雾涂层的PC基材片板在常温的去离子水中浸泡1h后,取出放置于烘箱50℃中干燥12h,再将这种基材片板置于盛有50℃热水的250mL烧杯上方,以使基材片板暴露于热水的水蒸气8s。如果在此期间涂覆有防雾涂层的基材片板上没有出现雾,则该涂层具有这种防雾性。反之,则该涂层不具有这种防雾性。
由表1的防雾重复性结果可知,该水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料涂覆在PC基材板上所形成的涂层具有较好的稳定性和可持续性,涂层变透明的时间和保持透明的时间,也进一步说明了水滴在涂层的铺展性良好,从而说明了涂层的亲水性良好。
从图1~4的测试结果并结合表1中性能测试结果可知,实施例1的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层在浸泡1h前后,涂层的防雾效果良好且无明显差异,说明防雾涂层内部结合牢固,涂层稳定;且较高温下的防雾效果良好与温和防雾测试无明显差别,说明涂层在条件稍苛刻下仍保持良好的亲水性。实施例1、5、6、7水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂层防雾效果均良好且无明显差别;对比例3、4和5涂层明显无防雾效果,说明不添加第二类聚多元醇、将3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷替换成3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷以及在无硅烷偶联剂和多羟基封端剂封端时,涂层无明显防雾效果;此可由图3的WCA测试结果得到进一步证明,对比例3、5的WCA明显大于实施例1、7,水滴不铺展而达不到防雾效果。由图2可观察到实施例1的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料体系稳定、透明均匀,无小颗粒物存在,对比例3的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料体系分层、不稳定,对比例5的防雾涂料呈不透明状且有小颗粒物粘附与壁内。由图4可知,实施例1的防雾涂层光滑平整,利于水滴铺展,对比例3的涂层有小凹陷形成,涂层不连贯,不仅影响涂层的透明度,也影响涂层的亲水性;由图1的f~g和k进一步说明了水滴在涂层的铺展性亲水性差的涂层表面会形成大水滴,使涂层出现水雾感。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
(1)将二异氰酸酯加入到第一类聚多元醇和第二类聚多元醇中,在催化剂作用下进行聚合反应,依次加入羧酸型亲水扩链剂和多羟基封端剂后,进行预聚合反应,得到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物;所述第一类聚多元醇为含酯基或碳酸酯基聚多元醇、聚氧化丙烯多元醇和聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇中的至少一种,第二类聚多元醇为聚乙二醇;
(2)将异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂添加到端羟基聚氨酯预聚物中进行化学键合反应,得到末端既有羟基又有硅氧烷的端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物;
(3)将端羟基有机硅-聚氨酯预聚物和三乙胺混合进行中和反应,得到聚氨酯预聚物,再与水混合分散,得到水性聚氨酯乳液;
(4)将硅溶胶、固化剂和水性聚氨酯乳液混合,得到水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述第一类聚多元醇为聚丙二醇-2000、聚碳酸酯二醇-2000、聚己二酸1,4-丁二醇酯-2000、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇-2000、聚己内酯二醇-2000和聚四氢呋喃二醇-2000中的一种或两种;所述第二类聚多元醇为分子量400~1000的聚乙二醇中的一种或两种;所述二异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种或两种;所述羧酸型亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸和二羟甲基丁酸中的一种或者两种;所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡或有机铋催化剂;所述多羟基封端剂为季戊四醇和三羟甲基氨基甲烷中的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂为3-异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷;步骤(4)所述硅溶胶为氨基型硅溶胶;所述固化剂为活性封闭型脂肪族聚异氰酸酯或氨基树脂。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述聚合反应为在80~90℃下反应2~2.5h;所述预聚合反应为在80~90℃下反应2~2.5h;步骤(2)所述化学键合反应为在60~65℃下反应3~4h;步骤(3)所述中和反应为在25~45℃下反应20min~30min。
5.根据权利4所述一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)还加入小分子交联剂,其占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的0.1~1%;所述第一类聚多元醇与第二类聚多元醇的质量比为60~90:10~40;所述第一类聚多元醇与第二类聚多元醇的质量总和占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的50~60%;所述羧酸型亲水扩链剂占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的1~7%;所述二异氰酸酯和多羟基封端剂加入量使水性聚氨酯体系R值保持在1.00~1.15。
6.根据权利5所述一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述小分子交联剂为三羟甲基乙烷和三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或两种;所述小分子交联剂占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的0.5%;所述第一类聚多元醇与第二类聚多元醇的质量比为70~80:20~30;所述第一类聚多元醇与第二类聚多元醇的质量总和占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的55%;所述的羧酸型亲水扩链剂占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的4%。
7.根据权利要求1或2或3所述一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的5~7%;步骤(1)所述预聚合反应后视体系黏度加入丙酮进行降黏;所述硅溶胶包括科翰硅制品有限公司的KHJN-1430和百特新材料公司的S-1430中的一种或两种;所述硅溶胶与水性聚氨酯乳液的质量比为3~10:10;所述固化剂包括科思创的BL XP 2706或CYMEL303中的一种或两种。
8.根据权利要求7所述一种水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯基型硅烷偶联剂占步骤(3)中聚氨酯预聚物固体质量的5%;所述硅溶胶与水性聚氨酯乳液的质量比为5~6.67:10;所述固化剂与水性聚氨酯乳液的质量比为0.1~1.5:10。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述方法制得的水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料。
10.权利要求9所述水性聚氨酯-硅溶胶防雾涂料的应用,其特征在于,将所述涂料涂覆于基材板上,调节温度至120~150℃固化1~3h,得到防雾涂层。
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