CN113998968A - Building material for heavy rammed earth wall and preparation method and construction process thereof - Google Patents
Building material for heavy rammed earth wall and preparation method and construction process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building material for a heavy rammed earth wall, a preparation method and a construction process thereof, belonging to the technical field of material corrosion prevention, wherein the building material for the heavy rammed earth wall comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of clay, 1-3 parts of broken stone, 1-3 parts of stone, 2-4 parts of lime and 2-4 parts of coarse sand; mixing them uniformly; the construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall sequentially comprises the steps of formwork erecting, pouring, formwork removing, maintaining and plastering; the formwork is used for manufacturing a mold for molding the heavy rammed earth wall; the building material, the preparation method and the construction process thereof are green and environment-friendly, are more suitable for living, are close to nature, have no harmful gas of human bodies, have the effects of heat preservation, energy conservation, earthquake resistance, bearing, mildew resistance, sterility and permeability resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material corrosion prevention, and particularly relates to a building material for a heavy rammed earth wall, and a preparation method and a construction process thereof.
Background
The building material is a general name of materials used in civil engineering and constructional engineering and can be divided into structural materials, decorative materials and some special materials, wherein the structural materials comprise wood, bamboo, stone, cement, concrete, metal, tiles, ceramics, glass, engineering plastics, composite materials and the like, the decorative materials comprise various coatings, paints, plating layers, veneers, tiles with various colors, glass with special effects and the like, and the special materials are used for water proofing, moisture proofing, corrosion resistance, fire proofing, flame retardance, sound insulation, heat preservation, sealing and the like.
The rammed earth wall is a traditional building wall body in China, and is a pressed mixed mud block which is firm, has high density and few gaps. The rammed earth building is close to nature and is integrated with nature, the traditional rammed earth wall building technology has a long application history in China, and the rammed earth building has the characteristics of local materials, simplicity in construction, warmness in winter and coolness in summer, low manufacturing cost and the like. The rammed earth buildings are also called as raw earth buildings, such as the earthquakes of Hakka, Gansu Dunhuang ancient city walls, military vests and the burial rammed earth of Qin Huang Ling of Shaanxi Xian. Currently, rammed earth buildings are still abundant in rural houses in southwest regions. However, with the increase of natural disasters in western regions in recent years, inherent defects of traditional rammed-earth farmhouses built by farmers are increasingly prominent in terms of earthquake resistance, durability, functional layout and the like, and most houses become critical houses. And some scenic spots, museums and the like need to be built in large quantities, and aiming at the existing situation, the improvement of the rough traditional rammed earth technology is urgently needed to improve the habitability and safety of rammed earth houses.
The rammed earth building has the advantages of low price, convenience, environmental protection, warmness in winter and coolness in summer and simple process. But has the defects of low strength, poor durability and difficult resistance to rain erosion and freeze thawing. The existing building wall is generally a common brick wall; the mud wall construction period is longer, and easy hollowing is played the package, and the wholeness is not strong easily to split, and the edge easily drops and the live time is not long, and sound insulation and heat insulation effect is not good, and it is mouldy to have become the fungus moth, and impervious effect is not good. Therefore, the traditional method of opening the window and the hole on the rammed earth wall can greatly influence the structural integrity of the rammed earth wall. It is extremely difficult to resist natural erosion, natural disasters and man-made damages.
In conclusion, the building material for the heavy rammed earth wall, which is green, environment-friendly, suitable for living, non-toxic, harmless, heat-insulating, energy-saving and good in anti-seismic effect, and the preparation method and the construction process thereof need to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a building material for a heavy rammed earth wall, a preparation method and a construction process thereof, which are green and environment-friendly, are more suitable for living, are close to nature and free of harmful gases of human bodies, preserve heat and save energy, have an anti-seismic bearing effect, and are mildew-proof, sterile and impervious.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a building material for heavy rammed earth walls, comprising in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of clay, 1-3 parts of broken stone, 1-3 parts of stone, 2-4 parts of lime and 2-4 parts of coarse sand.
Further, the water content of the heavy rammed earth wall material is less than or equal to 8%. Because the moisture content of clay itself is high, after all materials stir, the material of clay and low moisture content can mix fast, easily ramming in the mould can rapid prototyping.
Further, the humidity of the clay is 25-35%. The addition of clay makes the fire behavior of material improve greatly, and isolated noise can be absorbed to inside loose clay, has removed user's vexation from, has made things convenient for user's use. The humidity is too high and easy to dilute, and the humidity is too low and difficult to mix and compact, and the invention can quickly and uniformly mix various materials, shorten the forming time and increase the forming effect.
Furthermore, the particle size of the crushed stone is 3-5 mm. The crushed stone with the particle size can be filled and compacted to form the whole rammed earth wall, and the sensory effect of the rear surface of the demoulding tool is better.
Further, the particle size of the stone blocks is 2-3 cm. The stone of this particle diameter can increase the bearing capacity of wall body and by the destructiveness, and the easy shaping of extrusion clay.
Furthermore, the grain diameter of the coarse sand is more than or equal to 0.5 mm. The coarse sand of this particle diameter can practice thrift the use amount of coarse sand, combines the effect better and can closely knit rammed earth wall with other materials such as clay, and the effect is better.
The preparation method of the heavy rammed earth wall material comprises the following steps of weighing clay, broken stone, lime and coarse sand according to the proportion, mixing the clay, broken stone, lime and coarse sand, adding water, and stirring uniformly to prepare the material-mixed heavy rammed earth wall material, wherein the water content of the material-mixed heavy rammed earth wall material is 15-20%.
Furthermore, before the crushed stones and the stones are mixed, watering is needed to keep moist, so that subsequent material mixing is facilitated.
The construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall material sequentially comprises the steps of formwork support, pouring, formwork removal, maintenance and plastering; the formwork is used for manufacturing a mold for molding the heavy rammed earth wall; and the pouring is to pour the heavy rammed earth wall material mixed with the materials into the mold.
The construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall material comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) formwork support: according to the height and thickness of the heavy rammed earth wall, double sides and double rows of the dried square materials with different specifications are selected to be used as framework supports, and a wood template with good quality and at least 9 cm thickness is used for closing the mold for reinforcement, so that the framework is prevented from deforming when rammed earth.
(2) Ramming and mixing: reasonable control ratio and moisture content, clay, rubble, stone, lime and coarse sand stir according to the proportion, and the moisture content is 15 ~ 20%, tamps inside the wall body of formwork.
(3) And vibrating the material in the die uniformly, wherein the material is vibrated by 10-20cm each time and is vibrated for three times back and forth, and the next filling vibration can be carried out after the material is required to be vibrated to be dense. The height of the mixture poured into the template each time can not be more than 200mm, and the construction method can control the laying-off. The ramming principle is as follows: ramming the corners first, ramming the middle part, and ramming each layer twice.
(4) At the interface with the structural column, the base layer must be covered with the fiber mesh completely without fracture, and a gap must be reserved at the corner closing part, wherein the gap is 5-10mm, and is not too large or too small. The construction of the top of the wall body needs ramming and compacting, and the loosening phenomenon cannot occur; after the top construction is finished, reserving 4 wood boards, not detaching immediately, and detaching the top template after 6 hours; and paying off to be consistent with the elevation of the construction drawing.
(5) After the heavy rammed earth wall is filled and tamped, real-time moisture content detection is carried out on the heavy rammed earth wall, and when the moisture content is controlled to be below 8% by means of air exhaust measures, the base layer of the heavy rammed earth wall can be plastered.
Further, installing a building construction drawing, and well embedding components such as a switch, a socket, a handrail, a door and window opening, an electromechanical cavity reservation and a pipeline; the size and the position of the embedded member are shown in a building construction drawing.
Further, when a part with the size of 30mm or larger is cantilevered during construction, a wood template is filled at the bottom to keep the cantilevered part flat; and curing the wall body at the position 300mm above the root after the wall body is finished.
Furthermore, the wall surface falling phenomenon of the slip form is caused each time of construction, the slip form is repaired in time, the falling part is filled after the original mixture is wetted by adding water, the slip form is leveled by being cushioned by a wood board, and the direction of the wood board is consistent with the direction of the template; weather change conditions are required to be mastered at any time in the construction process, and a wall body which cannot be constructed once needs to be covered from the top by transparent waterproof cloth, so that damage caused by rainwater weather is avoided; and curing the wall for 30 days after the wall construction is finished. And chamfering the external corner of the wall.
And further, detecting the water content of the heavy rammed earth wall before plastering, and plastering when the water content is lower than 8%.
According to the invention, the two sides and the two rows are selected as framework supports in the formwork support, so that the strength and the integrity of the earth wall are effectively improved. The intensity after the shaping of cob wall can effectively be guaranteed to coarse sand and rubble in the rammer earth material that adopts, and the mode that clay and lime mix can further increase the intensity of cob wall to increase the connectivity between each raw materials, make its wholeness stronger, and then effectively prevent the cob wall fracture. The coarse sand and the stones not only improve the strength of the traditional rammed earth, so that the strength requirement of the existing building on the structural main body can be met, the erosion of the original rammed earth caused by wind, sunlight and rain is effectively avoided, the finished wall is compact, good in water-resistant durability and high in strength, and the requirements of heavy rammed earth walls are met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. heat preservation and heat insulation: the natural heat-insulating wall is formed by using the physical properties of the soil and the stirring and tamping of other materials.
2. Sound insulation and noise control: through self material stirring, ram to the summit and build and wall body thickness, the noise reduction effect that gives sound insulation is fabulous.
3. Shock resistance: the framework square stock has a certain anti-seismic effect, and the anti-seismic effect of the wall body is enhanced by the material composition and the arc shape of the heavy rammed earth wall.
4. Natural environmental protection property: the used raw materials are all natural raw materials, and no chemical additive component is added, so that the environment is completely protected, and the cost is low.
5. Mildew-proof and aseptic property: the selected raw materials are all superior products, wherein the lime product is extremely high in quality, has the effects of resisting mildew and sterilizing after being soaked for more than 20 days, forms internal environment circulation in the wall body, plays a role in killing microorganisms, and ensures the excellent environment of the internal circulation of the heavy rammed earth wall.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the present invention is specifically described below by way of examples.
Example 1
The construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall material comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) formwork support: according to the height and thickness of the heavy rammed earth wall, double sides and double rows of the dried square materials with different specifications are selected to be used as framework supports, and a wood template with good quality and at least 9 cm thickness is used for closing the mold for reinforcement, so that the framework is prevented from deforming when rammed earth.
(2) Ramming and mixing: 6 portions of clay, 2 portions of broken stone, 2 portions of stone, 3 portions of lime and 3 portions of coarse sand are weighed according to the proportion, mixed and stirred uniformly, the water content is 15%, and the clay is rammed into the wall body of the supporting mold. The clay humidity was 25%. The particle size of the crushed stone is 3 mm. The particle size of the stone block is 2 cm. The particle size of the coarse sand is 0.6 mm.
(3) And vibrating the material in the die uniformly, wherein the material is vibrated by 15cm each time and is vibrated three times back and forth, and the next filling vibration can be carried out after the material is required to be compacted. The height of the mixture poured into the template each time can not be more than 200mm, and the construction method can control the laying-off. The ramming principle is as follows: ramming the corners first, ramming the middle part, and ramming each layer twice.
(4) At the interface with the structural column, the base layer must be covered with the fiber mesh completely without fracture, and the corner closing-in opening must be kept with a gap with a size of 7mm, which is not too large or too small. The construction of the top of the wall body needs ramming and compacting, and the loosening phenomenon cannot occur; after the top construction is finished, reserving 4 wood boards, not detaching immediately, and detaching the top template after 6 hours; and paying off to be consistent with the elevation of the construction drawing. When a part with the size of 30mm or more overhangs is constructed, a wood template is filled at the bottom, and the overhanging part is kept flat; and curing the wall body at the position 300mm above the root after the wall body is finished.
(5) After the heavy rammed earth wall is filled and tamped, real-time moisture content detection is carried out on the heavy rammed earth wall, and when the moisture content is controlled to be below 8% by means of air exhaust measures, the base layer of the heavy rammed earth wall can be plastered.
(6) The slip form is constructed each time, the wall surface is stripped, the slip form is repaired in time, the stripped part is filled after the original mixture is wetted by water, the slip form is leveled by being cushioned by a wood plate, and the direction of the wood plate is consistent with that of the form; and curing the wall for 30 days after the wall construction is finished. And chamfering the external corner of the wall.
Example 2
The construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall material comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) formwork support: according to the height and thickness of the heavy rammed earth wall, double sides and double rows of the dried square materials with different specifications are selected to be used as framework supports, and a wood template with good quality and at least 9 cm thickness is used for closing the mold for reinforcement, so that the framework is prevented from deforming when rammed earth.
(2) Ramming and mixing: 5 parts of clay, 1 part of broken stone, 1 part of stone, 2 parts of lime and 2 parts of coarse sand are weighed according to the proportion, mixed and stirred uniformly, the water content is 20%, and the clay is rammed into the wall body of the supporting mold. The clay humidity was 35%. The particle size of the crushed stone is 5 mm. The particle size of the stone was 3 cm. The particle size of the coarse sand is 0.8 mm.
(3) And vibrating the material in the die uniformly, wherein the material is vibrated by 10cm each time, and is vibrated for three times back and forth, and the next filling vibration can be carried out after the material is required to be compacted. The height of the mixture poured into the template each time can not be more than 200mm, and the construction method can control the laying-off. The ramming principle is as follows: ramming the corners first, ramming the middle part, and ramming each layer twice.
(4) At the interface with the structural column, the base layer must be covered with the fiber mesh completely without fracture, and the corner closing-in opening must be kept with a gap with the size of 5mm, which is not too large or too small. The construction of the top of the wall body needs ramming and compacting, and the loosening phenomenon cannot occur; after the top construction is finished, reserving 4 wood boards, not detaching immediately, and detaching the top template after 6 hours; and paying off to be consistent with the elevation of the construction drawing. When a part with the size of 30mm or more overhangs is constructed, a wood template is filled at the bottom, and the overhanging part is kept flat; and curing the wall body at the position 300mm above the root after the wall body is finished.
(5) After the heavy rammed earth wall is filled and tamped, real-time moisture content detection is carried out on the heavy rammed earth wall, and when the moisture content is controlled to be below 8% by means of air exhaust measures, the base layer of the heavy rammed earth wall can be plastered.
(6) The slip form is constructed each time, the wall surface is stripped, the slip form is repaired in time, the stripped part is filled after the original mixture is wetted by water, the slip form is leveled by being cushioned by a wood plate, and the direction of the wood plate is consistent with that of the form; and curing the wall for 30 days after the wall construction is finished. And chamfering the external corner of the wall.
Example 3
The construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall material comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) formwork support: according to the height and thickness of the heavy rammed earth wall, double sides and double rows of the dried square materials with different specifications are selected to be used as framework supports, and a wood template with good quality and at least 9 cm thickness is used for closing the mold for reinforcement, so that the framework is prevented from deforming when rammed earth.
(2) Ramming and mixing: 8 portions of clay, 3 portions of broken stone, 3 portions of stone, 4 portions of lime and 4 portions of coarse sand are weighed according to the proportion, mixed and stirred uniformly, the water content is 17 percent, and the clay is rammed into the wall body of the supporting mold. The clay humidity was 30%. The particle size of the crushed stone is 4 mm. The particle size of the stone was 2.5 cm. The particle size of the coarse sand is 0.6 mm.
(3) And vibrating the material in the die uniformly, wherein the material is vibrated by 20cm each time and is vibrated for three times back and forth, and the next filling vibration can be carried out after the material is required to be compacted. The height of the mixture poured into the template each time can not be more than 200mm, and the construction method can control the laying-off. The ramming principle is as follows: ramming the corners first, ramming the middle part, and ramming each layer twice.
(4) At the interface with the structural column, the base layer must be covered with the fiber mesh completely without fracture, and a gap must be reserved at the corner closing part, wherein the gap is 10mm, and is not too large or too small. The construction of the top of the wall body needs ramming and compacting, and the loosening phenomenon cannot occur; after the top construction is finished, reserving 4 wood boards, not detaching immediately, and detaching the top template after 6 hours; and paying off to be consistent with the elevation of the construction drawing. When a part with the size of 30mm or more overhangs is constructed, a wood template is filled at the bottom, and the overhanging part is kept flat; and curing the wall body at the position 300mm above the root after the wall body is finished.
(5) After the heavy rammed earth wall is filled and tamped, real-time moisture content detection is carried out on the heavy rammed earth wall, and when the moisture content is controlled to be below 8% by means of air exhaust measures, the base layer of the heavy rammed earth wall can be plastered.
(6) The slip form is constructed each time, the wall surface is stripped, the slip form is repaired in time, the stripped part is filled after the original mixture is wetted by water, the slip form is leveled by being cushioned by a wood plate, and the direction of the wood plate is consistent with that of the form; and curing the wall for 30 days after the wall construction is finished. And chamfering the external corner of the wall.
Example 4
The construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall material comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) formwork support: according to the height and thickness of the heavy rammed earth wall, double sides and double rows of the dried square materials with different specifications are selected to be used as framework supports, and a wood template with good quality and at least 9 cm thickness is used for closing the mold for reinforcement, so that the framework is prevented from deforming when rammed earth.
(2) Ramming and mixing: weighing 6 parts of clay, 2 parts of broken stone, 1 part of stone, 3 parts of lime and 2 parts of coarse sand according to the proportion, uniformly mixing and stirring, wherein the water content is 18 percent, and tamping the mixture into the wall body of the supporting mold. The clay humidity was 27%. The particle size of the crushed stone is 3 mm. The particle size of the stone was 2.5 cm. The particle size of the coarse sand is 0.5 mm.
(3) And vibrating the material in the die uniformly, wherein the material is vibrated by 15cm each time and is vibrated three times back and forth, and the next filling vibration can be carried out after the material is required to be compacted. The height of the mixture poured into the template each time can not be more than 200mm, and the construction method can control the laying-off. The ramming principle is as follows: ramming the corners first, ramming the middle part, and ramming each layer twice.
(4) At the interface with the structural column, the base layer must be covered with the fiber mesh completely without fracture, and the corner closing-in opening must be kept with a gap with a size of 7mm, which is not too large or too small. The construction of the top of the wall body needs ramming and compacting, and the loosening phenomenon cannot occur; after the top construction is finished, reserving 4 wood boards, not detaching immediately, and detaching the top template after 6 hours; and paying off to be consistent with the elevation of the construction drawing. When a part with the size of 30mm or more overhangs is constructed, a wood template is filled at the bottom, and the overhanging part is kept flat; and curing the wall body at the position 300mm above the root after the wall body is finished.
(5) After the heavy rammed earth wall is filled and tamped, real-time moisture content detection is carried out on the heavy rammed earth wall, and when the moisture content is controlled to be below 8% by means of air exhaust measures, the base layer of the heavy rammed earth wall can be plastered.
(6) The slip form is constructed each time, the wall surface is stripped, the slip form is repaired in time, the stripped part is filled after the original mixture is wetted by water, the slip form is leveled by being cushioned by a wood plate, and the direction of the wood plate is consistent with that of the form; and curing the wall for 30 days after the wall construction is finished. And chamfering the external corner of the wall.
Example 5
The construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall material comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) formwork support: according to the height and thickness of the heavy rammed earth wall, double sides and double rows of the dried square materials with different specifications are selected to be used as framework supports, and a wood template with good quality and at least 9 cm thickness is used for closing the mold for reinforcement, so that the framework is prevented from deforming when rammed earth.
(2) Ramming and mixing: weighing 7 parts of clay, 2 parts of broken stone, 1 part of stone, 2 parts of lime and 3 parts of coarse sand according to the proportion, uniformly mixing and stirring, wherein the water content is 19 percent, and tamping the mixture into the wall body of the supporting mold. The clay humidity was 31%. The particle size of the crushed stone is 3 mm. The particle size of the stone was 3 cm. The particle size of the coarse sand is 0.7 mm.
(3) And vibrating the material in the die uniformly, wherein the material is vibrated by 13cm each time and is vibrated three times back and forth, and the next filling vibration can be carried out after the material is required to be compacted. The height of the mixture poured into the template each time can not be more than 200mm, and the construction method can control the laying-off. The ramming principle is as follows: ramming the corners first, ramming the middle part, and ramming each layer twice.
(4) At the interface with the structural column, the base layer must be covered with the fiber mesh completely without fracture, and the corner closing-in opening must be kept with a gap with a size of 7mm, which is not too large or too small. The construction of the top of the wall body needs ramming and compacting, and the loosening phenomenon cannot occur; after the top construction is finished, reserving 4 wood boards, not detaching immediately, and detaching the top template after 6 hours; and paying off to be consistent with the elevation of the construction drawing. When a part with the size of 30mm or more overhangs is constructed, a wood template is filled at the bottom, and the overhanging part is kept flat; and curing the wall body at the position 300mm above the root after the wall body is finished.
(5) After the heavy rammed earth wall is filled and tamped, real-time moisture content detection is carried out on the heavy rammed earth wall, and when the moisture content is controlled to be below 8% by means of air exhaust measures, the base layer of the heavy rammed earth wall can be plastered.
(6) The slip form is constructed each time, the wall surface is stripped, the slip form is repaired in time, the stripped part is filled after the original mixture is wetted by water, the slip form is leveled by being cushioned by a wood plate, and the direction of the wood plate is consistent with that of the form; and curing the wall for 30 days after the wall construction is finished. And chamfering the external corner of the wall.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example has no clay, and the rest components, the proportion and the steps are all consistent with the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example has no coarse sand, and the other components, the mixture ratio and the steps are all consistent with the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example has no broken stone, and the other components, the proportion and the steps are all consistent with the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example does not contain clay, coarse sand and broken stone, and the rest components, the proportion and the steps are all consistent with the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 5
Compared with the comparative example 1, the components of the comparative example have the composition ratios which are not within the range of the right, 3 parts of clay, 4 parts of broken stone, 4 parts of stone, 5 parts of lime and 1 part of coarse sand, and the humidity of the clay is 20 percent. The particle size of the crushed stone is 1 mm. The particle size of the stone was 0.5 cm. The particle size of the coarse sand is 0.4 mm. The other components, proportions and steps were the same as in example 1.
The experimental results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1:
from examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5 in table 1 above, we can see that in comparative examples 1-3, compared with example 1, one component is reduced, and the bonding strength, the thermal conductivity and the compressive strength are far smaller than those of example 1, which proves that clay, crushed stone and coarse sand are key components in the scheme, the realization of the technical effect is reduced due to the lack of any component, and the clay, crushed stone and coarse sand are synergistic with each other; comparative example 4 has no clay, crushed stone and coarse sand, and the bonding strength, the thermal conductivity coefficient and the compressive strength of the composite material are further reduced compared with those of comparative examples 1-3, so that the comprehensive synergistic effect of the clay, crushed stone and coarse sand is proved; the comparative example 5 contains the components of the scheme, only the mixture ratio is not in the range of the scheme, so that the bonding strength, the heat conductivity coefficient and the compressive strength of the concrete are reduced by a few compared with those of the examples 1-5, but the mixture ratio is not greatly reduced in the comparative examples 1-4, which shows that the mixture ratio of the scheme is obtained by creative labor and has important influence on improving the heat insulation property, the sound insulation and noise resistance, the shock resistance and the mildew resistance of the heavy rammed earth wall material.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heavy rammed earth wall material for building materials is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of clay, 1-3 parts of broken stone, 1-3 parts of stone, 2-4 parts of lime and 2-4 parts of coarse sand.
2. The heavy rammed earth wall material according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the heavy rammed earth wall material is 8% or less.
3. The heavy rammed earth wall material according to claim 1, wherein the clay has a moisture content of 25-35%.
4. The heavy rammed earth wall material according to claim 1, wherein the crushed stone has a particle size of 3 to 5 mm.
5. The heavy rammed earth wall material according to claim 1, wherein the stone blocks have a particle size of 2-3 cm.
6. The heavy rammed earth wall material according to claim 1, wherein the coarse sand has a particle size of 0.5mm or more.
7. The method for preparing a heavy rammed earth wall material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the clay, the crushed stone, the lime and the coarse sand are weighed according to the proportion, mixed, added with water and stirred uniformly to prepare the material mixed with the heavy rammed earth wall material, and the water content of the material mixed with the heavy rammed earth wall material is 15-20%.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said crushed stone and stone are watered to maintain moisture before mixing.
9. The construction process of the heavy rammed earth wall material according to claim 8, wherein the steps of formwork erecting, pouring, formwork stripping, maintenance and plastering are sequentially included; the formwork is used for manufacturing a mold for molding the heavy rammed earth wall; and the pouring is to pour the heavy rammed earth wall material mixed with the materials into the mold.
10. The construction process according to claim 9, wherein the moisture content of the heavy rammed earth wall is detected before plastering, and plastering is carried out when the moisture content is lower than 8%.
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| DE10154704A1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-22 | Olaf Skiba | Method of producing loam walling and parts involves mixing clay, magnetite sand and granulated frozen water together and adding dry ice or carbon dioxide snow |
| CN104418586A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-18 | 邢大伟 | Non-calcined light-permeable clay compound capable of being used as building material |
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| CN111548074A (en) * | 2020-06-07 | 2020-08-18 | 福州大学 | Rammed earth wall formula and preparation method thereof |
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| DE10154704A1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-22 | Olaf Skiba | Method of producing loam walling and parts involves mixing clay, magnetite sand and granulated frozen water together and adding dry ice or carbon dioxide snow |
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