CN113990593A - 一种钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113990593A
CN113990593A CN202111171168.5A CN202111171168A CN113990593A CN 113990593 A CN113990593 A CN 113990593A CN 202111171168 A CN202111171168 A CN 202111171168A CN 113990593 A CN113990593 A CN 113990593A
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张孙云
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Ningbo Hemeida New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本申请属于磁体技术领域,具体涉及一种钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法,该钕铁硼磁体采用钕铁硼磁粉高温烧结获得,所述钕铁硼磁粉包括如下质量百分比的各组分:铒1‑3%、钇0.5‑2%、钆2‑4%、镨钕20‑30%、硼0.5‑2%、铝0.1‑1%、锆0.05‑0.5%、铜0.05‑0.3%、钴0.1‑1%、纯铁余量。本申请的钕铁硼磁体在磁粉配方中添加1‑3%的铒替代镨钕,在不降低磁性能的前提下降低生产成本,而且,采用2‑4%的钆也有利于降低生产成本,同时不影响钕铁硼磁体的磁性能,另外,添加0.5‑2%的钇可以改善加工性能,更易于加工。

Description

一种钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法
技术领域
本申请属于磁体技术领域,具体涉及一种钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法。
背景技术
钕铁硼磁体是由钕、铁、硼形成的四方晶系晶体,是现今磁性仅次于绝对零度钬磁铁的永久磁铁,也是最常使用的稀土磁铁。钕铁硼磁铁被广泛地应用于电子产品,例如硬盘、手机、耳机以及用电池供电的工具等。
在钕铁硼磁体的生产过程中,通常会选择添加铽、镝等稀土元素来提高磁体的磁性,导致钕铁硼磁体的生产成本较高,限制了许多下游生产厂家对钕铁硼磁体的选择。目前常用的方法是选择用价格相对较低的铈来代替这些昂贵的稀土元素,从而降低生产成本,但铈的添加量过大会严重影响磁体性能,因此,采用铈对稀土元素的替代存在一定的限制。
出于以上原因,有必要开发一种新的钕铁硼磁体,在减少昂贵稀土元素添加、降低成本的前提下,不影响磁体的磁性能。
发明内容
为了解决钕铁硼磁体中较多稀土元素的添加导致生产成本高的问题,本申请公开了一种钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供一种钕铁硼磁体,采用如下的技术方案:
一种钕铁硼磁体,采用钕铁硼磁粉高温烧结获得,所述钕铁硼磁粉包括如下质量百分比的各组分:铒1-3%、钇0.5-2%、钆2-4%、镨钕20-30%、硼0.5-2%、铝0.1-1%、锆0.05-0.5%、铜0.05-0.3%、钴0.1-1%、纯铁余量。
作为优选,上述钕铁硼磁粉为改性钕铁硼磁粉,改性方法为:
(1)将未改性的钕铁硼磁粉加入改性剂溶液中,搅拌10-30分钟,得到表面接枝改性剂的钕铁硼磁粉溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的溶液中加入不饱和单体和引发剂,搅拌分散均匀,使不饱和单体均匀吸附于钕铁硼磁粉表面,然后在聚合条件下进行聚合反应,使不饱和单体间发生聚合,包覆于钕铁硼磁粉表面,得到改性钕铁硼磁粉。
作为优选,上述改性剂的结构式为:
Figure BDA0003293230230000021
所述改性剂的制备方法为:将4-氨基-1,6-庚二烯和Pt-PMVS催化剂加入反应釜内,升温至90℃,搅拌下逐渐滴加三乙氧基硅烷,3-4h滴加完毕,然后继续反应3-4h,压滤去除催化剂,得到改性剂,其中4-氨基-1,6-庚二烯与三乙氧基硅烷的摩尔比为1:1,Pt-PMVS催化剂的添加量为30-50ppm,反应方程式为:
Figure BDA0003293230230000022
作为优选,上述步骤(1)中改性剂占未改性的钕铁硼磁粉的质量百分比为0.5-2%。
作为优选,上述步骤(1)中的改性剂溶液是改性剂的乙醇溶液。
作为优选,上述步骤(2)中加入的不饱和单体占未改性的钕铁硼磁粉的质量百分比为1-5%;所述步骤(2)中的不饱和单体为脂肪族不饱和单体;所述步骤(2)中的引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈或过氧化苯甲酰。
作为优选,上述步骤(2)是在氮气保护下进行,所述步骤(2)中的聚合条件为:升温至80-85℃搅拌反应1-2小时。
第二方面,本申请提供一种钕铁硼磁体的制备方法,采用如下的技术方案:
一种钕铁硼磁体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(A)按配比将各原料熔炼、氢碎、气流磨粉、改性获得改性钕铁硼磁粉;
(B)将改性钕铁硼磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型,得到钕铁硼磁体粗坯;
(C)将钕铁硼磁体粗坯真空下高温烧结,得到钕铁硼磁体。
作为优选,上述步骤(C)具体为:真空下钕铁硼磁体粗坯加热至300-400℃脱脂1-3小时,然后升温至500-800℃保温1-2小时,最后升温进行高温烧结,得到钕铁硼磁体。
作为优选,上述高温烧结的温度为1050-1100℃,时间为4-6小时。
本申请具有如下的有益效果:
(1)本申请的钕铁硼磁体在磁粉配方中添加1-3%的铒替代镨钕,在不降低磁性能的前提下降低生产成本,而且,采用2-4%的钆也有利于降低生产成本,同时不影响钕铁硼磁体的磁性能,另外,添加0.5-2%的钇可以改善加工性能,更易于加工;
(2)本申请所用的钕铁硼磁粉为改性钕铁硼磁粉,先用将改性剂接枝到钕铁硼磁粉表面,然后通过不饱和单体的聚合在磁粉表面形成牢固的有机包覆层,起到有效的隔绝作用,避免磁粉在存储过程中发生氧化影响磁粉性能进而影响磁体性能;
(3)本申请中的高温烧结温度相对较高,为1050-1100℃,可以改善铒元素在警戒内的均匀分布,提高矫顽力。
具体实施方式
现在结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
各组分质量百分比为:铒1%、钇2%、钆3%、镨钕23%、硼2%、铝0.2%、锆0.3%、铜0.1%、钴0.4%、纯铁余量。
(A)按配比将各原料熔炼、氢碎、气流磨粉得到未改性的钕铁硼磁粉;然后在氮气保护下,将0.5g改性剂均匀分散于适量乙醇中,加入100g未改性的钕铁硼磁粉,400r/min的转速下搅拌10分钟,然后搅拌下加入3g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0.01g AIBN,继续搅拌10分钟,升温至80℃搅拌反应2小时,完成聚合反应,抽滤、乙醇洗、干燥,得到改性钕铁硼磁粉;
(B)将改性钕铁硼磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型,得到钕铁硼磁体粗坯;
(C)真空下将钕铁硼磁体粗坯加热至300℃脱脂3小时,然后升温至500℃保温2小时脱除磁粉表面吸附的气体,最后升温至1050-1100℃高温烧结4小时,得到钕铁硼磁体。
实施例2
各组分质量百分比为:铒3%、钇0.5%、钆3.5%、镨钕28%、硼0.6%、铝0.8%、锆0.1%、铜0.3%、钴0.8%、纯铁余量。
(A)按配比将各原料熔炼、氢碎、气流磨粉得到未改性的钕铁硼磁粉;然后在氮气保护下,将1g改性剂均匀分散于适量乙醇中,加入100g未改性的钕铁硼磁粉,400r/min的转速下搅拌20分钟,然后搅拌下加入1g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0.01g AIBN,继续搅拌10分钟,升温至85℃搅拌反应1小时,完成聚合反应,抽滤、乙醇洗、干燥,得到改性钕铁硼磁粉;
(B)将改性钕铁硼磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型,得到钕铁硼磁体粗坯;
(C)真空下将钕铁硼磁体粗坯加热至350℃脱脂2小时,然后升温至600℃保温1小时脱除磁粉表面吸附的气体,最后升温至1050-1100℃高温烧结5小时,得到钕铁硼磁体。
实施例3
各组分质量百分比为:铒1.8%、钇0.8%、钆1.5%、镨钕24%、硼1.5%、铝0.4%、锆0.5%、铜0.2%、钴0.3%、纯铁余量。
(A)按配比将各原料熔炼、氢碎、气流磨粉得到未改性的钕铁硼磁粉;然后在氮气保护下,将2g改性剂均匀分散于适量乙醇中,加入100g未改性的钕铁硼磁粉,400r/min的转速下搅拌30分钟,然后搅拌下加入5g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0.01g BPO,继续搅拌10分钟,升温至85℃搅拌反应1小时,完成聚合反应,抽滤、乙醇洗、干燥,得到改性钕铁硼磁粉;
(B)将改性钕铁硼磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型,得到钕铁硼磁体粗坯;
(C)真空下将钕铁硼磁体粗坯加热至400℃脱脂1小时,然后升温至700℃保温1小时脱除磁粉表面吸附的气体,最后升温至1050-1100℃高温烧结6小时,得到钕铁硼磁体。
实施例4
各组分质量百分比为:铒2%、钇1%、钆3%、镨钕25%、硼0.92%、铝0.5%、锆0.2%、铜0.15%、钴0.5%、纯铁余量。
(A)按配比将各原料熔炼、氢碎、气流磨粉得到未改性的钕铁硼磁粉;然后在氮气保护下,将1.5g改性剂均匀分散于适量乙醇中,加入100g未改性的钕铁硼磁粉,400r/min的转速下搅拌20分钟,然后搅拌下加入2g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0.01g AIBN,继续搅拌10分钟,升温至85℃搅拌反应1小时,完成聚合反应,抽滤、乙醇洗、干燥,得到改性钕铁硼磁粉4;
(B)将改性钕铁硼磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型,得到钕铁硼磁体粗坯;
(C)真空下将钕铁硼磁体粗坯加热至350℃脱脂2小时,然后升温至600℃保温1小时脱除磁粉表面吸附的气体,最后升温至1050-1100℃高温烧结4小时,得到钕铁硼磁体。
对比例1
各组分质量百分比为:铒2%、钇1%、钆3%、镨钕25%、硼0.92%、铝0.5%、锆0.2%、铜0.15%、钴0.5%、纯铁余量。
(A)按配比将各原料熔炼、氢碎、气流磨粉得到未改性的钕铁硼磁粉;然后在氮气保护下,将1.5g硅烷偶联剂KH570均匀分散于适量乙醇中,加入100g未改性的钕铁硼磁粉,400r/min的转速下搅拌20分钟,然后搅拌下加入2g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0.01g AIBN,继续搅拌10分钟,升温至85℃搅拌反应1小时,完成聚合反应,抽滤、乙醇洗、干燥,得到改性钕铁硼磁粉4;
(B)将改性钕铁硼磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型,得到钕铁硼磁体粗坯;
(C)真空下将钕铁硼磁体粗坯加热至350℃脱脂2小时,然后升温至600℃保温1小时脱除磁粉表面吸附的气体,最后升温至1050-1100℃高温烧结4小时,得到钕铁硼磁体。
对比例2
各组分质量百分比为:铒2%、钇1%、钆3%、镨钕25%、硼0.92%、铝0.5%、锆0.2%、铜0.15%、钴0.5%、纯铁余量。
(A)按配比将各原料熔炼、氢碎、气流磨粉得到未改性的钕铁硼磁粉;然后在氮气保护下,将1.5g硅烷偶联剂KH550均匀分散于适量乙醇中,加入100g未改性的钕铁硼磁粉,400r/min的转速下搅拌20分钟,然后搅拌下加入2g甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0.01g AIBN,继续搅拌10分钟,升温至85℃搅拌反应1小时,完成聚合反应,抽滤、乙醇洗、干燥,得到改性钕铁硼磁粉4;
(B)将改性钕铁硼磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型,得到钕铁硼磁体粗坯;
(C)真空下将钕铁硼磁体粗坯加热至350℃脱脂2小时,然后升温至600℃保温1小时脱除磁粉表面吸附的气体,最后升温至1050-1100℃高温烧结4小时,得到钕铁硼磁体。
对以上实施例1-4和对比例1-2所制备的钕铁硼磁体进行磁性能测试,测试结果如表1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0003293230230000051
其中,磁体加速腐蚀试验采用PCT方法(温度为120℃,相对湿度为100%饱和模式,绝对蒸气压为0.2MPa)。
从表1可以看出,实施例1-4所制备的钕铁硼磁体10天PCT试验后的失重率为0.011-0.023mg/cm2,均具有良好的耐腐蚀性能,可能是用于实施例1-4所用改性剂中存在氨基,脱脂过程中产生氨气可以与对氮有较大亲和力的铝反应生成氮化铝,可以有效提高晶界相化学稳定性,细化晶粒,改善晶界相的分布,提高磁体密度,从而提高磁体的抗腐蚀性能和磁性能。而对比例1与实施例4相比,改性钕铁硼磁粉所用的改性剂为硅烷偶联剂KH570,10天PCT试验后的失重率为0.045mg/cm2,可能是由于KH570中不存在氨基,无法形成可改善耐腐蚀性能的氮化铝,导致对比例1的耐腐蚀性能下降。对比例2与实施例4相比,改性钕铁硼磁粉所用的改性剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550,10天PCT试验后的失重率为0.218mg/cm2,虽然KH550中存在氨基,但是由于其不存在双键,使得不饱和单体不能对磁粉形成良好的包覆作用,而磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型的过程中导致磁粉接触到少量的氧,导致对比例2所制备磁体的磁性能有所下降。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项申请技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项申请的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种钕铁硼磁体,其特征在于:采用钕铁硼磁粉高温烧结获得,所述钕铁硼磁粉包括如下质量百分比的各组分:铒1-3%、钇0.5-2%、钆2-4%、镨钕20-30%、硼0.5-2%、铝0.1-1%、锆0.05-0.5%、铜0.05-0.3%、钴0.1-1%、纯铁 余量。
2.如权利要求1所述的钕铁硼磁体,其特征在于:所述钕铁硼磁粉为改性钕铁硼磁粉,改性方法为:
(1)将未改性的钕铁硼磁粉加入改性剂溶液中,搅拌10-30分钟,得到表面接枝改性剂的钕铁硼磁粉溶液;
(2)向步骤(1)得到的溶液中加入不饱和单体和引发剂,搅拌分散均匀,使不饱和单体均匀吸附于钕铁硼磁粉表面,然后在聚合条件下进行聚合反应,使不饱和单体间发生聚合,包覆于钕铁硼磁粉表面,得到改性钕铁硼磁粉。
3.如权利要求2所述的钕铁硼磁体,其特征在于:所述改性剂的结构式为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
4.如权利要求2所述的钕铁硼磁体,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中改性剂占未改性的钕铁硼磁粉的质量百分比为0.5-2%。
5.如权利要求2所述的钕铁硼磁体,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的改性剂溶液是改性剂的乙醇溶液。
6.如权利要求2所述的钕铁硼磁体,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中加入的不饱和单体占未改性的钕铁硼磁粉的质量百分比为1-5%;所述步骤(2)中的不饱和单体为脂肪族不饱和单体;所述步骤(2)中的引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈或过氧化苯甲酰。
7.如权利要求2所述的钕铁硼磁体,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)是在氮气保护下进行,所述步骤(2)中的聚合条件为:升温至80-85℃搅拌反应1-2小时。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的钕铁硼磁体的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(A)按配比将各原料熔炼、氢碎、气流磨粉、改性获得改性钕铁硼磁粉;
(B)将改性钕铁硼磁粉在磁场中进行取向压制成型,得到钕铁硼磁体粗坯;
(C)将钕铁硼磁体粗坯真空下高温烧结,得到钕铁硼磁体。
9.如权利要求8所述的钕铁硼磁体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(C)具体为:真空下钕铁硼磁体粗坯加热至300-400℃脱脂1-3小时,然后升温至500-800℃保温1-2小时,最后升温进行高温烧结,得到钕铁硼磁体。
10.如权利要求9所述的钕铁硼磁体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高温烧结的温度为1050-1100℃,时间为4-6小时。
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CN117095892B (zh) * 2023-10-13 2024-02-09 包头天石稀土新材料有限责任公司 烧结钕铁硼永磁体及其制备方法

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