CN113985483A - 具有集成的防夹系统的车身零件 - Google Patents

具有集成的防夹系统的车身零件 Download PDF

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CN113985483A
CN113985483A CN202110189597.9A CN202110189597A CN113985483A CN 113985483 A CN113985483 A CN 113985483A CN 202110189597 A CN202110189597 A CN 202110189597A CN 113985483 A CN113985483 A CN 113985483A
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capacitive sensor
peripheral region
main body
flush
wires
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塞巴斯蒂安·阿特豪德·贝尔特
大卫·特雷斯
帕特里斯·米格尔
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Plastic Omnium SE
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    • E05F15/46—Detection using safety edges responsive to changes in electrical capacitance
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的车身零件(1)，所述车身零件包括由塑料制成的主体(2)和防夹系统。所述防夹系统包括电容式传感器，所述电容式传感器至少包括通过焊接集成在所述主体的厚度中的第一导线(4)，所述电容式传感器适于检测在所述主体的周边区域中是否存在物体或使用者的手。

Description

具有集成的防夹系统的车身零件
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车工业的领域，更具体地说，涉及旨在安装在机动车辆上的由塑料制成的车身零件。
背景技术
众多现代车辆配备有由塑料制成的车身零件，例如配备有旨在实现打开和关闭功能的马达的关闭件，比如尾门或车门。这样的关闭件可配备有包括布置在关闭件周边、在侧边缘处的电容式传感器的防夹装置。
电容式传感器允许短距离检测由于存在物体或在传感器的检测域中存在物体而造成的电容变化。
一般来说，这样的传感器因此通过检测电容变化而无需接触地检测是否存在进入检测域的物体。该防夹装置于是在障碍物夹在关闭件与车辆车身之间之前停止关闭尾门。
这样的传感器可用来在众多类型的机动车辆关闭件(例如：电动车窗升降器、可打开的车顶、侧门、滑动门、尾门)中检测是否存在障碍物。
这样的电容式传感器由于对金属和非金属敏感而具有能够短距离检测是否存在所有类型的物体或材料的优点。
电容式传感器基于电容器的原理，电容器的电容尤其取决于分隔其电极的电介质的性质和分隔其电极的距离。一般来说，该电介质是空气。由此，被引至电极附近的任何具有不同的介电常数或相对介电常数(空气的是1)的物体引起可检测到的变化(例如，人体的介电常数非常接近于大小为81的水的介电常数)。检测该变化允许检测是否存在物体。
形成传感器的电容器的电极中的一个可以由尤其是金属制的导线或导电膜构成。
目前在机动车工业中使用的电容式传感器一般是布置在关闭件上、在不同敏感区域中的系统。
“敏感区域”指其中存在夹住风险的区域。对于后部关闭件而言，其尤其涉及位于关闭件周边与车身之间的区域。
因此存在将这些电容式传感器布置得尽可能接近敏感区域以便能够在该敏感区域确保尽可能好的检测的真实需求。
然而，如上所述，电容式传感器是如下的系统：该系统一般必须布置在关闭件上并且基于固定到支撑件的导线，该支撑件例如是形成塑料壳或束的柔性套。
因此，这些系统具有大的体积或高的刚性，它们因此难以集成在关闭件的环境中，这复杂化、甚至妨碍为了允许最优检测而尽可能接近敏感区域的最优布置。
此外，这些添置的电容式系统的固定需要增加固定元件，这些固定元件根据其性质会增大电容式系统的总体积和/或可能复杂化该电容式系统与所涉及的车身零件之间的组装步骤。
最后，这些系统一般容置在关闭件的可见区域(即使用者在关闭件处于打开位置时看见的区域)当中。除了不美观以外，这样的布置还具有风险，这是因为该装置可能会被使用者不小心碰到或勾到。
而且，在呈形成束的套的形式的支撑件的情况下，该支撑件一般通过彼此间隔开的不同点固定到关闭件。每个点因此意味着一个具有风险的点，这是因为它们每个都可能会在车辆振动或拍打的作用下松脱，由此造成令使用者不愉快的杂音。
发明内容
本发明的目的尤其在于弥补以上列出的所有缺陷。
为此，本发明的主题在于一种用于机动车辆的车身零件，其特征在于，该车身零件包括由塑料制成的主体和防夹系统，该防夹系统包括电容式传感器，该电容式传感器至少包括通过焊接以与主体平齐或不平齐的方式集成在主体的厚度中的第一导线，该第一导线至少部分地位于所述主体的周边区域中，所述电容式传感器适于检测在所述周边区域中是否存在物体或使用者的手。
由此，根据本发明的车身零件提供最接近主体的周边区域和最接近目标敏感区域的检测。它因此允许通过防夹系统的电容式传感器进行优化了的检测，这是因为所述传感器的导线尽可能地集成得最接近零件主体的边缘。此外，根据本发明的车身零件具有在维持其主体在厚度上的小体积的同时还包括防夹系统的优点。因此，所谓“与主体平齐或不平齐”的导线指该导线与主体的相邻表面分别形成形状连续的表面或起伏。
有利地，电容式传感器包括通过焊接以与主体平齐或不平齐的方式集成在主体的厚度中的第二导线，该第二导线至少部分地位于所述主体的周边区域中。
因此，由电容式传感器进行的对在敏感区域中是否存在物体的检测通过考虑物体的存在在两个导线之间产生的电容差而得以优化。更确切地说，这两个导线之一被视为“发射线”，而另一个被视为“接收线”。
有利地，周边区域是自主体的边缘延伸到与所述边缘相距20mm的这样的区域。由此可最接近敏感区域地检测是否存在物体。有利地，周边区域自主体的边缘延伸到与所述边缘相距10mm。进一步更有利地，周边区域自主体的边缘延伸到与所述边缘相距5mm。
有利地，导线的焊接通过施加超声波振动来实现。
由此，可在主体中制造沟槽，并且几乎同时地在沟槽中嵌入导线，这使得焊接既快速又可靠。这样的焊接可借助于超声波焊头(sonotrode)通过以下步骤实现：
-将导线的一部分插入超声波焊头的自由端部的空腔中；
-对超声波焊头施加超声波振动，并插入线，以在主体的塑料厚度中制造沟槽并将线嵌入其中。
有利地，所述零件包括通过胶合剂条带添置到主体上的元件，该胶合剂条带覆盖导线中的至少一个。
由此，被胶合剂条带覆盖的这个导线(或这些导线)得到保护，这确保电容式传感器的耐久性，因此提供所考虑的敏感区域中的物体检测的安全性。
有利地，主体和添置的元件形成密封体积，第一导线和/或第二导线位于该密封体积中。
本发明的主题还在于一种机动车辆，其包括至少一个根据本发明的车身零件的变型中的任一个的车身零件。
有利地，所述车身零件是关闭件，比如尾门、侧门、引擎盖或可打开的车顶。
附图说明
通过阅读以下仅作为示例提供和参照附图做出的说明将更好地理解本发明，在附图中：
-图1是根据本发明的一种实施方式的机动车辆尾门的立体视图；
-图2是图1的尾门沿着剖面II-II的剖视图组(图2A、图2B和图2C)；
-图3是图1的尾门沿着剖面III-III的剖视图组(图3A和图3B)。
具体实施方式
在图1至图3B中示出了根据本发明不同实施变型的车身零件(形式为尾门)，该零件用通用附图标记1指示。
根据本发明的车身零件1包括由塑料制成的主体2和防夹系统，该防夹系统包括电容式传感器，该电容式传感器至少包括通过焊接以与主体2平齐或不平齐的方式集成在主体2的厚度中的第一导线4，第一导线4至少部分地位于所述主体的周边区域中，所述电容式传感器适于检测在所述周边区域中是否存在物体或使用者的手(未示出)。
如图1至图3B所示的零件1包括添置在主体2上的元件3，在本例子中为添置的外部蒙皮3。在这些图中示出的本发明的零件的防夹系统的电容式传感器包括第二导线5，该第二导线5也通过焊接以与主体2平齐或不平齐的方式集成在主体2的厚度中。该第二导线5也至少部分地位于所述主体2的周边区域中。
如图2A至图3B所示，通过施加超声波振动，将第一导线4和第二导线5以不平齐的方式焊接到主体2，从而它们与主体2的相邻表面形成起伏。这两个导线4和5是电容式传感器的元件，该电容式传感器另外还包括能够处理在检测物体或使用者的手时接收的数据的电子系统(未示出)。该电容式传感器本身则是防夹系统的子组件，该防夹系统包括控制系统，该控制系统能够控制负责尾门1的关闭和打开的致动器，以便在有夹住风险的情况下停止关闭或打开该尾门。
导线4和5可以以平齐的方式焊接，由此与主体2的相邻表面形成平坦的表面，这进一步减小主体2的该特定部分的局部体积，并且还保护这些导线免受任何侵扰，这是因为它们由此完全嵌在塑料材料中。
导线4和5位于主体2的周边区域内，这允许在尾门1组装之后就优化对车辆的该敏感区域中可能的夹住的检测。在图2A至图2C中示出的主体2对应于尾门1的侧立柱，而它在图3A至图3B中则对应于尾门1的下部部分。
然而，车辆可能会包括对尾门1的打开和关闭敏感的其它敏感区域，尾门1因此可能包括至少一个另外的电容式传感器，如图2C和图3B所示。在设计上类似于前述电容式传感器的该第二电容式传感器也是防夹系统的子组件，并包括以与主体2的相邻表面平齐的方式焊接在最接近另一个敏感区域处的第一导线7和第二导线8。由此，防夹系统具有多个电容式传感器，这允许它确保对有风险的情况的更好的检测和精细化它传输给尾门1的致动器的指令。
如上所述，尾门1包括外部蒙皮3。该外部蒙皮添置在主体2上，并通过位于主体2的周边区域中的胶合剂条带6固定。
如图2A、图2B和图3A所示，两个导线之一4或5被胶合剂条带6覆盖，这从整体上保护该导线并确保所述线和最终电容式传感器随时间推移的耐久性。在图2C和图3B示出的本发明的一个变型中，两个导线4和5都被胶合剂条带6覆盖，因此两者都被该胶合剂条带6保护。主体2和外部蒙皮3形成密封体积9，在该密封体积9内可焊接导线4和5，该密封体积9不能够被使用者通达并且最接近边缘。由此，在对应的敏感区域内可实现更好的检测，这是因为导线4和5在其上组装有尾门1的车辆(未示出)使用过程中受损的可能性小很多。导线4和5与胶合剂条带6之间的该构造还确保由不期望的水流动造成的对导线4和5的损坏较少，这些损坏有干扰传感器运作的风险。
本发明不限于所说明的实施方式，其它实施方式对于本领域技术人员而言是明显的。例如，线或导线之一可集成在外部蒙皮的与主体相对的内部面上。当导线之一不集成在密封体积内时，它可优选地以平齐的方式集成在主体的厚度中，并可由此受到更好的保护。当传感器配备有两个导线时，这些导线可以同时集成在主体的厚度中，这至少允许能够将它们相互平行地集成在零件的厚度内。它们还可以用与实现胶合剂条带的布设的设备相同的设备来集成(为此，该设备可具有配备了胶合剂条带布设喷嘴和用于集成所述线的超声波焊头的头部)。
附图标记列表：
1：车身零件(尾门)
2：主体
3：外部蒙皮
4：电容式传感器的第一导线
5：电容式传感器的第二导线
6：胶合剂条带
7：第二电容式传感器的第一导线
8：第二电容式传感器的第二导线
9：密封体积

Claims (8)

1.一种用于机动车辆的车身零件(1)，其特征在于，所述车身零件包括由塑料制成的主体(2)和防夹系统，所述防夹系统包括电容式传感器，所述电容式传感器至少包括通过焊接以与所述主体(2)平齐或不平齐的方式集成在所述主体的厚度中的第一导线(4)，所述第一导线(4)至少部分地位于所述主体(2)的周边区域中，所述电容式传感器适于检测在所述周边区域中是否存在物体或使用者的手。
2.如权利要求1所述的零件(1)，其中，所述电容式传感器包括通过焊接以与所述主体(2)平齐或不平齐的方式集成在所述主体(2)的厚度中的第二导线(5)，所述第二导线(5)至少部分地位于所述主体(2)的周边区域中。
3.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的零件(1)，其中，所述周边区域是自所述主体(2)的边缘延伸到与所述边缘相距20mm的这样的区域。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的零件(1)，其中，所述导线(4、5)的所述焊接通过施加超声波振动来实现。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的零件(1)，所述零件包括通过胶合剂条带(6)添置到所述主体(2)上的元件(3)，所述胶合剂条带(6)覆盖所述导线(4、5)中的至少一个。
6.如权利要求5所述的零件(1)，其中，所述主体(2)和添置的所述元件(3)形成密封体积(9)，所述第一导线(4)和/或所述第二导线(5)位于所述密封体积(9)中。
7.一种机动车辆，所述机动车辆包括至少一个如上述权利要求中任一项所述的车身零件(1)。
8.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中，所述车身零件(1)是关闭件，比如尾门、侧门、引擎盖或可打开的车顶。
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