CN113968755A

CN113968755A - Quick-acting organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113968755A
Application number: CN202010724126.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄正明; 黄静; 黄浩
Original assignee: Chongqing Zheshu Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Zheshu Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-24
Filing date: 2020-07-24
Publication date: 2022-01-25

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a quick-acting organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. A preparation method of a quick-acting organic fertilizer comprises the following steps of: the preparation method of the mixture comprises the following steps: soaking the crushed straws in livestock and poultry urine, and taking the straws saturated with the livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture; anaerobic fermentation: anaerobically fermenting the mixture to obtain an anaerobically treated mixture; a dehydration step: and (3) placing the mixture after the anaerobic treatment into special drying equipment, and controlling the temperature to be 30-60 ℃ for dehydration treatment to obtain the quick-acting organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer obtained by the scheme can solve the technical problems that the existing fertilizer is not comprehensive in nutrition and damages the soil environment and the fertilizer efficiency of the existing organic fertilizer is too slow. The organic fertilizer of the scheme makes full and comprehensive use of livestock and poultry urine and straws, solves the problem of environmental pollution, and has good application prospect.

Description

Quick-acting organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a quick-acting organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The nutrient elements in the fertilizer are directly absorbed by plants, and the fertilizer is called quick-acting fertilizer. If the nutrient elements in the fertilizer can not be directly absorbed by plants, the fertilizer is called slow-release fertilizer, and the slow-release fertilizer needs to be decomposed and converted after being applied to supply effective nutrients to crops. For example, chemical fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like can be dissolved in water, are in an ionic state, can be directly absorbed by plants, and belong to the category of quick-acting fertilizers. Almost all organic fertilizers (such as animal manure, reactor, green manure and the like) and a few chemical fertilizers (such as powdered rock phosphate and the like) belong to slow-acting fertilizers, and nutrient elements contained in the fertilizers cannot be directly absorbed by plants and can be utilized only by biotransformation for a certain time.

However, since quick-acting fertilizers such as fertilizers do not contain organic matters and humus, if the fertilizers are used in large quantities, the granular structure of soil is damaged due to the lack of the organic matters and the humus, so that the soil is hardened, and the yield of agricultural plants is reduced. The quick-acting fertilizer has single general component, so long-term use of the fertilizer inevitably leads to single nutrient in soil and easy crop nutrition imbalance, thereby causing the internal transformation and synthesis of crops to be blocked and inevitably leading to the quality reduction of the crops. Although the organic fertilizer in the slow-acting fertilizer can overcome the defects of the quick-acting fertilizer, the requirement of economic crops such as fruit trees and the like on nutrition during flowering and fruiting can not be met due to the slow effect exertion speed. At present, no fertilizer combining the advantages of quick-acting fertilizer and organic fertilizer appears on the market, and a novel fertilizer which can meet the quick-acting nutritional requirement of economic crops, has comprehensive nutrition and does not damage the soil environment is urgently needed to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a quick-acting organic fertilizer, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing fertilizer is incomplete in nutrition and damages the soil environment, and the fertilizer efficiency of the existing organic fertilizer is too slow.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a quick-acting organic fertilizer comprises the following steps of:

the preparation method of the mixture comprises the following steps: soaking the crushed straws in livestock and poultry urine, and then taking the straws adsorbed with the livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture;

anaerobic fermentation: anaerobically fermenting the mixture to obtain an anaerobically treated mixture;

a dehydration step: and (4) dehydrating the mixture after the anaerobic treatment to obtain the quick-acting organic fertilizer.

The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows: the scheme adopts the straws as the adsorption matrix to adsorb the nutrient components in the urine of the livestock and poultry to form the quick-acting organic fertilizer. The crushed straws are soaked in the livestock and poultry urine, and the straws fully absorb the urine to obtain a mixture. The mixture is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, urea, uric acid, inorganic salt and other substances in urine and the straw which is the adsorption matrix form stable combination, and then a large amount of moisture in the materials is removed through drying and dehydration, so that the organic fertilizer meeting the standard is obtained. The quick-acting organic fertilizer has the excellent characteristics of the existing organic fertilizer, such as the prevention of soil structure from being damaged, green and environmental protection; also has the characteristics of quick fertilizer effect and easy absorption by crops. The quick-acting organic fertilizer of the scheme is a novel fertilizer which can meet the quick-acting nutritional requirement of economic crops, has comprehensive nutrition and cannot cause damage to the soil environment.

The organic fertilizer of the scheme is fully and comprehensively utilized. In animal breeding, animal excrement is widely used for producing organic fertilizers, and most of animal urine is directly or indirectly discharged to rivers to cause pollution except for being partially used for producing biogas. The urine of livestock and poultry contains a large amount of nutrient elements, but the nutrient elements are not fully utilized, and become a factor polluting the environment. The livestock and poultry urine contains urea, uric acid, hippuric acid, creatinine and various inorganic salts, and the nutrients are easily absorbed by crops. However, the transportation difficulty of the livestock urine is high (the water content is high), and elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the livestock urine are easy to volatilize into the air, so that the loss of nutrient components is caused. The inventor finds that the straw can effectively adsorb the livestock urine through multi-way trial, and solves the technical problem that nutritional ingredients in the livestock urine are easy to volatilize and lose. The inventor simultaneously tries saw wood flour, chaff or husk powder and other materials as the adsorption carrier of the livestock and poultry urine, and does not receive good effect.

The biomass of the straws is large, and if the straws cannot be effectively treated (timely harvested and subjected to harmless treatment), the decayed straws can also cause pollution to the ecological environment. The scheme can consume a large amount of straws and is an effective way for comprehensively utilizing the straws. Wherein, the straw is a general term of stem leaf (and ear) parts of mature crops.

Further, in the step of preparing the mixture, 3-6 parts by weight of livestock and poultry urine is used for soaking 1 part by weight of straws for 1-2 hours; the straws comprise 1-5 of wheat straws, rice straws, rape straws, lima bean straws or corn straws; the crushed straws are powdery or in a 1-5 cm node shape; the livestock and poultry urine is pig urine or cattle urine.

By adopting the technical scheme, the weight proportion and the soaking time can ensure that sufficient livestock and poultry urine (mainly nutrient substances in the urine) is adsorbed on the straws; the straws of the types are common in the field, and the scheme can comprehensively treat and recycle the straws. After the straw is crushed, the contact area between the straw and urine can be enlarged, and the adsorption capacity of the straw to the urine is increased; pig urine or cow urine is common waste discharged by animal husbandry and breeding industries, and contains a large amount of nutrient components which can be used for crops such as fruits and vegetables.

Further, in the anaerobic fermentation step, the anaerobic fermentation method comprises the following steps: placing the mixture in a sealed container, and standing for 3-6 days.

By adopting the technical scheme, the mixture is placed in a closed container for 3-6 days, urea, uric acid, inorganic salt and other substances in urine form stable combination with the straw which is the adsorption matrix, and the volatilization of nitrogen can be prevented.

Further, in the dehydration step, the mixture after the anaerobic treatment is dehydrated to the moisture content of 35-45% in the environment of 30-60 ℃.

With the technical scheme, the environment at 30-60 ℃ can avoid the nutrient substances from being damaged and provide enough temperature for drying the fertilizer. The moisture content is 35% -45%, the excessive drying and removal of the moisture in the fertilizer are avoided, and the nutrient substances in the fertilizer are not damaged in the drying process.

Further, in the dehydration step, the mixture after the anaerobic treatment is dehydrated in the environment of 30-60 ℃ until the moisture content is below 30 percent.

By adopting the technical scheme, the moisture content is below 30%, the fertilizer is dry, the self weight is reduced, and the transportation is convenient; and the water content is less, which is beneficial to the long-term storage of the fertilizer.

Further, an aerobic fermentation step is also arranged between the anaerobic fermentation step and the dehydration step: adding functional bacteria into the mixture after anaerobic treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the functional bacteria to the straws is 0.5:1000-1:1000, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 4-8 days to obtain a mixture after aerobic fermentation; in the dehydration step, the aerobic fermentation is performed and then dehydration treatment is performed to obtain the quick-acting organic bacterial manure.

By adopting the technical scheme, the functional bacteria are added, so that the organic components in the straws can be further decomposed for crop utilization; and after the fertilizer is applied to soil, the functional bacteria can gradually decompose organic matters in the soil environment for being absorbed by crops.

Further, the method also comprises the repeated step after the dehydration step: and soaking the quick-acting organic fertilizer obtained in the step of dehydrating by using the livestock and poultry urine, taking the quick-acting organic fertilizer absorbed with the livestock and poultry urine, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation and dehydration treatment to obtain the quick-acting organic fertilizer I.

By adopting the technical scheme, the content of nutrient substances in the quick-acting organic fertilizer can be enhanced. If the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content can reach more than 5 percent without repeated steps, the organic fertilizer standard can be met, but if the organic fertilizer has higher requirement on the content of nutrient components, the repeated steps can be adopted.

Further, the method also comprises the repeated step after the dehydration step: and soaking the quick-acting organic fertilizer obtained in the step of dehydrating by using the livestock and poultry urine, taking the quick-acting organic fertilizer absorbed with the livestock and poultry urine, then carrying out anaerobic fermentation, adding functional bacteria for aerobic fermentation, and finally dehydrating to obtain the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer I.

By adopting the technical scheme, the functional bacteria are added to further decompose the organic components in the straws, and the organic matters in the soil environment can be gradually decomposed for the absorption of crops after the application.

Further, the number of times of performing the repeating step is 2 to 5 times.

By adopting the technical scheme, the content of nutrient substances in the organic fertilizer can be increased by repeating the steps for multiple times. For example, when the steps are repeated for a plurality of times, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can reach more than 20 percent. The more the repetition times are, the more the nutrient content in the fertilizer is, and the more the organic matter content of the fertilizer can reach more than 50%.

Further, the quick-acting organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method.

By adopting the scheme, the crushed straws are soaked in the livestock and poultry urine, and the straws fully absorb the urine to obtain a mixture. And then placing the mixture in a closed container, forming stable combination of substances such as urea, uric acid and inorganic salt in urine and the straw which is the adsorption matrix, and then removing a large amount of moisture in the materials by drying and dehydration to obtain the organic fertilizer meeting the standard. The organic fertilizer is different from the traditional organic fertilizer, has the property of quickly exerting the fertilizer efficiency, and overcomes the defect of the organic fertilizer in the prior art on the fertilizer efficiency speed. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer are mostly in salt form and are shown to be quick-acting on crops, the content of nutrients in the fertilizer is higher than that of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the fertilizer is tan, loose and tasteless. The quick-acting organic fertilizer prepared by the scheme is suitable for application of fruit trees, vegetables and crops, and can be applied as additional fertilizer and base fertilizer. The application amount of the fertilizer is 50-80 kg/mu of rice, 100-150 kg/mu of corn and 150-300 kg/mu of fruit trees, and the product reaches the green or organic standard.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a drying and dehydrating apparatus for fertilizer according to example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the drum of example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion B of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a right side view (not vertically cut) of the portion B of fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a right side view of an air duct of example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a drum according to example 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a right side view of the inner ring of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a rotary drum 1, an air pipe 2, a connecting hose 3, a supporting plate 4, a base 5, a sliding chute 6, a rack 7, a feeding cover 8, a first supporting column 9, a supporting roller 10, a gear 11, a second supporting column 12, a rotating shaft 13, a belt 14, a driving wheel 15, a central shaft 16, a motor 17, an air gathering sheet 18, an anti-blocking sheet 19, a rotary drum side wall 20, a rotary drum bottom wall 21, a discharge hole 22, a gauze ball 23, an air branch pipe 24, an anti-blocking sheet air outlet 25, an inner ring 26, a connecting rod 27, a handle 28 and a partition plate 29.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, a fertilizer drying and dewatering device comprises a rotary drum 1, an air supply structure, a power structure and a support structure. As shown in fig. 2, the central axis of the drum 1 is horizontal, and the drum 1 includes a drum side wall 20 and a drum bottom wall 21 at both ends of the drum side wall 20. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the side wall 20 of the drum is provided with a feeding port, and a feeding cover 8 is fixed on the feeding port through a screw, in this embodiment, the number of the feeding port and the feeding cover 8 is two. A discharge port 22 (a discharge cover is not shown, specifically, a steel plate is fixed on the outer side of the drum bottom wall 21 through a screw) is arranged on the drum bottom wall 21 on the right side, and the discharge port 22 is arranged close to the feeding cover 8. A plurality of air outlets (diameter 1cm) are formed in the side wall 20 of the rotary drum to ensure that gas evaporated by drying can escape from the inside of the device through the air outlets, so that fertilizer is dried, and moisture is reduced to meet the relevant standards of the fertilizer (NY525-2012, organic fertilizer).

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the blowing structure includes an air duct 2 and an air branch duct 24. The central axes of the central axis rotary drums 1 of the air pipes 2 are overlapped. The rotary drum diapire 21 of 1 both sides of rotary drum is passed at the both ends of tuber pipe 2, and the left end sealing connection of tuber pipe 2 has coupling hose 3 (be used for connecting the air heater among the prior art), and the right-hand member of tuber pipe 2 is equipped with gauze group 23 (for plugging up tuber pipe 2, prevent that wind from overflowing to external environment, avoid the energy extravagant). The wind pipe 2 is rotatably connected with the bottom wall 21 of the rotary drum on two sides of the rotary drum 1 through bearings. The air branch pipe 24 is fixed on the part of the air pipe 2 in the rotary drum 1, and comprises the following specific steps: the air branch pipes 24 are welded at the lower part of the air pipe 2, the air branch pipes 24 are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the air pipe 2, and the air branch pipes 24 are communicated with the air pipe 2, as shown in fig. 3, the air gathering pieces 18 are welded at the upper ends of the air branch pipes 24, and the air gathering pieces 18 are bent towards the air inlet end of the air pipe 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the height of the wind-collecting blades 18 (i.e., the distance from the end of the wind-collecting blades 18 far from the wind branch pipes 24 to the inner surface of the wind pipe 2) decreases in turn along the axial direction of the wind pipe 2. The width of the wind gathering sheet 18 is 3-4cm, so that the temperature in the rotary drum 1 can be further effectively controlled to be consistent front and back, and the material is heated uniformly. In the present embodiment, the height of the leftmost wind-collecting piece 18 is 4cm, and the height of the rightmost wind-collecting piece 18 is 1 cm. Since the wind flows from the left end to the right end of the wind pipe 2 at a certain speed, a phenomenon that the wind does not smoothly enter the wind branch pipe 24 (the phenomenon is more serious at the left part of the device) occurs, and if the wind is hot wind, the phenomenon that the fertilizer is not sufficiently dried, the temperature of the left section of the device is low, and the temperature of the right section of the device is high can be caused. Therefore, the gradient arrangement of the wind gathering sheet 18 can enable more wind to enter the wind branch pipe 24 at the left section of the wind pipe 2, and the whole device can be ensured to heat (hot wind) or cool (cold wind) fertilizers more fully and uniformly. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the lower end of the wind branch pipe 24 is welded with the anti-blocking piece 19, one end of the anti-blocking piece 19 is welded to the lower end of the wind branch pipe 24, and the other end is bent in the direction in which the drum 1 rotates. In this embodiment, when viewing fig. 2 from the right to left direction, the bowl 1 rotates clockwise, and the anti-clogging element 19 bends toward the paper surface of fig. 2. The anti-blocking piece 19 is arranged to ensure that the lower end of the wind branch pipe 24 is not blocked by fertilizer. As shown in fig. 4, the lower end of the anti-blocking piece 19 is further opened with an anti-blocking piece air outlet 25 to ensure that wind flows into the lower part of the anti-blocking piece 19. All seted up a plurality of diameters for 1 cm's aperture on tuber pipe 2 and wind branch pipe 24's the pipe wall, and tuber pipe 2 and wind branch pipe 24 mutually perpendicular, in this embodiment, all wind branch pipes 24 are located the coplanar.

As shown in fig. 1, the supporting structure includes a supporting plate 4, a base 5 and an auxiliary part, the supporting plate 4 is located at the left and right sides of the drum 1, the lower end of the supporting plate 4 is welded on the base 5, and the base 5 is placed on the ground. The auxiliary portion includes two first support columns 9 (the lower extreme of first support column 9 welds on base 5) and supporting roller 10, and the quantity of auxiliary portion is four (show two in fig. 2, another two are sheltered from by rotary drum 1, and two auxiliary portions that are sheltered from and two visible auxiliary portions are mirror symmetry distribution with the vertical plane at rotary drum 1's axis place). The number of the first supporting columns 9 corresponding to one supporting roller 10 is two, and the two supporting columns are respectively positioned at two sides of the supporting roller 10. A roller shaft is fixed between the two first supporting columns 9, the roller shaft is arranged in a supporting roller 10 in a penetrating way, and the supporting roller 10 can rotate. The outer surface of the rotary drum 1 is provided with an annular sliding chute 6, and the plane of the sliding chute 6 is vertical to the central axis of the rotary drum 1. The supporting roller 10 is arranged in the chute 6 and is connected with the rotary drum 1 in a sliding way, and the supporting roller 10 is contacted with the bottom of the chute 6 to support the rotary drum 1. The air pipe 2 penetrates through and is welded on the supporting plates 4 at two sides.

As shown in fig. 1, the power structure includes a gear 11, a rack 7 and a motor 17, and the gear 11 and the rack 7 are engaged with each other. The rack 7 is annular and is welded and fixed on the outer surface of the rotary drum 1, and the plane of the rack 7 is vertical to the central axis of the rotary drum 1. A central shaft 16 is penetrated and welded at the center of the gear 11. Three second supporting columns 12 are welded on the base 5, a central shaft 16 penetrates through the three second supporting columns 12, and the central shaft 16 can rotate. The gear 11 is located between the two second support columns 12 on the left side, and the gear 11 and the central shaft 16 are fixed through screws. A driving wheel 15 is further arranged on the central shaft 16 in a penetrating mode, the driving wheel 15 is located between the two second supporting columns 12 on the right side, and the driving wheel 15 and the central shaft 16 are fixed through screws. The output end of the motor 17 is fixed with a rotating shaft 13 through a screw, and the rotating shaft 13 drives the driving wheel 15 to rotate through a belt 14, so as to drive the gear 11 to rotate, and further drive the whole rotary drum 1 to rotate.

The specific implementation process is as follows: when fertilizer drying is needed, the motor 17 is started, the feed inlet on the rotary drum 1 is adjusted to the upper part, fertilizer to be dried is added into the rotary drum 1 from the feed inlet, and then the feed inlet is covered by the feed cover 8 and is fixed by screws. Then the hot air blower is started to send hot air to the air pipe 2 (the temperature of the materials in the rotary drum is kept between 30 and 60 ℃), the motor 17 is started again, the rotary drum 1 is made to rotate intermittently (the rotary drum rotates for 2 to 3 seconds at the linear speed of between 20 and 40cm/s within every 1 min), the fertilizer is dried after the specified time, the hot air sending is stopped, and cold air sending (between 20 and 25 ℃) is started. And cooling the fertilizer by cold air treatment, observing whether the fertilizer reaches the standard after cooling, and if the moisture content still does not meet the requirement, starting hot air again, and alternately treating the hot air and the cold air until the fertilizer meets the requirement. In cold air treatment and hot air treatment, the rotary drum rotates for 2-3s at the linear speed of 20-40 cm/s within 1min to ensure that the fertilizer does not cake. After the fertilizer drying is completed, the discharge port 22 is turned to the lower side, the motor 17 is stopped, the discharge cover is opened, and the dried fertilizer is taken out.

In addition, the inventor conducts experiments under the condition that the rotary drum 1 is continuously rotated (linear speed of 20cm/s-40 cm/s), and finds that the fertilizer is massively caked and cannot meet the fertilizer requirement. In addition, the temperature of the materials in the rotary drum in the drying process is adjusted to 100 ℃, and a great amount of nutrient substances in the fertilizer are found to be damaged; the inventors also adjusted the temperature of the material in the drum during the drying process to 50 c and found that the moisture content of the fertilizer was difficult to reduce below 40%. By adopting the equipment and the process conditions of the scheme, the water content of 7-8 tons of crude fertilizer products can be reduced from more than 80% to less than 40% within 2h, the efficiency is high, the nutrient components in the fertilizer are not greatly damaged through detection, and the content of the nutrient components meets the relevant standards of the fertilizer (NY525-2012, organic fertilizer).

Example 2

The present embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is different in the arrangement of the wind branch pipes 24, as shown in fig. 6, the wind branch pipes 24 are not located on the same plane, but are distributed in a staggered manner, so as to increase the uniformity of the contact between the wind and the material and increase the drying efficiency. The method specifically comprises the following steps: in the present embodiment, the wind branch pipes 24 are divided into three types: wind branch pipe I, wind branch pipe II and wind branch pipe III. The wind branch pipe I is vertically arranged, the wind branch pipe II inclines to the left lower side, and the wind branch pipe III inclines to the right lower side. From left to right (based on the orientation of fig. 2), the wind branch pipes 24 (in this embodiment, there are 12 wind branch pipes 24, namely, 4 wind branch pipes i, 4 wind branch pipes ii, and 4 wind branch pipes iii) are distributed in the order of wind branch pipe i, wind branch pipe ii, wind branch pipe iii, wind branch pipe i, wind branch pipe ii, and wind branch pipe iii. And the wind branch pipe 24 closest to the wind inlet is vertically arranged, and the wind branch pipe 24 close to the wind inlet is the wind branch pipe I.

The protocol of this example is summarized as follows: a fertilizer drying and dewatering device comprises an air supply structure and a rotary drum for rotation; the air supply structure comprises an air pipe and a plurality of air branch pipes, the air pipe and the rotary drum are coaxially arranged, one ends of the air branch pipes are fixed on the air pipe, and the air branch pipes are communicated with the air pipe; the wind gathering sheet is fixed on one end of the wind branch pipe fixed with the wind pipe and is positioned in the wind pipe; the air pipe is internally provided with air in a one-way flowing manner, and the height of the air collecting sheet is gradually reduced along the direction of the air inlet end far away from the air pipe. The air branch pipes are distributed along the axial direction of the air pipe; the wind branch pipe comprises a wind branch pipe I, a wind branch pipe II and a wind branch pipe III, wherein the wind branch pipe I is vertically arranged, and the wind branch pipe II and the wind branch pipe III are obliquely and downwards arranged. And the pipe walls of the air pipe and the air branch pipe are provided with a plurality of small holes. And one end of the air branch pipe, which is far away from the air pipe, is fixed with an anti-blocking sheet for preventing the material from blocking the air branch pipe. The anti-blocking piece is provided with an air outlet hole of the anti-blocking piece. The drying and dewatering device further comprises a power structure, the power structure comprises a gear and an annular rack, the gear is meshed with the rack, the annular rack is fixed on the outer surface of the rotary drum and coaxial with the rotary drum, and the gear is used for driving the rotary drum to rotate. The drying and dewatering device further comprises a supporting structure, the supporting structure comprises an auxiliary portion used for supporting the rotary drum, the auxiliary portion comprises a supporting roller and an annular sliding groove, the annular sliding groove is formed in the outer surface of the rotary drum and is coaxial with the rotary drum, and the supporting roller is connected with the rotary drum in a sliding mode through the sliding groove. The rotating drum rotates intermittently; rotating the rotary drum at a linear speed of 20-40 cm/s for 2-3s every 1 min; during the drying operation, the temperature of the material in the drum is 30-60 ℃. A plurality of air outlet holes are formed in the side wall of the rotary drum; one end of the air pipe, which is far away from the air inlet end, is blocked with a gauze ball.

Example 3

The present embodiment is an improvement of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, and the improvement is that a discharge auxiliary structure is added to embodiment 1 or embodiment 2. Because the drum 1 is deep, after the fertilizer drying is completed, the problem of how to smoothly take out the dried fertilizer needs to be solved. As shown in fig. 7, the discharging auxiliary structure includes a connecting rod 27 and two inner rings 26. The inner ring 26 is constructed as shown in fig. 8, and a baffle 29 is integrally formed on the inner ring 26, and the baffle 29 is used for better pushing the material. As shown in fig. 7, a connecting rod 27 is welded and fixed to the inner ring 26 on the side away from the partition 29, and the outer surface of the inner ring 26 contacts the inner surface of the drum sidewall 20. The connecting rod 27 passes through the right side of the bottom wall 21 of the rotary drum and is welded with a handle 28. When the drying and material taking are completed, the connecting rod 27 is positioned at the upper part of the rotary drum 1, the material outlet 22 is positioned at the lower part of the rotary drum 1, at the moment, the connecting rod 27 is pulled by the hand-held handle 28, and the material is pushed to move towards the material outlet 22 under the action of the inner ring 26 and the partition plate 29, so that the problem of inconvenient material outlet caused by the deeper rotary drum 1 is solved.

Example 4

The preparation method of the mixture comprises the following steps: crushing corn straws into 1-5 cm sections by using a crusher, and then adding fresh cow urine into the crushed straws for soaking, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws to the fresh cow urine is 1: 4. Soaking in a pool for 2 hours (soaking while slightly stirring), opening a urine outlet, pumping the residual urine back into a urine pool, and delivering the material saturated with moisture into an anaerobic fermentation pool, wherein the material is the mixture (straw absorbed with cow urine) to be processed next step.

Anaerobic fermentation: and (3) putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, covering the fermentation tank with black sealing cloth to seal the whole fermentation tank, stacking the mixture in the fermentation tank for 4 days to obtain the mixture after anaerobic treatment, and taking out the mixture to be processed in the next step.

A dehydration step: placing the mixture subjected to anaerobic treatment in a drying and dehydrating device (the fertilizer drying and dehydrating device in embodiment 2), introducing hot air into the drying and dehydrating device to keep the temperature of the material at 50 ℃, and performing drying treatment until the moisture content is 35-45% (intermittent sampling detection until the moisture content is 35-45%) to obtain a brown, loose and tasteless quick-acting organic fertilizer, and performing conventional detection on the fertilizer (refer to a detection method in a standard NY525-2012 organic fertilizer).

Examples 5-11 are essentially the same as example 1, except for the selection of parameters, as detailed in table 1.

Example 5 replacement of bovine urine with swine urine and other parameter settings are detailed in table 1.

Embodiment 6 on the basis of embodiment 4, the first-time dried quick-acting organic fertilizer is further processed, so that the nutrient substances in urine are further enriched in the fertilizer, specifically as follows:

the preparation method of the mixture comprises the following steps: crushing wheat straws into 1-5 cm sections by using a crusher, and then adding fresh cow urine into the crushed straws for soaking, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat straws to the fresh cow urine is 1: 5. Soaking in a pool for 2 hours (soaking while slightly stirring), opening a urine outlet, pumping the residual urine back into a urine pool, and delivering the material saturated with moisture into an anaerobic fermentation pool, wherein the material is the mixture (straw absorbed with cow urine) to be processed next step.

Anaerobic fermentation: and (3) putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, covering the fermentation tank with black sealing cloth to seal the whole fermentation tank, stacking the mixture in the fermentation tank for 5 days to obtain the mixture after anaerobic treatment, and taking out the mixture to be processed in the next step.

A dehydration step: placing the mixture subjected to anaerobic treatment in a drying and dehydrating device (the fertilizer drying and dehydrating device in example 2), introducing hot air into the drying and dehydrating device to keep the temperature of the material at 40 ℃, and performing drying treatment until the moisture content is 35-45% (intermittently sampling and detecting until the moisture content is 35-45%) to obtain the brown, loose and tasteless quick-acting organic fertilizer.

Repeating the steps: the quick-acting organic fertilizer obtained in the last step is soaked by the cow urine, the dosage of the cow urine is the same as that in the step of preparing the mixture, and the soaking time and conditions are also consistent with that in the step of preparing the mixture. After the soaking is finished, the same operation as the anaerobic fermentation step is carried out, and after the anaerobic fermentation is finished, the moisture is removed according to the requirement in the dehydration step, so that the quick-acting organic fertilizer I is obtained.

The times of the repeated steps in examples 7 to 10 are increased in sequence, and the obtained fertilizer has the advantage that the nutrient content is gradually increased along with the increase of the times of the repeated steps, so that the fertilizer prepared by adopting the scheme can adjust the content of the nutrient according to actual requirements, and has the characteristic of flexible use.

In example 11, the moisture content of the final product is reduced to below 30%, the self weight of the fertilizer is reduced, the transportation is convenient, and the moisture content is reduced, so that the preservation is convenient. By controlling the dehydration time, temperature, etc. of the dehydration step (using the apparatus of examples 1-3), the moisture content in the fertilizer can be controlled to 30%. The water content can be adjusted to other levels according to the requirement

Example 12

Aerobic fermentation: functional bacteria (natural yang-bathing organisms, biological functional bacteria, execution standard GB 20287-. Composting fermentation is a conventional means in the prior art, and the object to be fermented is spread and contacted with air, and the fermentation process is realized under the aerobic condition.

A dehydration step: placing the mixture after aerobic fermentation into a drying and dehydrating device (a fertilizer drying and dehydrating device in embodiment 2), introducing hot air into the drying and dehydrating device to keep the temperature of the material at 50 ℃, drying until the moisture content is 35-45% (intermittently sampling and detecting until the moisture content is 35-45%), obtaining the tan, loose and tasteless quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer, and performing conventional detection on the fertilizer (refer to a detection method in a standard NY525-2012 organic fertilizer). The detection shows that the water content of the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer is 37.2 percent, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5.10 percent.

Example 13

Repeating the steps: the quick-acting organic fertilizer obtained in the last step is soaked by the cow urine, the dosage of the cow urine is the same as that in the step of preparing the mixture, and the soaking time and conditions are also consistent with that in the step of preparing the mixture. After completion of the soaking, the same operation as the "anaerobic fermentation step" is performed. After the anaerobic fermentation is finished, functional bacteria (natural shower organisms, biological functional bacteria, execution standard GB 20287 + 2006 which contains nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-dissolving and potassium-dissolving flora) are mixed into the mixture after the anaerobic treatment, the mass ratio of the functional bacteria to the straws is 0.5:1000, and the mixture is subjected to compost fermentation for 8 days to obtain the mixture after the aerobic fermentation. And (3) removing water according to the requirements in the dehydration step to obtain the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer I. The detection shows that the water content of the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer is 41.0 percent, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 9.32 percent.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 1 except that sawn timber was used instead of corn stover and the other parameters are as shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 2

This comparative example is essentially the same as example 10 except that sawn timber was used instead of corn stover and the other parameters are as shown in Table 1.

The parameter selection and test results of comparative examples 3 to 8 are detailed in table 1.

Comparative example 9

Aerobic fermentation: functional bacteria (natural yang-bathing organisms, biological functional bacteria, execution standard GB 20287-.

A dehydration step: placing the mixture after aerobic fermentation into a drying and dehydrating device (a fertilizer drying and dehydrating device in embodiment 2), introducing hot air into the drying and dehydrating device to keep the temperature of the material at 50 ℃, drying until the moisture content is 35-45% (intermittently sampling and detecting until the moisture content is 35-45%), obtaining the tan, loose and tasteless quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer, and performing conventional detection on the fertilizer (refer to a detection method in a standard NY525-2012 organic fertilizer). The detection shows that the water content of the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer is 40.9 percent, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2.41 percent. This comparative example (compared to example 12) did not have an anaerobic fermentation step prior to aerobic fermentation, and elements such as NPK were largely lost during aerobic fermentation. However, if anaerobic fermentation is performed first, nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are effectively fixed in the straw, and even if an aerobic fermentation means is adopted later, the nutrient substances can still exist in the fertilizer stably.

Table 1: selection of Process parameters and results of measurements for examples and comparative examples

In examples 1 to 7, the preparation method can obtain an organic fertilizer meeting the national standard requirements, and the fertilizer not only contains a large amount of organic matters, but also contains a large amount of salts capable of quickly taking effect, and can realize the functions of a quick-acting fertilizer and an organic fertilizer. The matrix material used in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 is not straw, and cannot sufficiently adsorb the nutrient components in urine, and the obtained fertilizer has low content of nutrient substances. Comparative example 3 bovine urine was used in greater amounts but was less helpful in increasing the nutrient content of the fertilizer; comparative example 4 the use amount of cow urine is too small, so that the straw can not fully adsorb urine, and the content of nutrient components in the fertilizer is too small. In comparative example 5, although the soaking time was long, the content of the nutrient components in the fertilizer was not increased much. The anaerobic fermentation time of comparative example 6 is too short, so that the straw does not effectively adsorb the nutrient substances in urine, and therefore, the content of the nutrient components in the fertilizer is too low. The drying temperature of comparative example 7 was too high, causing the nutritional ingredients to be destroyed and not stably present in the finally obtained fertilizer. The drying temperature of comparative example 8 was too low, resulting in that the moisture content of the fertilizer could not be reduced below 45% for a long time.

Experimental example: fruit tree planting test

A longevity Shatian pomelo planting test is carried out in longevity lake towns in Chongqing City, and the quick-acting organic fertilizer prepared in the example 7 and the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer I prepared in the example 13 are selected according to the nutrition level required by Shatian pomelos for carrying out the test. The main difference between examples 4-11 is that the number of times of repeating the steps is different, so that the content of the nutrient substances is different, the selection can be carried out according to the nutrient substance demand of the planted crops, and the fertilization amount can also be calculated according to the nutrient substance content in the quick-acting organic fertilizer and the crop demand. Example 13 was performed with a larger amount of functional bacteria than example 4, and example 12 was also different from example 13 in that the number of repetition steps was different, so that the nutrient content was different.

The pomelo trees in the long-life arena with the age of 30 years are selected as experimental objects, and the experimental fertilizers comprise: the quick-acting organic fertilizer prepared in example 4, the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer prepared in example 13 and the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (commercial compound national standard fertilizer, GB 18877-2009 organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, with 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content) were purchased. The fertilizer is applied twice, namely spring fertilizer and strong fruit fertilizer, which are respectively applied in the middle and last ten days of 3 months and in the middle and last ten days of 5 months. And symmetrically digging two fertilizing grooves with the length of 1 meter, the width of 0.3 meter and the depth of 0.3 meter outside the crown, and applying organic matters into the grooves in a layered manner for backfilling. The fertilizer application amount of the organic fertilizer is 150 kg/mu (experiment groups 1 and 2 use the fertilizers of example 7 and example 13 respectively), 200 kg/mu (experiment groups 3 and 4 use the fertilizers prepared in example 7 and example 13 respectively), and 300 kg/mu (

experiment groups

5 and 6 use the fertilizers prepared in example 7 and example 13 respectively); the fertilizing amount of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 200 kg/mu (control group), and each experimental group (control group) comprises 3 fruit trees (about 26 fruit trees per mu). The test is carried out for two years, and the same fertilization method is adopted for the same fruit tree. After fruit trees bear fruits every year, counting the number of the first-class fruits on each longevity Shatian pomelo tree, wherein the first-class fruits refer to more than 0.75Kg Shatian pomelos, and the number of the first-class fruits is shown in table 2.

Table 2: experimental results of Shatian pomelo planting

According to experimental results, the planting effect of the quick-acting organic fertilizer and the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer prepared by the scheme is superior to that of the existing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the effect is more excellent due to the addition of the mixed bacteria. The fertilizer prepared by the scheme completely avoids using chemical fertilizers, and is more environment-friendly. By continuously using the fertilizer prepared by the scheme, the yield of the Shatian pomelo can be increased year by year, and the use of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of the control group can have negative influence on the soil environment to a certain extent, so that the yield of the Shatian pomelo in 2019 is slightly reduced.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the quick-acting organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The method for preparing the quick-acting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of preparing the mixture, 1 part by weight of straw is soaked in 3-6 parts by weight of livestock and poultry urine for 1-2 hours; the straws comprise 1-5 of wheat straws, rice straws, rape straws, lima bean straws or corn straws; the crushed straws are powdery or in a 1-5 cm node shape; the livestock and poultry urine is pig urine or cattle urine.

3. The method for preparing the quick-acting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the anaerobic fermentation step, the anaerobic fermentation method comprises the following steps: placing the mixture in a sealed container, and standing for 3-6 days.

4. The method for preparing the quick-acting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the dehydration step, the mixture after the anaerobic treatment is dehydrated to the moisture content of 35-45% in the environment of 30-60 ℃.

5. The method for preparing the quick-acting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the dehydration step, the mixture after the anaerobic treatment is dehydrated to the moisture content of below 30% in the environment of 30-60 ℃.

6. The method for preparing the quick-acting organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein an aerobic fermentation step is further provided between the anaerobic fermentation step and the dehydration step: adding functional bacteria into the mixture after anaerobic treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the functional bacteria to the straws is 0.5:1000-1:1000, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 4-8 days to obtain a mixture after aerobic fermentation; in the dehydration step, the mixture after aerobic fermentation is dehydrated to obtain the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer.

7. The method for preparing the quick-acting organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, further comprising the step of repeating, after the step of dehydrating: and soaking the quick-acting organic fertilizer obtained in the step of dehydrating by using the livestock and poultry urine, taking the quick-acting organic fertilizer absorbed with the livestock and poultry urine, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation and dehydration treatment to obtain the quick-acting organic fertilizer I.

8. The method for preparing the quick-acting organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, further comprising the step of repeating, after the step of dehydrating: and soaking the quick-acting organic fertilizer obtained in the step of dehydrating by using the livestock and poultry urine, taking the quick-acting organic fertilizer absorbed with the livestock and poultry urine, then carrying out anaerobic fermentation, adding functional bacteria for aerobic fermentation, and finally dehydrating to obtain the quick-acting organic bacterial fertilizer I.

9. The method for preparing a quick-acting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the repetition of the steps is performed 2-5 times.

10. The quick-acting organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-5.