CN113966709B

CN113966709B - Leaf vegetable culture medium, preparation method and application

Info

Publication number: CN113966709B
Application number: CN202111157199.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余小兰; 李晓亮; 王进闯; 李光义; 邹雨坤; 李勤奋
Original assignee: CATAS Environment and Plant Protection Institute
Current assignee: CATAS Environment and Plant Protection Institute
Priority date: 2021-09-30
Filing date: 2021-09-30
Publication date: 2023-03-31
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-30
Also published as: CN113966709A

Abstract

The invention discloses a leaf vegetable cultivation substrate, which comprises, by weight, 25-35 parts of decomposed straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast, 25-30 parts of coconut husk and 3-8 parts of inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum. The invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the leaf vegetable culture medium. The leaf vegetable culture medium disclosed by the invention does not contain turf components, can effectively relieve the supply-demand contradiction of turf resources, and can promote the synthesis of free amino acid of leaf vegetables by taking the arthrobacter oxydans as a beneficial microorganism. The cultivation substrate disclosed by the invention is used for planting leaf vegetables, the yield is high, the content of free amino acid in leaves is high, the preparation method is simple, and the industrial production can be realized.

Description

Leaf vegetable culture medium, preparation method and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless culture of vegetables, and particularly relates to a leaf vegetable culture medium, a preparation method and application.

Background

The leaf vegetables are one of the main vegetable crops in China, account for about 25 percent of the total vegetable yield, have short growth cycle, high nutritional value and large market demand, and occupy very important position in the agricultural planting industry.

Soilless culture refers to a method for cultivating and growing seedlings of crops by using a substrate and the like without using natural soil, is mainly applied to the production of fruits, vegetables or flowers and plants, and is a high-yield high-quality advanced culture technology which saves water, fertilizer and labor.

The quality of the substrate directly determines the yield and quality of the crop. The high-quality substrate can provide a good ventilation environment and a proper water holding capacity for plants, and has the advantages of light weight, convenience in transportation, no plant diseases and insect pests, economic and environment-friendly raw materials and the like. With the popularization and application of the soilless culture technology, the demand of the matrix is larger and larger, and the variety of the matrix is richer and richer. At present, most countries in the world adopt gravel, sand, peat (grass), vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sawdust and the like as fixing substrates. The turf is a culture medium which is most widely applied in the world and has ideal effects, but the turf is a non-renewable resource and has relatively high price, so that a new matrix material needs to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at one or more of the defects or the improvement needs in the prior art, the invention provides a leaf vegetable culture medium, a preparation method and application. The cultivation substrate of the invention is adopted to plant leaf vegetables, the yield is high, and the content of free amino acid in leaves is high.

According to one aspect of the invention, the leaf vegetable cultivation substrate is provided, and the preparation raw materials of the substrate comprise, by weight, 25-35 parts of decomposed straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast, 25-30 parts of coconut husk and 3-8 parts of inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum.

As a further improvement of the invention, the decomposed straw is a material obtained after the crop straw is piled and decomposed, and is sieved by a sieve of 20-30 meshes.

As a further improvement of the invention, the effective viable count of the inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum is 2-5 multiplied by 10 ⁸ cfu/mL。

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a leafy vegetable culture substrate, comprising the steps of:

s1, uniformly mixing the decomposed straw, wormcast and coconut chaff for later use;

s2, selecting an arthrobacter oxydans strain, inoculating the arthrobacter oxydans strain into a liquid culture medium for constant-temperature culture until the effective viable count is 2-5 multiplied by 10 ⁸ cfu/mL, and uniformly spraying the cfu/mL into the mixture prepared in the step S1 to prepare the leaf vegetable culture medium.

As a further improvement of the invention, the preparation raw materials comprise, by weight, 25-35 parts of decomposed straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast, 25-30 parts of coconut husk and 3-8 parts of oxidizing arthrobacter inoculant.

As a further improvement of the invention, in step S2, the liquid medium comprises the following components: 3.0 to 5.0g/L of glucose, 2.0 to 5.0g/L of peptone, 0.5 to 1.0g/L of yeast powder, 4.0 to 5.0g/L of NaCl and MgSO ₄ 0.2-0.4 g/L of water and 1.0L of water; adjusting the initial pH value of the liquid culture medium to 6.5-7.5, feeding the liquid culture medium into an autoclave, and sterilizing the liquid culture medium for 10-20 min at the temperature of 121 ℃.

As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S2, the temperature for constant temperature culture is 28-30 ℃.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the application of the leaf vegetable culture medium in leaf vegetable culture is provided.

The wormcast has the characteristics of comprehensive nutrients, rich organic matters, beneficial microbial floras, humic acid and the like, and has great application values in the aspects of improving soil, promoting roots and strengthening seedlings, inhibiting soil-borne diseases, resisting continuous cropping, improving crop quality and the like. The decomposed straw is rich in large, medium and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, copper and the like, and active substances such as amino acid and the like, and is also an excellent organic material. Researches show that the compound of wormcast and decomposed compost can replace grass carbon in a culture medium, and inoculation of arthrobacter oxydans on the basis can further increase crop yield and improve crop quality, and especially the content of free amino acid can be obviously increased. The invention has clean and safe raw materials and comprehensive and rich nutrients, can effectively relieve the contradiction between supply and demand of turf resources, can increase the yield of leaf vegetables and promote the synthesis of free amino acid in leaves.

Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

the leaf vegetable culture medium disclosed by the invention does not contain turf components, can effectively relieve the supply and demand contradiction of turf resources, and can promote the synthesis of free amino acids of leaf vegetables by taking arthrobacter oxydans as a beneficial microorganism. The cultivation medium disclosed by the invention is adopted to plant leaf vegetables, the yield is high, and the content of free amino acids in leaves is high; the leaf vegetable culture medium disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, can be produced in an industrial manner, and is wide in application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph I showing the cultivation results of the substrate of the present invention and the substrate of the comparative example on leaf vegetables;

FIG. 2 is a graph II showing the results of the cultivation of leafy vegetables by the substrate according to the example of the present invention and the comparative example;

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the respective embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

The invention provides a leaf vegetable cultivation substrate, which comprises, by weight, 25-35 parts of decomposed straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast, 25-30 parts of coconut husk and 3-8 parts of inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum. The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps:

s1, uniformly mixing decomposed straw, wormcast and coconut husk in parts by weight for later use;

s2, selecting Arthrobacter oxydans, inoculating the Arthrobacter oxydans into a liquid culture medium, and culturing at the constant temperature of 28-30 ℃ until the effective viable count is 2-5 multiplied by 10 ⁸ cfu/mL, and then uniformly spraying the cfu/mL into the mixture prepared in the step S1 to prepare the leaf vegetable culture medium.

Wherein the Arthrobacter oxydans liquid culture medium comprises the following components: 3.0 to 5.0g/L of glucose, 2.0 to 5.0g/L of peptone, 0.5 to 1.0g/L of yeast powder, 4.0 to 5.0g/L of NaCl and MgSO ₄ 0.2-0.4 g/L of water and 1.0L of water; adjusting the initial pH value of the liquid culture medium to 6.5-7.5, feeding the liquid culture medium into an autoclave, and sterilizing the liquid culture medium for 10-20 min at the temperature of 121 ℃.

In the following examples, the test materials selected were as follows:

the black leaf cabbage seeds are selected from conventional seeds, shenzhen Shang's model seeds Limited.

Arthrobacter oxydans (Arthrobacter oxydans) purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center with the collection number of CGMCC 1.1925.

Example 1

The leaf vegetable culture medium of the embodiment comprises the following components: 25kg of decomposed straw, 30kg of wormcast, 25kg of coconut husk and 8L of inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum, wherein the effective viable count in the microbial inoculum is 2 multiplied by 10 ⁸ cfu/mL。

The preparation method of the leaf vegetable culture medium comprises the following steps:

(1) Uniformly mixing the decomposed straw (20 meshes), wormcast and coconut husk according to the weight parts for later use;

(2) Selecting Arthrobacter oxydans, inoculating into liquid culture medium, and culturing at 28 deg.C until effective viable count is 2 × 10 ⁸ cfu/mL, then uniformly spraying the mixture prepared in the step (1), packaging and preparing.

Wherein the components of the Arthrobacter oxydans liquid culture medium are as follows: glucose 3.0g/L, peptone 2.0g/L, yeast powder 0.5g/L, naCl 4.0g/L, mgSO ₄ 0.2g/L of water and 1.0L of water; the initial pH of the liquid medium was adjusted to 6.5. Sterilizing in autoclave at 121 deg.C for 10min.

Example 2

The leaf vegetable culture medium of the embodiment comprises the following components: 30kg of decomposed straw, 25kg of wormcast, 28kg of coconut husk and 5L of inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum, wherein the effective viable count in the microbial inoculum is 3 multiplied by 10 ⁸ cfu/mL。

(1) Uniformly mixing decomposed straw (24 meshes), wormcast and coconut husk according to parts by weight for later use;

(2) Selecting Arthrobacter oxydans, inoculating into liquid culture medium, culturing at 29 deg.C until effective viable count is 3 × 10 ⁸ cfu/mL, then uniformly spraying the mixture prepared in the step (1), packaging and preparing.

Wherein the components of the Arthrobacter oxydans liquid culture medium are as follows: glucose 4.0g/L, peptone 2.5g/L, yeast powder 0.75g/L, naCl 4.5g/L, mgSO ₄ 0.3g/L of water and 1.0L of water; the initial pH of the liquid medium was adjusted to 7.0. Sterilizing in autoclave at 121 deg.C for 15min.

Example 3

The leaf vegetable culture medium of the embodiment consists of the following components: 35kg of decomposed straw, 20kg of wormcast, 30kg of coconut husk and 3L of inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum, wherein the effective viable count in the microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 10 ⁸ cfu/mL。

(1) Uniformly mixing the decomposed straw (30 meshes), wormcast and coconut husk according to the weight parts for later use;

(2) Selecting Arthrobacter oxydans, inoculating into liquid culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature of 30 deg.C until effective viable count is 3 × 10 ⁸ cfu/mL, then uniformly spraying the mixture prepared in the step (1), packaging and preparing.

Wherein the components of the Arthrobacter oxydans liquid culture medium are as follows: 5.0g/L glucose, 5.0g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast powder, 5.0g/L NaCl, mgSO ₄ 0.4g/L of water and 1.0L of water; the initial pH of the liquid medium was adjusted to 7.5. Sterilizing in autoclave at 121 deg.C for 20min.

Comparative example 1

A leaf vegetable culture medium comprises the following components: 55kg of turf, 25kg of coconut husk and 8L of inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum, wherein the effective viable count in the microbial inoculum is 2 multiplied by 10 ⁸ cfu/mL。

(1) Uniformly mixing the turf and the coconut coir according to the parts by weight for later use;

Comparative example 2

A leaf vegetable culture medium comprises the following components: 25kg of decomposed straw, 30kg of wormcast and 25kg of coconut husk.

mixing decomposed straw (30 meshes), wormcast and coconut husk uniformly according to the weight parts, and packaging to obtain the fertilizer.

Experimental example 1:

physical properties of the leaf vegetable cultivation substrates prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were measured, and the measurement indexes included volume weight (g/cm) ³ ) Total porosity (%) and electrical conductivity (uS/cm), the results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 physical Properties of different leaf vegetable culture media

Note: different letters in the table indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05), the following.

As can be seen from Table 1, the water-holding porosity of the leaf vegetable culture medium in each experimental group has no significant difference. The volume weight of the comparison examples 2 and 1 is obviously larger than that of the comparison examples 2-3 and 1, mainly because the volume weight of the wormcast is larger, and the wormcast is more added in the comparison examples 2 and 1. The conductivity examples 1-3 and the comparative example 2 are obviously higher than the comparative example 1, and prove that the decomposed straw and wormcast are used as the leaf vegetable cultivation substrate instead of peat, so that more inorganic salts are contained, and more inorganic nutrient substances can be provided.

Experimental example 2:

5L of the leafy cabbage cultivation substrate prepared in the example 1-3 and the comparative example 1-2 was filled in a 21-hole plastic pot, the leafy cabbage seeds were the conventional black leaf cabbage seeds produced by Shenzhen model inscription seeds Limited, 10% hydrogen peroxide was used for surface sterilization of the black leaf cabbage seeds, the black leaf cabbage seeds were sowed after being washed clean with sterile water, and the sowing quantity and weight of each pot were consistent. Thinning seedlings after 5 days of seedling emergence to ensure that the number and the growth vigor of seedlings in each pot are consistent. When the black leaf cabbage reaches the harvesting stage, collecting a fresh plant sample, and determining the biomass and the content of free amino acid, wherein the content of the free amino acid is determined by a ninhydrin color development method.

TABLE 2 influence of different leafy vegetable cultivation media on the biomass and free amino acids of black leaf cabbage

As can be seen from table 2, in terms of biomass, although there is no significant difference between control 1 and control 2, the biomass of a single plant of the black leaf cabbage of control 2 is greater than that of control 1, and it can be seen that the decomposed straw and wormcast are used to replace grass peat, which has a promoting effect on the growth of the black leaf cabbage; the biomass of the individual black leaf cabbage of examples 1-3 is significantly greater than that of the control 1-2 (as can be seen from the planting result graphs of fig. 1 and fig. 2), and it is proved that the yield of the black leaf cabbage can be improved by adding the arthrobacter oxydans on the basis of replacing grass peat with decomposed straw and wormcast. For free amino acid, the content of free amino acid in the experimental group without adding arthrobacter oxydans (control example 2) is obviously lower than that in other experimental groups, and the arthrobacter oxydans is proved to have a key effect on the synthesis of the free amino acid in the black leaf cabbage.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a black-leaf cabbage culture substrate is characterized in that the preparation raw materials of the substrate comprise, by weight, 25-35 parts of decomposed straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast, 25-30 parts of coconut husk and 3-8 parts of an arthrobacter oxydans microbial inoculum; the method comprises the following steps:

s1, uniformly mixing decomposed straw, wormcast and coconut husk in parts by weight for later use; the decomposed straw is the material after the crop straw is piled up and decomposed, and is sieved by a sieve of 20-30 meshes;

s2, selecting an arthrobacter oxydans strain, inoculating the arthrobacter oxydans strain into a liquid culture medium for constant-temperature culture until the effective viable count is 2-5 multiplied by 10 ⁸ cfu/mL, and then uniformly sprayed on the mixture prepared in step S1And preparing the culture substrate in the material.

2. The method for preparing a culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the number of active bacteria in the inobacter oxydans is 2 to 5 x 10 ⁸ cfu/mL。

3. The preparation method of the culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials for the preparation comprise, by weight, 25-35 parts of decomposed straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast, 25-30 parts of coconut husk and 3-8 parts of inobacter oxydans microbial inoculum.

4. The method for preparing a culture medium according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the liquid medium comprises: 3.0 to 5.0g/L of glucose, 2.0 to 5.0g/L of peptone, 0.5 to 1.0g/L of yeast powder, 4.0 to 5.0g/L of NaCl and MgSO ₄ 0.2-0.4 g/L of water and 1.0L of water; adjusting the initial pH value of the liquid culture medium to 6.5-7.5, feeding the liquid culture medium into an autoclave, and sterilizing the liquid culture medium for 10-20 min at the temperature of 121 ℃.

5. The method for preparing a culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the temperature for the constant temperature culture in step S2 is 28 to 30 ℃.

6. Use of a culture substrate according to any one of claims 1-3 for the cultivation of leafy vegetables.