CN113951409B - 一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁及其加工方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
- A23L2/84—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter using microorganisms or biological material, e.g. enzymes
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备果汁技术领域,尤其是涉及一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁及其加工方法。其加工出的果汁中活菌含量达到108 cfu/mL以上,营养价值高,改善了不老莓本身的涩味,风味优良,无任何添加剂,绿色健康。本发明果汁由以下重量份原料组成:不老莓原浆40‑60份、纯净水33‑57份、葡萄糖3‑7份、乳酸菌,通过1)果汁预处理;2)菌种活化;3)接种;4)主发酵;5)后发酵的步骤制备而成。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及制备果汁技术领域,尤其是涉及一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁及其加工方法。
背景技术:
不老莓,学名黑果腺肋花楸,其果实中富含各类生物活性物质,多酚、黄酮、花青素含量在所有已知植物中最高。此外,研究表明黑果腺肋花楸在抗氧化、抑菌、抗炎、降低心血管疾病风险、预防及治疗糖尿病等方面均发挥着积极作用。
目前,市面上最常见的不老莓加工产品包括功能性精华液和果汁饮料两类。
功能性精华液营养价值高,但价格昂贵,口感酸涩,因此难以打开消费市场。
果汁饮料通过调配掩盖了不老莓本身的酸涩口感,价格相对低廉,但加工过程中热烫、高温灭菌等操作会导致生物活性物质的大量损失,蔗糖、果葡糖浆等物质的加入也使产品成为高糖食品,丧失了不老莓本身的营养价值优势,并且不适宜糖尿病患者、肥胖症患者和老年人食用。
发明内容:
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁及其加工方法,加工出的果汁中活菌含量达到108cfu/mL以上,营养价值高,改善了不老莓本身的涩味,风味优良,无任何添加剂,绿色健康。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁,其特征在于,所述果汁由以下重量份原料组成:不老莓原浆40-60份、纯净水33-57份、葡萄糖3-7份、乳酸菌。
进一步,不老莓原浆是由成熟、无病害的不老莓果实,清水洗净后,破碎打浆,并于4℃冷藏30min,过滤除去果渣沉淀后获得。
进一步,乳酸菌为鼠李糖乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌及短乳杆菌中的一种或多种。
一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁的加工方法的步骤为:
1)果汁预处理:按照比例称量不老莓原浆、葡萄糖与纯净水,混合均匀,使用食品级NaHCO3调节其pH至4.6-5.0后,高压均质,并进行巴氏杀菌处理,冷却至20-30℃,得到发酵原汁;
2)菌种活化:将乳酸菌从冻存甘油管取出后,接种入MRS液体培养基,35-37℃恒温培养箱培养15-18h后,取出1mL接种入新的MRS液体培养基进行二次扩培,至培养基中菌液浓度为1010cfu/mL以上,停止培养,离心分离菌体,弃掉培养基,无菌生理盐水冲洗菌体后,使用无菌水重悬菌体,得到发酵剂;
3)接种:将发酵剂按比例接种到发酵原汁中,搅拌均匀;
4)主发酵:将步骤3)接种后的发酵原汁置于35-37℃恒温培养箱中静置培养42h或72h后停止发酵;
5)后发酵:主发酵结束后,将发酵果汁于0-4℃环境中静置24h,即得活菌型不老莓发酵果汁,活菌型不老莓发酵果汁应于0-4℃条件下贮藏运输。
进一步,步骤1)中高压均质的方法为:0-4℃,15-20Mpa条件下均质两次;
进一步,步骤1)中巴氏杀菌的方法为80-90℃维持5-10min。
进一步,步骤3)中接种比例为:单一菌种发酵剂接种比例2-8%;两种混合发酵剂接种比例0.5-5%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的优点和效果如下:
1)本发明通过发酵,使得不老莓果汁中原有的营养物质得到优化,与发酵原汁相比,发酵后果汁总酚与黄酮含量均得到升高;
2)本发明发酵过程中,不老莓中一些具有特殊气味的物质被分解,乳酸菌代谢产生有机酸、氨基酸等物质,对果汁风味有明显改善,其酸涩味道大大减弱,香气更加浓郁,消费者可接受度提升;
3)本发明的活菌型不老莓发酵果汁属于活菌型果汁,乳酸菌含量可以达到108cfu/mL以上,远高于《GB 7101-2015食品安全国家标准饮料》中对于活菌型乳酸菌饮料菌浓度的要求,产品中的乳酸菌被人体摄入后,可以改善肠道菌群结构、维持肠道菌群生态平衡,刺激免疫细胞的活化和代谢、调节机体免疫反应,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,对人体健康有极大益处;
4)本发明原料中只增加了葡萄糖,没有使用任何添加剂及调味剂,既加快乳酸菌发酵过程、缩短发酵时间,又保证产品绿色健康、适用人群广泛。
附图说明:
图1活菌型不老莓发酵果汁实施例发酵过程中菌落浓度变化,其中(a)为实施例1发酵过程中菌落浓度变化图;(b)为实施例2发酵过程中菌落浓度变化图;
图2活菌型不老莓发酵果汁实施例与对比例总酚含量;
图3活菌型不老莓发酵果汁实施例与对比例黄酮含量;
图4活菌型不老莓发酵果汁实施例与对比例对小鼠餐后血糖变化的影响,其中(a)为空白对照及实施例对小鼠餐后血糖变化的影响;(b)为空白对照及对比例对小鼠餐后血糖变化的影响。
具体实施方式:
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
S1、果汁预处理:称量不老莓原浆60份、葡萄糖5份,纯净水35份,混合均匀,使用食品级NaHCO3调节其pH至4.6后,于4℃15Mpa条件下高压均质两次,并按照85℃10min条件进行巴氏杀菌处理,冷却至20-30℃,得到发酵原汁;
S2、菌种活化:将副干酪乳杆菌从冻存甘油管取出后,接种入MRS液体培养基,37℃恒温培养箱培养18h后,取出1mL接种入新的MRS液体培养基进行二次扩培,至培养基中菌液浓度为1010cfu/mL以上,停止培养,离心分离菌体,弃掉培养基,无菌生理盐水冲洗菌体后,使用无菌水重悬菌体,得到发酵剂;
S3、接种:按照5%的接种比例将发酵剂接种入发酵原汁中,搅拌均匀;
S4、主发酵:将接种后的发酵原汁置于37℃恒温培养箱中静置培养42h后停止发酵;
S5、后发酵:主发酵结束后,将发酵果汁于0-4℃环境中静置24h,即得活菌型不老莓发酵果汁,活菌型不老莓发酵果汁应于0-4℃条件下贮藏运输。
监测实施例1发酵过程中菌落浓度变化(具体可见图1(a)),检测实施例1的总酚含量(具体可见图2),检测实施例1的黄酮含量(具体可见图3),检测实施例1对小鼠餐后血糖变化的影响(具体可见图4(a))。
实施例2
S1、果汁预处理:称量不老莓原浆50份、葡萄糖7份,纯净水43份,混合均匀,使用食品级NaHCO3调节其pH至4.8后,于4℃15Mpa条件下高压均质两次,并按照85℃10min条件进行巴氏杀菌处理,冷却至20-30℃,得到发酵原汁;
S2、菌种活化:将短乳杆菌及鼠李糖乳杆菌从冻存甘油管取出后,分别接种入MRS液体培养基,37℃恒温培养箱培养18h后,取出1mL接种入新的MRS液体培养基进行二次扩培,至培养基中菌液浓度为1010cfu/mL以上,停止培养,离心分离菌体,弃掉培养基,无菌生理盐水冲洗菌体后,使用无菌水重悬菌体,得到发酵剂,将短乳杆菌发酵剂及鼠李糖发酵剂按照1:2的体积比混合,得到混合发酵剂;
S3、接种:按照2%的接种比例将混合发酵剂接种入发酵原汁中,搅拌均匀;
S4、主发酵:将接种后的发酵原汁置于37℃恒温培养箱中静置培养78h后停止发酵;
S5、后发酵:主发酵结束后,将发酵果汁于0-4℃环境中静置24h,即得活菌型不老莓发酵果汁,活菌型不老莓发酵果汁应于0-4℃条件下贮藏运输。
监测实施例2发酵过程中菌落浓度变化(具体可见图1(b)),检测实施例2的总酚含量(具体可见图2),检测实施例2的黄酮含量(具体可见图3),检测实施例2对小鼠餐后血糖变化的影响(具体可见图4(b))。
本发明鼠李糖乳杆菌、短乳杆菌及副干酪乳杆菌其中两种发酵剂可按照体积比1:1、1:2或2:1混合后,得到混合发酵剂。
对比例1
S1、果汁预处理:称量不老莓原浆50份、葡萄糖7份,纯净水43份,混合均匀,使用食品级NaHCO3调节其pH至4.8后,于4℃15Mpa条件下高压均质两次,并按照85℃10min条件进行巴氏杀菌处理,冷却至20-30℃,得到发酵原汁作为对比例1。
检测对比例1的总酚含量(具体可见图2),检测对比例1的黄酮含量(具体可见图3),检测对比例1对小鼠餐后血糖变化的影响(具体可见图4(b))。
对比例2
市售不老莓果汁饮料,果汁添加量为50%。
检测对比例2对小鼠餐后血糖变化的影响(具体可见图4(b))。
对比例3
市售益生菌发酵果汁,含植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌,果汁添加量58%以上。
检测对比例3对小鼠餐后血糖变化的影响(具体可见图4(b))。
上述实施例及对比例中涉及的检测方法及结果如下:
菌落浓度测定方法:
平板培养法。参考《GB 4789.2-2016食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》中所述方法进行。
菌落浓度测定结果如图1所示。实施例1及实施例2分别经48h或72h发酵后,发酵结束,菌落浓度达到最高,分别为7×109cfu/mL及5×108cfu/mL。
总酚含量检测方法:
福林酚比色法。将发酵果汁于8000r/min条件下离心10min,取上清液稀释10倍待测;取稀释后上清液0.2mL,加入2mL稀释后的福林酚溶液,混匀后加入1.8mL 7.5%的Na2CO3溶液,混匀避光放置1h后于765nm处测定吸光度值。总酚含量按下式计算,结果以没食子酸含量表示:
总酚含量(mg/L以没食子酸计)=(A765-0.0566)/0.0057×10
其中,A765表示样品在765nm处的吸光度值。
总酚含量检测结果如图2所示。总酚含量为:实施例1>实施例2>对比例1。表明发酵后产品的总酚含量得到提升。
黄酮含量检测方法:
NaNO2-Al(NO3)3比色法。将发酵果汁于8000r/min条件下离心10min,取上清液稀释10倍待测;取5mL稀释后上清液于试管中,加入0.3mL 5%NaNO2溶液,混匀避光静置6min,加入0.3mL 10%Al(NO3)3溶液,混匀避光静置6min,加入2mL 1.0mol/L NaOH溶液,用30%乙醇定容至10mL,避光静置15min,于510nm处测吸光度值。黄酮含量按下式计算,结果以儿茶素含量表示:
黄酮含量(mg/L以儿茶素计)=(A510-0.0163)/0.0162×Df
其中,A510表示样品在510nm处的吸光度值,Df为稀释倍数。
黄酮含量检测结果如图3所示。黄酮含量为:实施例2>实施例1>对比例1。表明发酵后产品的黄酮含量得到提升。
小鼠餐后血糖变化检测方法:
选择48只健康的SPF级六周龄KM雄性小鼠,体重25±5g,随机分为6组,分别是空白组、实施例1组、实施例2组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组,小鼠体重无明显组间差异。
空白组小鼠灌胃生理盐水,其余组小鼠灌胃对应果汁样品,灌胃量为10mL/kg,共干预7d,干预期间小鼠正常进食饮水。第七天灌胃结束后,小鼠禁食12h。禁食结束后,尾尖取血测定小鼠空腹血糖值,并记为0h。之后按照6g/kg对小鼠灌胃糊化后的淀粉糊,并从灌胃后起每隔0.5h测定一次小鼠血糖值,测定至2h结束。
小鼠餐后血糖变化测定结果如图4所示。
图4显示,对比例3小鼠进食淀粉后血糖升高最快且下降缓慢。实施例1对于降低小鼠进食30min血糖峰值的效果最显著,实施例2使小鼠餐后血糖波动整体趋势相对平缓,二者对小鼠健康具有有益效果。
不老莓富含碳水化合物、多酚、维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维,是乳酸菌发酵的理想基质。本发明通过发酵,不老莓中部分营养物质的生物可及性提高,抗营养素水解,营养价值更高。此外,乳酸菌代谢产生有机酸、氨基酸等物质,给果汁风味带来明显改善,其酸涩味道大大减弱,香气更加浓郁复杂。因此,发酵不老莓汁不仅保留了其原有的营养价值优势,还大大改善了果汁风味,绿色健康,适用人群广泛。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤为:
1)果汁预处理:称量不老莓原浆40-60份、纯净水33-57份、葡萄糖3-7份,混合均匀,使用食品级NaHCO3调节其pH至4.6-5.0后,高压均质,并进行巴氏杀菌处理,冷却至20-30℃,得到发酵原汁;
2)菌种活化:将乳酸菌从冻存甘油管取出后,接种入MRS液体培养基,35-37℃恒温培养箱培养15-18 h后,取出1 mL接种入新的MRS液体培养基进行二次扩培,至培养基中菌液浓度为1010 cfu/mL 以上,停止培养,离心分离菌体,弃掉培养基,无菌生理盐水冲洗菌体后,使用无菌水重悬菌体,得到发酵剂;乳酸菌为鼠李糖乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌及短乳杆菌中的一种或多种;
3)接种:将发酵剂按比例接种到发酵原汁中,搅拌均匀;
4)主发酵:将步骤3)接种后的发酵原汁置于35-37℃恒温培养箱中静置培养42 h或72h后停止发酵;
5)后发酵:主发酵结束后,将发酵果汁于0-4 ℃环境中静置24 h,即得活菌型不老莓发酵果汁,活菌型不老莓发酵果汁应于0-4 ℃条件下贮藏运输。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1)中高压均质的方法为:0-4℃,15-20 Mpa条件下均质两次。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1)中巴氏杀菌的方法为80-90℃维持5-10 min。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种活菌型不老莓发酵果汁的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤3)中接种比例为:单一菌种发酵剂接种比例2-8%;两种混合发酵剂接种比例0.5-5%。
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